scholarly journals DRD2, DAT1, AND COMT genotypes as moderators of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Ludmer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Separation Results

Both maternal depression and dopamine-related genotypes have been linked to the development of the HPA axis. This thesis explored whether and how DRD2, DAT1, and (from an exploratory perspective) COMT genotypes moderate the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity in the context of a toy frustration challenge at 16 months and in the context of a maternal separation challenge at 17 months. Buccal cells were used for the purpose of genotyping. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report at infant age 16 months. Candidate DRD2 and DAT1 genotypes moderated the relation between maternal depressive symptomatology and infant cortisol secretion in a diathesis-stress manner in the context of the toy frustration task, and in a differential susceptibility manner in the context of the maternal separation. Results are interpreted as indicating that the nature of gene-environment interactions is context-specific.

scholarly journals DRD2, DAT1, AND COMT genotypes as moderators of the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn Ludmer
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Differential Susceptibility ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Separation Results

Both maternal depression and dopamine-related genotypes have been linked to the development of the HPA axis. This thesis explored whether and how DRD2, DAT1, and (from an exploratory perspective) COMT genotypes moderate the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and infant cortisol reactivity in the context of a toy frustration challenge at 16 months and in the context of a maternal separation challenge at 17 months. Buccal cells were used for the purpose of genotyping. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed via self-report at infant age 16 months. Candidate DRD2 and DAT1 genotypes moderated the relation between maternal depressive symptomatology and infant cortisol secretion in a diathesis-stress manner in the context of the toy frustration task, and in a differential susceptibility manner in the context of the maternal separation. Results are interpreted as indicating that the nature of gene-environment interactions is context-specific.

scholarly journals Early adversity and 5-HTT/BDNF genes: new evidence of gene–environment interactions on depressive symptoms in a general population

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1425-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Aguilera ◽  
B. Arias ◽  
M. Wichers ◽  
N. Barrantes-Vidal ◽  
J. Moya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Bdnf Gene ◽  
Val66met Polymorphism ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Different Types

BackgroundAdverse childhood experiences have been described as one of the major environmental risk factors for depressive disorder. Similarly, the deleterious impact of early traumatic experiences on depression seems to be moderated by individual genetic variability. Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulate the effect of childhood adversity on adult depression, although inconsistencies across studies have been found. Moreover, the gene×environment (G×E) interaction concerning the different types of childhood adversity remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to analyse the putative interaction between the 5-HTT gene (5-HTTLPR polymorphism), the BDNF gene (Val66Met polymorphism) and childhood adversity in accounting for adult depressive symptoms.MethodA sample of 534 healthy individuals filled in self-report questionnaires of depressive symptomatology [the Symptom Check List 90 Revised (SCL-90-R)] and different types of childhood adversities [the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ)]. The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (5-HTT gene) and the Val66Met polymorphism (BDNF gene) were genotyped in the whole sample.ResultsTotal childhood adversity (β=0.27, p<0.001), childhood sexual abuse (CSA; β=0.17, p<0.001), childhood emotional abuse (β=0.27, p<0.001) and childhood emotional neglect (β=0.22, p<0.001) had an impact on adult depressive symptoms. CSA had a greater impact on depressive symptoms in Met allele carriers of the BDNF gene than in the Val/Val group (F=5.87, p<0.0001), and in S carriers of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism (5-HTT gene) (F=5.80, p<0.0001).ConclusionsChildhood adversity per se predicted higher levels of adult depressive symptoms. In addition, BDNF Val66Met and 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms seemed to moderate the effect of CSA on adult depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and offspring’s risk behavior in early adolescence: data from the 2004 Pelotas birth cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Beatriz Bozzini ◽  
Jessica Mayumi Maruyama ◽  
Tiago N. Munhoz ◽  
Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽  
Fernando C. Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Depressive Symptoms

Abstract Background This longitudinal study explored the relationship between trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and offspring’s risk behavior in adolescence contributing to an extremely scarce literature about the impacts of maternal depression trajectories on offspring risk behaviors. Methods We included 3437 11-year-old adolescents from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study. Trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were constructed using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) from age 3 months to 11 years. We identified five trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms: “low” “moderate low”, “increasing”, “decreasing”, and “chronic high”. The following adolescent outcomes were identified via self-report questionnaire and analyzed as binary outcome –yes/no: involvement in fights and alcohol use at age 11. We used logistic regression models to examine the effects of trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms on offspring’s risk behavior adjusting for potential confounding variable. Results Alcohol use and/or abuse as well as involvement in fights during adolescence, were not significantly associated with any specific trajectory of maternal depressive symptoms neither in the crude nor in the adjusted analyses. Conclusion Alcohol use and involvement in fights at age 11 were not associated with any specific trajectory of maternal depression.

