scholarly journals Depression of Activity in the Corticospinal Pathway during Human Motor Behavior after Strong Voluntary Contractions

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (22) ◽  
pp. 7974-7980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas T. Petersen ◽  
Janet L. Taylor ◽  
Jane E. Butler ◽  
Simon C. Gandevia
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Corticospinal Pathway ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

Perspectives in Human Motor Behavior

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 785-786
Author(s):  
Beth Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Human Motor

Control Mechanisms in Oscillatory Motor Behavior

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Piovesan ◽  
Felix C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Rhythmic Movement ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Rhythmic Movements ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Inertial Loading

Studies on unimpaired humans have demonstrated that the central nervous system employs internal representations of limb dynamics and intended movement trajectories for planning muscle activation during pointing and reaching tasks. However, when performing rhythmic movements, it has been hypothesized that a control scheme employing an autonomous oscillator — a simple feedback circuit lacking exogenous input — can maintain stable control. Here we investigate whether such simple control architectures that can realize rhythmic movement that we observe in experimental data. We asked subjects to perform rhythmic movements of the forearm while a robotic interface simulated inertial loading. Our protocol included unexpected increases in loading (catch trials) as a probe to reveal any systematic changes in frequency and amplitude. Our primary findings were that increased inertial loading resulted in reduced frequency of oscillations, and in some cases multiple frequencies. These results exhibit some agreement with an autonomous oscillator model, though other features are more consistent with feedforward planning of force. This investigation provides a theoretical and experimental framework to reveal basic computational elements for how the human motor system achieves skilled rhythmic movement.

scholarly journals Decoding the aquatic motor behavior: description and reflection on the functional movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e47129
Author(s):  
Dielise Debona Iucksch ◽  
Luize Bueno de Araujo ◽  
Karize Rafaela Mesquita Novakoski ◽  
Bruna Yamaguchi ◽  
Carolina Fernandez Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Functional Movement ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Behavior Description ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

Aquatic environment is widely used for recreational, sporting, and therapeutic activities. However, human motor functional behavior in immersion has not been sufficiently described. Such description is necessary to improve strategies used to perform movements in this environment and to possibly transfer them to land. Our goal is to offer a qualitative description of the aquatic motor behavior. We use action research to observe and describe motor behavior in water, which we systematized using the Aquatic Functional Assessment Scale, effects of water on the immersed body, its relationship with functional movements performed on land, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The results allowed the systematization of aquatic movements based on unique features of water compared to effects of activities and participation of functional movement, under a biopsychosocial view of ICF. Such systematization of aquatic behaviors enables professionals to increase their strategies and interventions in water, through that understand the complexity of this approach and improve physical and therapeutic interventions that will have an impact on health.

Modeling Individual Human Motor Behavior Through Model Reference Iterative Learning Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1892-1901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Han Zhou ◽  
D. Oetomo ◽  
Ying Tan ◽  
E. Burdet ◽  
I. Mareels
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Learning Control ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Learning Control ◽  
Iterative Learning ◽  
Model Reference ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Individual Human

Human Motor Behavior

2008 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Einspieler ◽  
Peter B. Marschik ◽  
Heinz F.R. Prechtl
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Spontaneous Movements ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
Human Neonate ◽  
Major Transformation ◽  
Specific Prediction ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Human Motor

The spontaneous movements of the newborn infant have a long prenatal history. From 8 weeks postmenstrual age onward the fetus moves in distinct motor patterns. There is no period of amorphic and random movements. The patterns are easily recognizable, as all of them can be seen after birth. The human neonate demonstrates a continuum of motor patterns from prenatal to early postnatal life. Around the 3rd month a major transformation of motor and sensory patterns occurs. This makes the infant more fit to meet the requirements of the extra-uterine environment. The developmental course of spontaneous movements during the first 20 weeks postterm age shows the emergence and disappearance of various movement patterns. The so-called general movements deserve special interest as they are in their altered quality a most reliable indicator of brain (dys)function with a specific prediction of later developing cerebral palsy.

scholarly journals Voluntary movement and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over human motor cortex

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1593-1603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Todd ◽  
Nigel C. Rogasch ◽  
Stanley C. Flavel ◽  
Michael C. Ridding
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Voluntary Movement ◽  
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Voluntary Contractions

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can induce short-term reorganization of human motor cortex. Here, we investigated the effect of rTMS during relaxation and weak voluntary muscle contraction on motor cortex excitability and hand function. Subjects ( n = 60) participated in one of four studies. Single transcranial magnetic stimuli were delivered over the motor area of the first dorsal interosseus for measurement of motor evoked potential (MEP) size before and after real or sham rTMS delivered at an intensity of 80% of active motor threshold. rTMS involved trains of stimuli applied at 6 Hz for 5 s and repeated every 30 s for 10 min. Resting MEP size was suppressed for 15 min after rTMS during relaxation. However, MEP suppression was abolished when additional brief voluntary contractions were performed before and after rTMS ( study 1). Resting MEP size was suppressed for 30 min after rTMS during weak voluntary contraction. MEP suppression was present even though voluntary contractions were performed before and after rTMS ( study 2). The MEP suppression most likely reflects a decrease in motor cortical excitability. Surprisingly, rTMS during voluntary contraction did not alter maximal finger tapping speed or performance on a grooved pegboard test, object grip and lift task ( study 3), and visuomotor tracking task ( study 4). These studies document the complex relationship between voluntary movement and rTMS-induced plasticity in motor cortex. This work has implications for the optimization of rTMS parameters for improved efficacy and potential therapeutic applications.

Veering in Women: Inconsistency of Forward and Backward Progression

1997 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Day ◽  
Vickie J. Goins
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
The North ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Performance Errors ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Individual Consistency ◽  
Rectangular Room

In a large rectangular room, 13 blindfolded women attempted to walk in a straight line from one end of the room to a target centered at the other end of the room. On 12 trials, the women walked forward, and on 12 trials they walked backward. On half the trials under each of these conditions, they walked toward the north, and on the other half to the south. Performance errors were highly correlated for northward and southward progression, an indication of good reliability for this veering task. Veering during forward progression was not significantly related to veering during backward progression. Individual consistency in veering was demonstrated in several ways, and approximately half the participants veered in the same direction on nearly all trials. These results indicate that veering should be considered as an additional manifestation of lateral preferences in human motor behavior.

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