Football society players over the age of 55: how stressful can a match be?

This study aimed at assessing the physical activity level, heart rate and the salivary cortisol level of football society players. The sample consisted of 19 male masters football players with an average age of 56.7 ± 3.9 years. The long form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Polar® heart rate monitors were used as instruments, in addition to Salivette® tubes to measure salivary cortisol. Data analysis was performed by using the repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc test, and Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient. The results showed that the salivary cortisol concentration indicated an index of 1.97 ng/ml at the beginning of the match; 40 minutes after that these values increased to 8.00 ng/ml, and 60 minutes after the match had started they reached 8.40 ng/ml. Considering the post-match moment, a moderate and positive correlation between the salivary cortisol concentration and heart rate (average and maximum) was seen. In conclusion, the physical effort expended during football Society practice needs to be monitored due to the high heart rate and high increase in the salivary cortisol concentration of this age group.

Respiratory mechanics behavior after heart surgery: an experimental study

Changes in ventilatory mechanics and their consequent pulmonary complications are common after surgical procedures, particularly in cardiac surgery (CS), and may be associated with both preoperative history and surgical circumstances. This study aims to compare ventilatory mechanics in the moments before and after cardiac surgery (CS), describing how pulmonary complications occurred. An experimental, uncontrolled study was conducted, of the before-and-after type, and with a descriptive and analytical character. It was carried out in a private hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, and involved 30 adult patients subjected to CS. In addition to clinical and epidemiological variables, minute volume (VE), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were also recorded. Data were collected in the following moments: preoperative (PRE-OP) period, immediate postoperative (IPO) period, and 1st postoperative day (1st POD). The sample was aged 48.1 ± 11.8 years old and had a body mass index of 25.5 ± 4.9 kg m-2; 60% of the patients remained on mechanical ventilation for less than 24 hours (17.5 [8.7-22.9] hours). There was a significant reduction in VT, FVC, MIP and PEF when PRE-OP versus IPO, and PRE-OP versus 1st POD were compared (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes between IPO and the 1st POD. The highest incidence of pulmonary complications involved pleural effusion (50% of the patients). This study showed that patients subjected to CS present significant damage to ventilatory parameters after the surgery, especially in the IPO period and on the 1st POD. It is possible that the extension of this ventilatory impairment has led to the onset of postoperative pulmonary complications.

Quality of life of family caregivers of children with microcephaly

Assess the quality of life of family caregivers of children with microcephaly. This is an analytical cross-sectional study developed in Teresina-PI, carried out in a rehabilitation center. For data collection a form was used to investigate the sociodemographic profile and the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey instrument to assess quality of life. For data analysis, we used the statistical tests Student's t, ANOVA, U- Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis. The descriptive analysis of the results showed that the functional capacity domain presented the most impairment by obtaining the highest score. The dimensions vitality and pain showed the lowest averages, representing the less affected domains. The associations between the sociodemographic characteristics and the domains of quality of life were significant between the variables marital status and pain, education and the domains vitality and emotional aspect, and between employment status and general health status. The quality of life of family caregivers presented losses related to the change of routine and the difficulties faced on a daily basis, highlighting the importance of covering the health of caregivers within the assistance offered to children with special needs, contributing to the well-being of those who care and consequently of those who are cared for.

Accuracy of cone-beam CT in detecting vertical root fractures in teeth with post-endodontic restorations: an in vitro study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cone-beam CT (CBCT) for the detection of artificially created vertical root fractures (VRF) in extracted teeth restored with metallic (MP) and fiberglass (FGP) posts. After root canal obturation, 60 extracted human premolars were scanned by using the highest-resolution settings of a CBCT unit. The prepared roots were randomly divided into three groups: group C (control group): non-restored and non- endodontically treated teeth (n = 20); group MP (n = 20); group FGP (n = 20). In all groups, 10 teeth were artificially fractured. Two external and independent observers blindly recorded the presence or absence of VRF. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, intra- and interobserver agreement were calculated. Kappa value for inter- and intraobserver agreement was 0.82 and 0.84 respectively, demonstrating good agreement. The highest values for sensitivity (0.80 - 0.90), specificity (1.00) and accuracy (0.90 - 0.95) were found in the control group. The teeth with FGP restoration presented the lowest sensitivity (0.30 - 0.50) and accuracy (0.60 - 0.65) values. Both examiners had a good performance in the diagnosis of fractures in teeth with MP, with accuracy ranging between 0.85 - 0.90. The presence of MP did not influence accuracy; however, the presence of FGP reduced the diagnostic capacity of CBCT.