Parents' and Teachers' Sensitivity to Unhappiness Reported by Undercontrolled Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betty C. Epanchin ◽  
Mary Sue Rennells
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Child Behavior ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Teacher Report ◽  
Behavioral Ratings ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Teacher Report Form

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate parents' and teachers' sensitivity to the unhappiness and depression of 110 elementary-aged undercontrolled children being treated in an inpatient program. Sensitivity was operationally defined as congruence between the child's responses on two self-report measures (Children's Depression Inventory and Hopelessness Scale for Children) and the adults' behavioral ratings of the children on behavior checklists (Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher Report Form). The first hypothesis that children's self-reports of depressive symptoms would not be significantly correlated with parents' and teachers' ratings of depressive symptomatology was supported. Secondly, it was hypothesized that there would be no differences in the level of self-reported depressive symptoms when children who were rated as depressed by their parents and teachers were compared with children rated as not depressed by their parents and teachers. This was also supported. Finally, it was hypothesized that children who reported significant levels of depressive symptomatology would be rated by their parents and teachers as having more behavior problems than children who did not report significant levels of depressed symptomatology. This was partially supported. The implications of these results in relation to identification and treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Treating Insomnia with High Risk of Depression Using Therapist-Guided Digital Cognitive, Behavioral, and Circadian Rhythm Support Interventions to Prevent Worsening of Depressive Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jeanne Leerssen ◽  
Oti Lakbila-Kamal ◽  
Laura M.S. Dekkers ◽  
Savannah L.C. Ikelaar ◽  
Anne C.W. Albers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Increased Risk

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The global disease burden of major depressive disorder urgently requires prevention in high-risk individuals, such as recently discovered insomnia subtypes. Previous studies targeting insomnia with fully automated eHealth interventions to prevent depression are inconclusive: dropout was high and likely biased, and depressive symptoms in untreated participants on average improved rather than worsened. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This randomized controlled trial aimed to efficiently prevent the worsening of depressive symptoms by selecting insomnia subtypes at high risk of depression for internet-based circadian rhythm support (CRS), cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), or their combination (CBT-I+CRS), with online therapist guidance to promote adherence. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Participants with an insomnia disorder subtype conveying an increased risk of depression (<i>n</i> = 132) were randomized to no treatment (NT), CRS, CBT-I, or CBT-I+CRS. The Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self Report (IDS-SR) was self-administered at baseline and at four follow-ups spanning 1 year. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Without treatment, depressive symptoms indeed worsened (<i>d</i> = 0.28, <i>p</i> = 0.041) in high-risk insomnia, but not in a reference group with low-risk insomnia. Therapist-guided CBT-I and CBT-I+CRS reduced IDS-SR ratings across all follow-up assessments (respectively, <i>d</i> = –0.80, <i>p</i> = 0.001; <i>d</i> = –0.95, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Only CBT-I+CRS reduced the 1-year incidence of clinically meaningful worsening (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Dropout during therapist-guided interventions was very low (8%) compared to previous automated interventions (57–62%). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The findings tentatively suggest that the efficiency of population-wide preventive strategies could benefit from the possibility to select insomnia subtypes at high risk of developing depression for therapist-guided digital CBT-I+CRS. This treatment may provide effective long-term prevention of worsening of depressive symptoms. <b><i>Trial registration:</i></b> the Netherlands Trial Register (NL7359).

School-Aged Children's Cognitive Interdependence as a Prospective Link Between Their Depressive Symptoms and Physiological Stress Reactivity

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Borelli ◽  
Melissa Pedroza ◽  
Gerin E. Gaskin ◽  
Patricia A. Smiley ◽  
Callison A. Kernick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Large Body ◽  
School Experiences ◽  
Cortisol Reactivity ◽  
Cognitive Correlates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Low Levels

Associations between children's depressive symptoms and physiological stress reactivity have been identified across many investigations. Similarly, a large body of literature explores the cognitive correlates of depressive symptomatology in childhood. To date, few studies conducted with children have integrated these approaches. In the present study, we examine a well-documented correlate of depression in adults; low cognitive interdependence (as measured via pronoun use, or we-ratio), in a child population. We explore the relation of low cognitive interdependence to children's concurrent depressive symptoms as well as their concurrent and later stress reactivity. At Time 1, we assessed school-aged children's (N = 60) depressive symptoms and children's we-ratio from an interview about their school experiences. Two weeks later (Time 2), children provided salivary cortisol samples before and after a stressor task. At Time 3 (1.5 years later), children provided cortisol samples before and after completing a different stressor task. Children's depressive symptoms were concurrently associated with lower we-ratio, which in turn was prospectively, but not concurrently, associated with higher cortisol reactivity, acting as an indirect effect between depression and later reactivity. These findings suggest that low levels of cognitive interdependence may be one mechanism by which children's depressive symptoms forecast heightened reactivity to stress.

