School-Aged Children's Cognitive Interdependence as a Prospective Link Between Their Depressive Symptoms and Physiological Stress Reactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Borelli ◽  
Melissa Pedroza ◽  
Gerin E. Gaskin ◽  
Patricia A. Smiley ◽  
Callison A. Kernick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Large Body ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Levels

Associations between children's depressive symptoms and physiological stress reactivity have been identified across many investigations. Similarly, a large body of literature explores the cognitive correlates of depressive symptomatology in childhood. To date, few studies conducted with children have integrated these approaches. In the present study, we examine a well-documented correlate of depression in adults; low cognitive interdependence (as measured via pronoun use, or we-ratio), in a child population. We explore the relation of low cognitive interdependence to children's concurrent depressive symptoms as well as their concurrent and later stress reactivity. At Time 1, we assessed school-aged children's (N = 60) depressive symptoms and children's we-ratio from an interview about their school experiences. Two weeks later (Time 2), children provided salivary cortisol samples before and after a stressor task. At Time 3 (1.5 years later), children provided cortisol samples before and after completing a different stressor task. Children's depressive symptoms were concurrently associated with lower we-ratio, which in turn was prospectively, but not concurrently, associated with higher cortisol reactivity, acting as an indirect effect between depression and later reactivity. These findings suggest that low levels of cognitive interdependence may be one mechanism by which children's depressive symptoms forecast heightened reactivity to stress.

Associations between multisystem stress reactivity and peer nominated aggression in early childhood vary by sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1888-1898
Author(s):  
Melissa J. Hagan ◽  
Danielle S. Roubinov ◽  
W. Thomas Boyce ◽  
Nicole R. Bush
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Peer Ratings ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Stress Response

AbstractThere is emerging evidence that the development of problematic aggression in childhood may be associated with specific physiological stress response patterns, with both biological overactivation and underactivation implicated. This study tested associations between sex-specific patterns of stress responses across the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and peer nominations of aggression among 271 kindergarten children (Mean age = 5.32 years; 52% Female; 44% White). Upon entry to kindergarten, children participated in a multidomain standardized stress paradigm. Changes in pre-ejection period (PEP) and salivary cortisol were assessed. On a separate day, children provided peer ratings of physical and relational aggression in a standardized interview. As expected, there was a significant three-way interaction between PEP, cortisol reactivity, and sex, but only for physical aggression. Among boys, cortisol reactivity was positively associated with physical aggression only for those with higher SNS reactivity. Findings suggest that for boys, asymmetrical and symmetrical HPA/SNS reactivity may be associated with lower and higher risk for peer-directed physical aggression, respectively. Understanding the complex associations between multisystem physiology, child sex and peer-directed aggression in early childhood may offer insight into individual differences underlying the emergence of behavioral dysregulation in early peer contexts.

scholarly journals Understanding depressive symptoms through psychological traits and physiological stress reactivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1575654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmari Määttänen ◽  
Joni Martikainen ◽  
Pentti Henttonen ◽  
Julius Väliaho ◽  
Maisa Thibault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Psychological Traits

scholarly journals Cortisol Response to Psychosocial Stress in Chinese Early Puberty Girls: Possible Role of Depressive Symptoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Sun ◽  
Fang Deng ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Fang-Biao Tao
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Pubertal Timing ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity

Objective. The present study aimed at investigating unique patterns of salivary cortisol reactivity and recovery in response to a social stressor among girls with early puberty and exploring possible role of depressive symptom in this association.Design. Case-control study.Patients. Fifty-six girls with early puberty and age- and body mass index- (BMI-) matched normal puberty controls(n=56)were selected.Measurements. Salivary cortisol was measured in response to the Groningen Social Stress Test for Children.Results. Girls with early puberty had higher cortisol concentration at the end of the GSST (C3), cortisol concentration 20 min after the end of the GSST (C4), and AUC increment (AUCi) compared to non-early puberty girls. Depressive symptoms correlated with blunted HPA reactivity among girls with early puberty.Conclusion. This study demonstrated the disturbance effect of objectively examined early pubertal timing on HPA axis responses. It also suggested that stress reactivity might be blunted for individuals with depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals PERCEIVED CONTROL AND CORTISOL STRESS REACTIVITY: VARIATIONS BY AGE, RACE, AND FACETS OF CONTROL

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S854-S854
Author(s):  
Jin-Hui Wen ◽  
Nancy L Sin
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Personal Mastery ◽  
Age Variations ◽  
Perceived Constraints

Abstract Greater perceived control is associated with better aging-related health outcomes, and these associations have previously been shown to differ based on sociodemographics. Physiological stress responses—including cortisol reactivity to stressors—may underlie the link between perceived control and health. The goal of this study was to evaluate the associations of perceived control and its facets (personal mastery and perceived constraints) with cortisol reactivity to acute laboratory stressors, in addition to the moderating roles of age and race. Participants (N = 737) ages 25-75 completed a perceived control questionnaire and two lab-based stress tasks. Salivary cortisol was collected pre- and post-stressor exposure. The results showed no main effects of perceived control, personal mastery, nor perceived constraints on salivary cortisol reactivity to stressors. However, age and race moderated the association between perceived constraints and post-stressor cortisol level, adjusting for baseline cortisol, sociodemographics, and health covariates. Among white participants, younger adults who reported higher constraints had elevated cortisol responses compared to those who reported lower constraints, whereas constraints were unrelated to cortisol reactivity among midlife and older adults. Among black participants, perceived control and its subscales were unrelated to cortisol, regardless of age. These findings suggest that older age buffers against the association between constraints and stress reactivity, but this buffering effect is only evident for white participants. Future research on the role of perceived control in stress and health should consider the importance of racial differences, facets of control, and age variations.

