scholarly journals Hand/Face Border as a Limiting Boundary in the Body Representation in Monkey Somatosensory Cortex

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 6338-6351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Manger ◽  
Timothy M. Woods ◽  
Alberto Muñoz ◽  
Edward G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
The Body

scholarly journals Somatosensory Cortex Efficiently Processes Touch Located Beyond the Body

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (24) ◽  
pp. 4276-4283.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke E. Miller ◽  
Cécile Fabio ◽  
Valeria Ravenda ◽  
Salam Bahmad ◽  
Eric Koun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
The Body

The Role of Hand Size in the Fake-Hand Illusion Paradigm

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5853 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1547-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Pavani ◽  
Massimiliano Zampini
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Video Image ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Statistical Correlations ◽  
Hand Size ◽  
Visible Hand

When a hand (either real or fake) is stimulated in synchrony with our own hand concealed from view, the felt position of our own hand can be biased toward the location of the seen hand. This intriguing phenomenon relies on the brain's ability to detect statistical correlations in the multisensory inputs (ie visual, tactile, and proprioceptive), but it is also modulated by the pre-existing representation of one's own body. Nonetheless, researchers appear to have accepted the assumption that the size of the seen hand does not matter for this illusion to occur. Here we used a real-time video image of the participant's own hand to elicit the illusion, but we varied the hand size in the video image so that the seen hand was either reduced, veridical, or enlarged in comparison to the participant's own hand. The results showed that visible-hand size modulated the illusion, which was present for veridical and enlarged images of the hand, but absent when the visible hand was reduced. These findings indicate that very specific aspects of our own body image (ie hand size) can constrain the multisensory modulation of the body schema highlighted by the fake-hand illusion paradigm. In addition, they suggest an asymmetric tendency to acknowledge enlarged (but not reduced) images of body parts within our body representation.

Triadic body representations in the human cerebral cortex and peripheral nerves

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Kanayama ◽  
Kentaro Hiromitsu
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
Neural System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Brain

Is the body reducible to neural representation in the brain? There is some evidence that the brain contributes to the functioning of the body from neuroimaging, neurophysiological, and lesion studies. Well-known dyadic taxonomy of the body schema and the body image (hereafter BSBI) is based primarily on the evidence in brain-damaged patients. Although there is a growing consensus that the BSBI exists, there is little agreement on the dyadic taxonomy because it is not a concrete and common concept across various research fields. This chapter tries to investigate the body representation in the cortex and nervous system in terms of sensory modality and psychological function using two different approaches. The first approach is to review the neurological evidence and cortical area which is related to body representation, regardless of the BSBI, and then to reconsider how we postulate the BSBI in our brain. It can be considered that our body representation could be constructed by the whole of the neural system, including the cortex and peripheral nerves. The second approach is to revisit the BSBI conception from the viewpoint of recent neuropsychology and propose three types of body representation: body schema, body structural description, and body semantics. This triadic taxonomy is considered consistent with the cortical networks based on the evidence of bodily disorders due to brain lesions. These two approaches allow to reconsider the BSBI more carefully and deeply and to give us the possibility that the body representation could be underpinned with the network in the brain.

scholarly journals Modulation of Body Representation Impacts on Efferent Autonomic Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1104-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco D'Alonzo ◽  
Alessandro Mioli ◽  
Domenico Formica ◽  
Giovanni Di Pino
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hand Position ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The afferent branch of the autonomic nervous system contributes with interoception to the multimodal sensory correlation continuously needed to update our representation of the body. To test whether the modulation of body representation would have an impact on the efferent branch of the autonomic nervous system, nonspecific skin conductance has been measured in three rubber hand illusion (RHI) experiments, controlled with asynchronous brush-stroking and incongruent fake hand position. Nonspecific skin conductance standard deviation (SCSD) computed along the whole 90 sec of stroking was found to be increased by the illusion and to correlate with all the typical measures of embodiment. Computing SCSD in shorter time windows strongly enhanced the difference between illusion and controls. The highest difference was found in the 10–55 sec window, being the 14–34 sec window as the most informative one. The higher correlations with the validated measures of embodiment (all but the proprioceptive drift) were found for time windows ranging between 35 and 65 sec. The SCSD was no longer significantly higher when the RHI was repeated twice (two trials each iteration), but it was still significantly higher in synchronous stroking even when considering only the second trial. However, after the first iteration of the RHI paradigm, the effect of the embodiment on nonspecific skin conductance response results to be attenuated, suggesting that novelty in presentation of the RHI can contribute to the effect on nonspecific skin conductance response. Results candidate SCSD as a noninvasive, cheap, easy, and objective measure of embodiment, especially sensible to onset and strength of the illusion. Alike the already known enhanced autonomic reaction to a threatening, SCSD does not interfere with the collection of other behavioral measures. Correlations and their dynamics, presence of the effect in the second presentation of the setup but relative low robustness against multiple repetition, suggest that the increased fluctuations of skin conductance caught by SCSD are not just the effect of different presented sensory stimuli but more likely a stronger arousal response to the novelty of the updated perceptual status.

scholarly journals Effect of Body Representation Level of an Avatar on Quality of AR-Based Remote Instruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Tzu-Yang Wang ◽  
Yuji Sato ◽  
Mai Otsuki ◽  
Hideaki Kuzuoka ◽  
Yusuke Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instruction System ◽  
Three Body ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Representation Level

In manufacturing, augmented reality (AR)-based remote instruction systems, which enable workers to receive instructions from an avatar, are widely used. In this study, we developed such a system and investigated the effect of the body representation level of the avatar on the quality of AR-based remote instruction. Drawing on the avatar designs of previous works, three different avatar designs (“Hand only”, “Hand + Arm”, and “Body”), representing three body representation levels, were created. In the experiment with a within-participant design, the avatar pointed at blocks sequentially and participants touched each block as soon as they identified it. The results of the experiment indicate that an AR-based remote instruction system with a “Body” avatar exhibits higher usability and can enable the participants to have a lower workload and higher efficiency.

Multiple representations of the body within the primary somatosensory cortex of primates

Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 204 (4392) ◽  
pp. 521-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kaas ◽  
R. Nelson ◽  
M Sur ◽  
C. Lin ◽  
M. Merzenich
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Multiple Representations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex

scholarly journals The Body Model Theory of Somatosensory Cortex

Neuron ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brecht
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Model Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Model

scholarly journals Bilateral receptive field neurons and callosal connections in the somatosensory cortex

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1394) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Iwamura
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Macaca Fuscata ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Callosal Connections ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Fusion Theory ◽  
Single Neuronal Activity

Earlier studies recording single neuronal activity with bilateral receptive fields in the primary somatosensory cortex of monkeys and cats agreed that the bilateral receptive fields were related exclusively to the body midline and that the ipsilateral information reaches the cortex via callosal connections since they are dense in the cortical region representing the midline structures of the body while practically absent in the regions representing the distal extremities. We recently found a substantial number of neurons with bilateral receptive fields on hand digits, shoulders–arms or legs–feet in the caudalmost part (areas 2 and 5) of the postcentral gyrus in awake Japanese monkeys ( Macaca fuscata ). I review these results, discuss the functional implications of this bilateral representation in the postcentral somatosensory cortex from a behavioural standpoint and give a new interpretation to the midline fusion theory.

scholarly journals More than skin deep: Body representation beyond primary somatosensory cortex

2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Longo ◽  
Elena Azañón ◽  
Patrick Haggard
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Body Representation ◽  
Primary Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Deep Body
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