perceived constraints
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2022 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Scemama ◽  
Esther Regnier ◽  
Fabian Blanchard ◽  
Olivier Thébaud

In 2016, the French government adopted a law for biodiversity, setting an objective of protecting 55,000 hectares of mangroves. This objective is particularly important to French Guiana, which shelters almost 60% of French mangrove ecosystems, and where mangroves occupy three quarters of the coastline. The coast of French Guiana is also where issues associated with demographic and economic dynamics concentrate. There is thus a need to plan for an economic development that is compatible with the objective of protecting mangrove ecosystems. Ecosystem services (ES) assessment can support such decision-making, informing on the costs and benefits associated with alternative mangrove conservation strategies. While the many services provided by mangrove ecosystems are well documented worldwide, the extent to which these can be encountered in the specific case of French Guiana is currently only very partially known. Relying on the Fuzzy cognitive mapping (FCM) approach, we collected and compared the perception of multiple and heterogeneous groups of stakeholders, of the functioning of the mangrove social-ecological system at the scale of French Guiana. Results, allow to identify mangroves ES and threats particularly influenced by the high sedimentary dynamism of the shoreline. This generates two distinct components of the mangrove social-ecological system: mud banks where ecosystem services are spatially and temporally unstable, and associated with perceived constraints for key coastal activities, and estuarine mangroves where the ecosystem services usually described in the literature on mangroves can be found. Disservices associated with mangrove ecosystems were also identified as a key interaction. This can inform the research needs that should support sustainable development trajectories, fully accounting for the protection of French Guianese mangrove ecosystems.


2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Abhishek Randhave ◽  

A present ex-post-facto study was conducted to identify the perceived constraints of Osmanabadi goat keepers in the Latur region. A total of 120 goat keepers were equally selected across Latur and Osmanabad districts using the multistage random sampling technique. The data was collected by personal interview method using a pre-tested semi-structured interview schedule. The study revealed that kid mortality, lack of financial support, and nonavailability of insurance facilities were the major perceived constraints of overall Osmanabadi goat-keeping households. Among small goat keepers, kid mortality and lack of breeding bucks were significantly greater perceived constraints than medium goat keepers. Higher labor wages and non-availability of grazing land were severely perceived limitations of medium goat keepers, whereas fodder scarcity to large goat keepers. Small, medium, and large Osmanabadi goat keepers of the Latur region need constraints-specific interventions through veterinary institutes or relevant extension agencies to examine and address varied perceived constraints.


2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-179
Author(s):  
Rakesh Roy ◽  
Suddhasuchi Das ◽  
Victor Sarkar ◽  
Bhabani Das ◽  
Adwaita Mondal ◽  
...  

The study was undertaken to assess the perceived constraints in marketing of mango duringnormality and due to lockdown in West Bengal. In all, 90 respondents were randomlyconsidered for the study with equal proportionate of small, medium and large farmers.The perceived constraints faced and suggestions in improving the marketing of mangoeswere analyzed through Garrett ranking techniques. The study shows that the majorperceived constraints in marketing of mangoes during normality were high fluctuation inmarket price during season followed by inadequate marketing channel and exploitation bymiddlemen. But during the lockdown, the major perceived constraints were no market tosell their mangoes followed by exploitation by middlemen and small opening hours ofmarket. The suggestive measures recommended by the mango growers to improve marketingopportunities were stable market rate according to grade of mangoes followed by propermarketing channel and elimination of middlemen. The mangoes growers had not felt needfor cooperative marketing network or formation of Farmer Producer Company for itsmarketing.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sahnewaz Sanu ◽  
Shabana Anjum

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to identify the major constraints to the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in a less-developed region of an emerging economy and how these constraints are affected by owner/manager's attributes and firm-specific characteristics.Design/methodology/approachTo fulfill the objectives, a structured questionnaire is used to gather data from 200 randomly selected MSMEs located in Cachar district of Assam, India. The study applies factor analysis to categorize various perceived constraints into resolute sets of problem variables or factors. Then, the summated scales are regressed on the predictors related to owner-manager's attributes and firm characteristics to validate the hypotheses.FindingsThe results demonstrate that the broad factors constraining the development of MSMEs in Cachar district are as follows: (1) financial issues, (2) infrastructure problems, (3) labor and management issues, (4) market problems and (5) input problems. Furthermore, the findings confirm that firm growth, size, age, sector, location, innovation activity, owner-manager's gender, age and level of education significantly affect the identified constraints.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the research is limited to the Cachar district of India, the findings are relevant for other similar districts of India and less-developed regions of emerging economies. However, the study needs to be replicated in other regions of India as well as in other emerging economies for cross-validation and to determine the generalizability of the results.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, no studies linking the constraints faced by MSMEs to owner/manager's attributes and firm-specific characteristics are carried out in the north-eastern region of India. The study also extends the limited researches on the influence of owner-manager's attributes and firm characteristics on the constraints to the growth of MSMEs by incorporating additional predictors.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Ying ◽  
Jun Wen ◽  
Edmund Goh ◽  
Shaohua Yang

