Attitudes Toward the Unification of Western Europe and Cross-National Suicide Rates: Eight European Countries, 1973-1990

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Fernquist
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Cross National

Recent Changes in Suicide Rates in Selected Eastern European and Other European Countries

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Health Organization

Recent major political changes in Eastern European countries might have affected their suicide rates. For this article, suicide statistics available to the World Health Organization were used to compare data from eight Eastern European countries to those from seven countries in Northern or Western Europe. Comparisons were made between 1987 and 1991/92 data using total suicide rates for each country, rates by gender, and rates for the elderly (age 75 and older). The total rates indicated an increase in suicide in Eastern European countries and a decrease in other European countries. The ratio of male-to-female suicides in the Eastern European countries increased during this time as well, more than in other European countries. Among those over the age of 75, however, rates of suicide in Eastern European countries decreased; this pattern was less clear in the European countries chosen for comparison. The article discusses the role of economic, cultural, and health service factors affecting these trends.

scholarly journals Understanding Parties’ Policy Shifts in Western Europe: The Role of Valence, 1976–2003

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Clark
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Spatial Studies ◽  
Policy Strategies ◽  
Original Measure ◽  
Policy Shifts ◽  
Cross National

Do parties’ valence characteristics affect their policy strategies? The verdict of the spatial modeling literature on the positioning effects of valence is mixed on this point. Some spatial studies argue that valence-advantaged parties/candidates should moderate their policies, while others argue that they should radicalize their policies. Empirical cross-national work on this issue has been lacking. Using an original measure of valence and party positioning data compiled by the Comparative Manifesto Project, the period 1976–2003 is analyzed in this article for nine West European countries. The findings suggest that as parties’ character-based valence attributes worsen they tend tomoderatetheir Left–Right positions, and there is a notable time lag in parties’ responses to changes in their character-based valence attributes.

scholarly journals How Far From Meritocracy? A Cross-National Longitudinal Analysis of European Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311985882
Author(s):  
Marta Kołczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Empirical Distributions ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Cross National

This figure describes the distance from meritocracy in 36 European countries between 2002 and 2017. Following Krauze and Slomczynski, the author defines meritocratic allocation of individuals by education to occupational status groups as a situation when more educated persons do not have jobs with lower status than less educated persons. Using data from the European Social Survey rounds 1 to 8, for each country-round, the author identifies the theoretical meritocratic joint distribution of education and occupational status, as well as the theoretical distribution under statistical independence, and measures the distance of empirical distributions to these two ideal situations. The author finds that the distance to meritocracy varies substantially across European countries, with some countries being closer to allocation under independence than to meritocratic allocation. In terms of cross-country differences, the distance to meritocracy is smaller in postcommunist countries than in Western Europe, with some convergence observable over time.

Elderly suicide rates: cross-national comparisons of trends over a 10-year period

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah ◽  
Ravi Bhat ◽  
Sheena MacKenzie ◽  
Chris Koen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
European Countries ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
National Study ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Elderly Suicide ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cross National

ABSTRACTBackground: Studies examining trends in elderly suicide rates over time reported a decline, an increase and no change. A cross-national study was undertaken to examine the current status of trends over time in elderly suicide rates because previous cross-national studies were well over a decade old.Methods: Trends in suicide rates for males and females in the age-bands 65–74 years and 75+ years over a 10-year period were examined using data from the World Health Organization website for all the listed countries.Results: The main findings were: (1) elderly suicide rates either declined or remained unchanged over the 10-year period in most countries; and, (2) suicide rates in both sexes in both the age-bands, over the 10-year period, declined in several European countries, and remained unchanged in several Central and South American countries, Eastern European countries and countries of the former Soviet Union.Conclusions: Potential explanations for regional and cross-national variations in trends over time in elderly suicide rates include cross-national differences in trends over time in the prevalence of mental illness in the elderly, socioeconomic factors, cultural factors, the availability of appropriate healthcare services, and public health initiatives to improve the detection and treatment of mental illness, mental health and suicide prevention.

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 confinement on eating behaviours across 16 European countries: The COVIDiet cross-national study

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 104231
Author(s):  
Esther Molina-Montes ◽  
Irina Uzhova ◽  
Vito Verardo ◽  
Reyes Artacho ◽  
Belén García-Villanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
National Study ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Cross National Study ◽  
Cross National

Neotypification of the Linnaean name Iris aphylla (Iridaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 273 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENY V. BOLTENKOV
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Russia ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Forest Edges ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Open Forests

Iris aphylla Linnaeus (1753: 38) (Iridaceae) is a highly variable species from the morphological point of view, especially in the height of stem, stem branching, size of leaves, and color of flowers. Moreover, it can be found in different habitats. In the Middle-Russian Upland, this plant is mostly associated with meadow steppes on slopes and, rarely, with edges of shrub thickets; also occurs along forest edges and in open forests, where blooming plants are rare (Kazakova et al. 2015). It is native to Central, Eastern, and some parts of Western Europe. The species is widespread in the Ukraine and mainly in the south of middle European Russia, while in the European countries its populations are sparser. Iris aphylla is of autotetraploid origin (Mitra 1956); plants with the chromosome number 2n = 48 are found more frequently in Europe (Wróblewska et al. 2010). Its numerous synonyms, including four subspecies, indicate the variability of this species. The genetic data confirm the conclusion that the subspecies of I. aphylla should be regarded as a single species (Wróblewska et al. 2010). According to my best knowledge (see also Jarvis 2007) the name I. aphylla is still lacking typification.

Biodiversity of Fungi, Causing Wood Biodeterioration In Buildings In Poland Against The Background Of Research Conducted In Other European Countries.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogusław Adam Andres ◽  
Krzysztof J. Krajewski ◽  
Izabela Betlej
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Coniophora Puteana ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

Abstract The paper presents the results of surveys on the diversity of wood-destroying fungi in buildings and wooden engineering structures outdoors in Poland. The respondents reported a total of 48 species and genus of wood-degrading Basidiomycetes. The greatest species diversity of wood-degrading fungi was found on open-air engineering structures (33 species), the second location in terms of biodiversity was unused residential buildings (30 species), the lowest biodiversity was found in the used residential buildings (21 species).The most common fungi in the buildings were Serpula lacrymans (24.8%), Coniophora puteana (14.1%) and Fibroporia vaillantii (13.8%). The prevalence of S. lacrymans and C. puteana in buildings in Poland is similar to the European average. The occurrence of indoor polypores group (Amyloporia sinuosa, Fibroporia vaillantii, Neoantrodia serialis) in Poland is twice as high as the European average. Donkioporia expansa, which is numerous in buildings in Western Europe, is sporadically recorded in Poland (0.1%).

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