Eating pathology and depressive symptoms as predictors of excessive weight gain during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532091393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah M Hecht ◽  
Natalie Schwartz ◽  
Lisa R Miller-Matero ◽  
Jordan M Braciszewski ◽  
Alissa Haedt-Matt
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Excessive Weight ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy

Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with negative outcomes and the identification of contributing psychosocial factors may be useful in prevention and intervention. Pregnant women ( N = 70) completed self-report measures of eating pathology, depressive symptomatology, and gestational weight gain. Global eating pathology was positively associated with overvaluation of shape and weight, dietary restraint, frequency of binge eating, and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms significantly predicted excessive gestational weight gain, while global eating pathology predicted excessive gestational weight gain at a trend level. Results suggest that depressive symptoms more strongly predict excessive gestational weight gain than eating pathology.

Efficacy of an online intervention for treatment of depressive disorders: a three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing guided and unguided self-help with waitlist control (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krämer Rico
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Online Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group

BACKGROUND Digital health applications are efficacious treatment options for mild-to-moderate depressive disorders. However, the extent to which psychological guidance increases the efficacy of these applications is controversial. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the efficacy of the online intervention “Selfapy” for unipolar depression. We also investigated differences between a psychotherapist-guided vs. unguided version compared with those from a control group. METHODS A cohort of 401 participants with mild-to-severe depressive disorders were assigned randomly to either participate in a guided version of Selfapy (involving weekly telephone calls of 25-min duration), an unguided version of Selfapy, or to the waiting list (control group). Selfapy is a cognitive behavioral therapy-based intervention for depressive disorders of duration 12 weeks. Symptom assessment was undertaken at T1 (before study entrance), T2 (after 6 weeks), T3 (post-treatment, after 12 weeks), and T4 (follow-up, after 6 months). The main outcome was reduction in depressive symptoms in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) from T1 to T3. Secondary-outcome parameters were the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Self Report (QIDS-SR 16) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). RESULTS A total of 297 out of 401 participants (74.06%) completed the post-measurement at T3. In the primary analysis, both intervention groups showed a significantly higher reduction in depressive symptoms (BDI-II) from T1 to T3 compared with that in the control group, with high within-effect sizes (guided: d = 1.46; unguided d = 1.36). No significant differences were found for guided vs. unguided treatment groups. The response rate (BDI-II) for intention-to-treat data in the guided version was 46.4%, 40.0% for the unguided version, and 2.0% in the control group. After 6 months (T4), treatment effects could been maintained for both intervention groups (BDI-II) without differences between either intervention group. CONCLUSIONS Conclusions: Selfapy can help to reduce depressive symptoms in guided or unguided version. Follow-up data suggest that these effects could be maintained. The guided version was not superior to the unguided version. CLINICALTRIAL Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trial DRKS00017191 Date of registration: 14 May 2019 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05218-4

scholarly journals Depressive symptomatology in hospitalised children

Curationis ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rangaka ◽  
C. Rose ◽  
L. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Black South African ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Children's Coping ◽  
Mood Scale

This study was undertaken to determine the extent and nature of depressive symptoms exhibited by black South African children during hospitalisation for orthopaedic procedures. Social factors associated with the risk for depression, in response to hospitalisation, were also examined. Pre- and post-test assessments were conducted on a sample of 30 children aged between 6 and 12 years. The assessment entailed a structured interview, together with the following psychometric instruments: A Global Mood Scale, a Depressive Symptoms Checklist, a Hospital Fears Rating Scale and a Self Report Depression Rating Scale. A large proportion of the children were rated by ward sisters as showing high levels of depressive symptomatology two weeks after admission to hospital. As expected, discrepancies were found between adult and child self-ratings of depression. The results of this study indicate that hospitalisation for orthopaedic child patients is associated with the development of depressive symptomatology. It is suggested that emphasis be placed on the development of supportive programmes and procedures aimed at maximising children's coping responses to hospitalisation, particularly for children who find themselves Isolated from their communities and families, as a result of both centralised health services and poor socio-economic conditions.

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