PurposeThe relationship between sex and tourism remains ambiguous in the tourism literature. Few studies have examined the underlying motivations behind sex-driven travel, and little is known about factors inhibiting tourists' procurement of commercial sex when traveling. Therefore, this study explored male Chinese tourists' perceived constraints during decision-making and developed a comprehensive scale to assess constraints to commercial sex consumption overseas.Design/methodology/approachData were obtained from male Chinese tourists purchasing commercial sex while traveling overseas. This study involved a four-stage process as recommended by Churchill (1979) for scale development research. In Stage 1, preliminary items were generated through a comprehensive review of the constraints literature and in-depth interviews with 16 sex tourists, which generated an initial 26 items. During the second stage to purify the measurement items, six items were eliminated, resulting in 20 items. Stage 3 involved exploratory factor analysis (N = 275) to extract the scale's underlying factor structure. Results revealed a five-factor structure with sufficient evidence of internal reliability given Cronbach's alpha coefficients between 0.722 and 0.843. The final stage included confirmatory factor analysis (N = 259) to verify the scale's reliability and validity.FindingsUltimately, 20 items were developed to measure sex tourists' perceived constraints toward engaging in commercial sex services overseas based on five factors: structural constraints, intrapersonal constraints, interpersonal constraints, value conflicts and service supply–related constraints.Originality/valueThis study advances the scope of sex tourism research by verifying how these five constraints are independent, generalized and can influence the procurement of sexual services overseas. This study is the first in sex tourism research to explore the difficulties facing sex tourists. Results offer marketers important insight on how to better address these constraints while providing a safe and legal sex tourism experience.


Author(s):  
Gordon B. Moskowitz ◽  
Irmak Olcaysoy Okten ◽  
Alexandra Sackett

Behavior is a reflection of the intentions, attitudes, goals, beliefs, and desires of a person. These intra-individual factors are coordinated with what opportunities the situation affords and the perceived constraints placed on the person by their context and the norms of the culture they are in. Further, the intentions, attitudes, goals, beliefs, and desires of a person are often not known to them in any given moment, and because they reside within the mind of that person they are almost always not known to the people who are perceiving that person. To know anything about other people we must observe and identify/classify their behavior and then attribute to the observed behavior inferences and judgments about the internal states of that person serving as the motivating force behind their behavior. This entry explores this process of attribution. Heider described attribution as the process that determines “how one person thinks and feels about another person, how he perceives him and what he does to him, what he expects him to do or think, how he reacts to the actions of the other.” The entry explores the rules that people follow in order to make sense of behavior, and the rational versus non-rational nature of the procedure. Even when highly motivated to think rationally, this process can be biased, and flaws can appear in the attribution process, such as from chronic differences among perceivers due to culture, experience, or personality. How the process would unfold if accurate and purely rational is contrasted with how it unfolds when biased. How we feel, and how we choose to act, are derived from how we make sense of the world. Thus, attribution processes are foundational for understanding how we feel, for establishing expectations, and planning how to act in turn.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-50
Author(s):  
Cuifen Weng ◽  
Xuanye Li ◽  
Hongyan Yang ◽  
Ting Ren

ABSTRACT We study the impact of formal and informal institutions perceived and experienced by firms on their innovation using the 2012 World Bank Enterprise Survey data in China. We propose a framework to identify different innovator types of firms. Our analysis shows that (1) perceived constraints from the governmental system make firms more likely to be innovators than non-innovators; (2) perceived constraints from the legal system make firms more likely to be imitators than innovators; (3) lack of formal finance makes firms more likely to be non-innovators than innovators; (4) prevalence of bribery makes firms more likely to be non-innovators than innovators but less likely to be innovation pretenders than innovators. Our study enriches institutional theory and innovation research by establishing a framework that encompasses multiple dimensions of formal and informal institutions perceived and experienced by firms and the impacts of such perception and experience on firms’ propensity to become certain type of innovator.


2021 ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
Anastasiadis A ◽  
Ntovoli A

The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between perceived constraints and recreational sport participation in an urban environment. The data were collected from an on-site survey in the city of Thessaloniki, Greece, with a sample of one thousand individuals, participants in recreational sport activities. The Leisure Constraints Questionnaire was used to measure sport related constraints, following the hierarchical model of leisure constraints. The results indicated that the Lack of Interest, Psychological Factors, Lack of Knowledge and Previous Experience had statistically signicant differences among participants and non-participants. All these dimensions can be categorized within the psychological constraints, which is in line with the hierarchical model of leisure constraints. These results propose that these constraints should be targeted by sport policy makers in their effort to promote recreational sports in a more effective way among citizens.


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bao Trang Thi Nguyen ◽  
Stephen H. Moore ◽  
Vu Quynh Nhu Nguyen

PurposeThis study focuses on Vietnamese international students who returned from their overseas doctoral education to home universities in Vietnam (henceforth Vietnamese overseas-trained returnees). The purpose is to explore the experience of these returnees “doing research” (i.e. being research active) when resuming a lecturing role at a Vietnamese regional university. In the context of research now receiving heightened attention in both the wider global higher education (HE) discourse and the Vietnamese HE sector, this study is timely and provides valuable insights.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 76 Vietnamese overseas-trained returnees from varied disciplinary backgrounds completed a questionnaire on their research motivation and their perceived constraints doing research. Eighteen subsequently took part in semi-structured interviews. The study draws on the notion of human agency from the sociocultural perspective to understand the coping strategies of the Vietnamese overseas-educated returnees in response to the challenges they encountered.FindingsThe results show that the returnees' motivations to conduct research varied, fuelled by passion, but constrained by multiple factors. Time constraints, heavy teaching loads, familial roles and lack of specialized equipment are key inhibiting factors in re-engaging in research for these returnees. Addressing them necessitated a great deal of readaptation, renegotiation and agentive resilience on the part of the returnees in employing different coping strategies to pursue research.Practical implicationsThe paper argues for a subtle understanding of the returnees' experience of re-engaging in research that is both complex and contextual. Implications are drawn for research development in the regional Vietnamese HE context and perhaps in other similar settings.Originality/valueThere is little empirical knowledge about how Vietnamese returned graduates – university lecturers – continue doing research after their return. Also underexplored in global discourse is research on foreign-educated returnees doing research, while they are an important source of human resources. The present study, therefore, fills these research gaps.


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