scholarly journals DRD2, DAT1, AND COMT genotypes as moderators of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Ludmer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Separation Results

Both maternal depression and dopamine-related genotypes have been linked to the development of the HPA axis. This thesis explored whether and how DRD2, DAT1, and (from an exploratory perspective) COMT genotypes moderate the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity in the context of a toy frustration challenge at 16 months and in the context of a maternal separation challenge at 17 months. Buccal cells were used for the purpose of genotyping. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report at infant age 16 months. Candidate DRD2 and DAT1 genotypes moderated the relation between maternal depressive symptomatology and infant cortisol secretion in a diathesis-stress manner in the context of the toy frustration task, and in a differential susceptibility manner in the context of the maternal separation. Results are interpreted as indicating that the nature of gene-environment interactions is context-specific.

scholarly journals Adult adiposity linked to relationship hostility for low cortisol reactors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Thorson ◽  
Michael F Lorber ◽  
Amy Smith Slep ◽  
Richard Heyman
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Relationships ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Couple Conflict ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Low Cortisol ◽  
Over Time

Past research on the relation between hostility in intimate relationships and adiposity has yielded mixed findings. The present study investigated whether the association between relationship hostility and adiposity is moderated by people’s biological reactions to couple conflict. Cohabiting adult couples (N = 117 couples) engaged in two conflict interactions, before and after which salivary cortisol levels were measured. Results revealed an association between relationship hostility and adiposity, but this association was concentrated among people with relatively low levels of cortisol reactivity to couple conflict. Results are interpreted in light of research demonstrating that cortisol reactivity can become blunted over time in response to repeated stressors. These results provide precision to etiological models of obesity by identifying cortisol reactivity as a factor that moderates the association between relationship hostility and adiposity.

scholarly journals DRD2, DAT1, AND COMT genotypes as moderators of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Ludmer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Separation Results

Both maternal depression and dopamine-related genotypes have been linked to the development of the HPA axis. This thesis explored whether and how DRD2, DAT1, and (from an exploratory perspective) COMT genotypes moderate the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity in the context of a toy frustration challenge at 16 months and in the context of a maternal separation challenge at 17 months. Buccal cells were used for the purpose of genotyping. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report at infant age 16 months. Candidate DRD2 and DAT1 genotypes moderated the relation between maternal depressive symptomatology and infant cortisol secretion in a diathesis-stress manner in the context of the toy frustration task, and in a differential susceptibility manner in the context of the maternal separation. Results are interpreted as indicating that the nature of gene-environment interactions is context-specific.

scholarly journals Early Adverse Stress and Depressive and Bipolar Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Treatment Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Martínez ◽  
Sergio Gloger ◽  
Dante Diez de Medina ◽  
Arantza González ◽  
María I. Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: A significant proportion of adults with depressive or bipolar disorders exposed to early adverse stressors do not adequately respond to standard treatments. This review aimed at synthesizing the evidence on the effectiveness of treatment interventions for depressive or bipolar disorders in adult individuals (aged 18 years or more) exposed to adverse stress early in life.Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis including experimental and quasi-experimental published studies indexed in CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases and/or in reference lists. Data management and critical appraisal (with the Study Quality Assessment Tools) was conducted independently by multiple researchers. A quality-effects model for meta-analysis was used for data synthesis and publication bias was assessed using the Doi plot and LFK index. The main outcome was short-term reductions in depressive symptoms.Results: Eight randomized controlled trials, three controlled before-and-after (pre-post) studies, and three uncontrolled before-and-after studies were included. Studies lacked bipolar disorder patients. Unclear randomization procedures and reporting of blinded outcome assessor, and limited use of intention-to-treat analysis, were relevant potential sources of bias. Meta-analyses indicated that psychological, pharmacological, and combined interventions were effective in reducing depressive symptoms in the short- (Cohen's d = −0.55, 95% CI −0.75 to −0.36, I2 = 0%) and mid-term (Cohen's d = −0.66, 95% CI −1.07 to −0.25, I2 = 65.0%). However, a high risk of publication bias was detected for these outcomes. A small number of studies, with mixed results, reported interventions with long-term improvements in depressive symptomatology, and short- and mid-term response to treatment and remission.Conclusion: Despite the well-documented long-lasting, negative, and costly impact of early adverse stressors on adult psychopathology, evidence on treatment alternatives remains scant. Trauma-focused treatment interventions—whether psychological interventions alone or in combination with pharmacotherapy—may have the potential to reduce the severity of depressive symptom in adults who were exposed to early adverse stress. Findings must be interpreted with considerable caution, as important study and outcome-level limitations were observed and gray literature was not considered in this systematic review and meta-analysis.

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