scholarly journals Distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions detected by brain magnetic resonance imaging in Erbil city

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 446-455
Author(s):  
Dina Tawfeeq ◽  
Shawnam Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

Background and objective: Many epidemiological studies and clinical manifestation studies of multiple sclerosis have been done in Iraq. Up to our knowledge, no such observational study to the radiological feature of the multiple sclerosis lesion has been done yet in Erbil in comparison to other worldwide studies. This study aimed to assess the distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions in brain regions detected by magnetic resonance imaging among Erbil population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, from April 2018 to July 2019. A review of magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain of 120 patients was done. Special attention was directed toward identifying the variance in multiple sclerosis lesions distribution in the brain regions and their MR signal intensity characteristics. Results: Periventricular lesions were observed in more than 90% of the study sample. The next common was juxtacortical lesions (24.8%), followed by corpus callosum lesions (16.8 %), while brain stem lesions were the least observed proportions. No significant difference was detected in the distribution of multiple sclerosis lesions among ethnicities and genders, except for basal ganglia lesions, which were significantly more common in women (P = 0.016).The magnetic resonance imaging signal intensity of the lesion was significantly variable among disease duration. Conclusion: The T2 hyper intense lesions were most commonly seen in the periventricular region. Juxtacortical and corpus callosum lesions were also frequently observed. The proportions of the brain stem and cerebellum lesions appeared to be lower in comparison to previous studies. Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Distribution; Lesion.

Epidermoid cysts of the brain stem

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Obana ◽  
Charles B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Contrast Material ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Epidermoid Cysts ◽  
The Brain

✓ The authors report the cases of three patients with epidermoid cysts which insinuated themselves into the brain stem. In all three patients, the tumor occupied the pons, although in one it was predominantly located in the medulla. The cyst contents and nonadherent tumor capsule were removed in all three patients, but no attempt was made to remove tumor densely adherent to the brain stem. One patient's cyst was removed in one operation, but maximal resection in the other two required two operations. After surgery, sixth nerve function completely returned in one patient; another patient had a stable pontine gaze palsy but developed new facial weakness; and the third patient had stable cranial nerve deficits with a diminished hemiparesis. The last patient developed a pseudomeningocele and communicating hydrocephalus, and required a lumboperitoneal shunt. In all three patients, computerized tomography scans demonstrated hypodense tumors not enhanced by contrast material. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on two patients; in both, the tumors showed increased signal intensity relative to brain on T1-weighted images and decreased signal intensity relative to brain on T2-weighted studies. Magnetic resonance imaging, the most accurate modality for localizing these lesions and determining their extent, was also invaluable for postoperative monitoring and follow-up evaluation. Safe and adequate resection includes decompression of cyst contents and removal of nonadherent portions of the cyst capsule. Cyst wall adherent to the brain stem, however, should not be removed.

scholarly journals Experimental design and sample size considerations in longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging-based biomarker detection for multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 2617-2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghan Hu ◽  
Matthew K Schindler ◽  
Blake E Dewey ◽  
Daniel S Reich ◽  
Russell T Shinohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Lesion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Study Duration ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Disease

Several modeling approaches have been developed to quantify differences in multiple sclerosis lesion evolution on magnetic resonance imaging to identify the effect of treatment on disease progression. These studies have limited clinical applicability due to onerous scan frequency and lengthy study duration. Efficient methods are needed to reduce the required sample size, study duration, and sampling frequency in longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging studies. We develop a data-driven approach to identify parameters of study design for evaluation of longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of multiple sclerosis lesion evolution. Our design strategies are considerably shorter than those described in previous studies, thus having the potential to lower costs of clinical trials. From a dataset of 36 multiple sclerosis patients with at least six monthly magnetic resonance imagings, we extracted new lesions and performed principal component analysis to estimate a biomarker that recapitulated lesion recovery. We tested the effect of multiple sclerosis disease modifying therapy on the lesion evolution index in three experimental designs and calculated sample sizes needed to appropriately power studies. Our proposed methods can be used to calculate required sample size and scan frequency in observational studies of multiple sclerosis disease progression as well as in designing clinical trials to find effects of treatment on multiple sclerosis lesion evolution.

Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reveals Rapid and Reversible Changes in the Brain Following Induction of Psoriasiform Dermatitis in Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Xiping Liu ◽  
Yasutomo Imai ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Sebastian Yu ◽  
Rupeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Skin Inflammation ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mouse Ear ◽  
The Brain

Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI), a specific form of MRI imaging, quantitatively assesses connectivity between brain regions that share functional properties. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging has already provided unique insights into changes in the brain in patients with conditions such as depression and pain and symptoms that have been reported by patients with psoriasis and are known to impact quality of life. To identify the central neurological impact of psoriasiform inflammation of the skin, we applied fcMRI analysis to mice that had been topically treated with the Toll-like receptor agonist, imiquimod (IMQ) to induce psoriasiform dermatitis. Brain insula regions, due to their suggested role in stress, were chosen as seed regions for fcMRI analysis. Mouse ear and head skin developed psoriasiform epidermal thickening (up to 4-fold, P < .05) and dermal inflammation after 4 days of topical treatment with IMQ. After fcMRI analysis, IMQ-treated mice showed significantly increased insula fc with wide areas throughout the brain, including, but not limited to, the somatosensory cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and caudate putamen ( P < .005). This reflects a potential central neurological impact of IMQ-induced psoriasis-like skin inflammation. These data indicate that fcMRI may be valuable tool to quantitatively assess the neurological impact of skin inflammation in patients with psoriasis.

Clinical presentation of primary progressive multiple sclerosis 10 years after the incidental finding of typical magnetic resonance imaging brain lesions

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
G V McDonnell ◽  
J Cabrera-Gomez ◽  
D B Calne ◽  
D KB Li ◽  
J Oger
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
The Right

Background: Subclinical multiple sclerosis (MS) has been identified incidentally at autopsy; apparently unaffected individuals with an affected twin have demonstrated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes consistent with MS, and ‘MRI relapses’ are several times more common than clinical relapses. Case description: A 39-year-o ld, right-handed man underwent MRI and PET scanning in 1986 as a ‘normal’ control in a Parkinson’s disease study, where his father was the proband. MRI indicated multiple areas of abnormal signal intensity in a periventricular and grey -white matter junction distribution. Repeated clinical evaluations over the next 10 years were unchanged until 1996, when he complained of progressive weakness of the right foot and clumsiness in the right hand. MRI now indicated a further area of high signal intensity in the right posterior cord at the level of C 5/C 6. There was mild pyramidal distribution weakness in the right leg with an extensor plantar response on the same side. O ver the next five years there has been mild progression in weakness and fatigue and intermittent Lhermitte’s phenomenon. A t no stage has there been a history of relapse, cerebrospinal fluid examination was normal and evoked responses (visual and somatosensory) are normal. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the pheno menon of subclinical MS, unusually supported by prolonged clinical and MRI follow-up. The patient eventually became symptomatic nine years after MRI diagnosis and is following a primary progressive course. A lthough MRI is known to be sensitive in identifying subclinical ‘attacks’, the pattern illustrated here may actually be quite typical of primary progressive MS and is compatible with the later onset seen in this subgroup of patients.

Magnetic resonance imaging in infections of the brain: Findings in tuberculosis, listeriosis, toxoplasmosis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, and multiple sclerosis

1987 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Just ◽  
Hans-Peter Higer ◽  
Günter Krämer ◽  
Günther Golla ◽  
Oliver Betting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain Stem in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Spine ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAJ ALFRED E. GEISSELE ◽  
LTC MARK J. KRANSDORF ◽  
MAJ CARL A. GEYER ◽  
MAJ JAMES S. JELINEK ◽  
LTC BRUCE E. VAN DAM
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain

NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE BRAIN IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

The Lancet ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 318 (8255) ◽  
pp. 1063-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.R Young ◽  
A.S Hall ◽  
C.A Pallis ◽  
G.M Bydder ◽  
N.J Legg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic
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