Nutritional profile of cancer patients treated at an outpatient oncology center in the south region of Brazil

To evaluate the nutritional profile of cancer patients treated at an oncology center in South Brazil. This is a descriptive, exploratory and sectional study that was developed in a process that involved 100 patients aged between 18 and 75 years old, suffering from cancer. The anthropometric variables studied were weight, height, Body Mass Index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), arm muscle circumference (AMC), triceps skinfold (TSF) and corrected arm muscle area (cAMA). For subjective nutritional assessment, we used the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA). Nearly half of the patients evaluated had a critical need for nutritional intervention. There was a statistically significant association between cAMA and marital status, age and gender; between AC and age, gender and staging; between AMC and staging; between BMI and marital status and age; and between TSF and marital status. Patients diagnosed with IV stage had the lowest values for nutritional variables. There was no significant association between nutritional status of patients obtained by the PG-SGA instrument and sociodemographic characteristics. Malnutrition should be diagnosed as soon as possible, aiming at early intervention and improving survival and quality of life. Therefore, early nutritional assessment in cancer patients is required, combining subjective and objective methods.

Health: bioecological analysis of subjective well-being in teaching

Reflect on the concepts that go through the history of people with disabilities, in the context of their rights, as the processes involving their education is an emerging theme. The objective of this work was to understand the conceptions about health of university professors based on the Bioecological Theory of Human development. This is an exploratory case study research with a mixed approach carried out with professors from a public university in the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The method of data collection was the interview and the self-administered questionnaire. 73 professors and 6 interview participants from different fields of knowledge, selected at random participated answering to the questionnaire. It was observed that the systems that constitute the organizational basis of the participants' lives were similar and that their life stories, their culture, the media and the relationships they establish at work are factors that influence their conceptions about health and about the relationship established with people with disabilities in Higher Education. The participants' conception of health, however, still runs through the biomedical model, but has been undergoing a progressive change. It is concluded that the conceptions about health are linked to life history, when then one starts to subjectivity. Combined with the contextual issues of a particular place, the concept of health has been progressively detaching itself from the concept of disease.

Factors associated with cesarean delivery in adult nulliparous women

The aim of this study was to analyze the sociodemographic factors associated with cesarean section in adult women with conditions favorable for normal delivery and to identify the groups most likely to undergo this surgery in the state of Santa Catarina (SC). A case control study with microdata from the Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos on 7,065 women for 2016 in SC. A relationship between cesarean section and sociodemographic variables was analyzed by logistic regression where we calculated the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR), confidence interval and p-value. The probability of cesarean section for each group of women (called "interaction") was also calculated. Among women with more favorable conditions for normal childbirth, the prevalence of cesarean section was 41.1%. Lower chance of cesarean section was found for women without partners (AOR: 0.79 [0.71-0.87]), up to 8 years of schooling (AOR: 0.56 [0.47-0.66]), with up to 2 prenatal visits (AOR: 0.46 [0.23-0.90]). The most likely group of women (51.4% [49.3-53.4]) to undergo cesarean section are women who perform 7 to 15 prenatal visits and have 12 or more years of schooling. A cesarean section occurs with women who have greater access to education and prenatal care and those who have partners, even though the aspects favor normal childbirth, suggesting that this does not seem to be a decision only by women.

Retrospective study of polytrauma patients’s medical records that presented abdominal trauma, comperad to abdominal trauma and extra-abdominal injuries

This study sought to retrospectively assess the relationship between intra and extra-abdominal injuries in polytrauma patients undergoing laparotomy at the Regional University Hospital of Maringá between 2017 and 2018.This study was based on 111 electronic medical records from the Brazilian public health system “SUS”, admitted to the hospital due to trauma and undergoing laparotomy, comparing two groups: abdominal injury without extra-abdominal injury (WoEI) and abdominal injury with extra-abdominal injury (WiEI).A total of 111 medical records were analyzed, 57 from 2017 and 54 from 2018. Of these 111records, 43 (39%) were trauma victims with only abdominal injuries and 68 (61%) trauma victims with abdominal and extra-abdominalinjuries. Most patients were male (85%), with an average age of 33 years, ranging from 14 to 87 years. In statistical analysis, according to the T-test, there was significance (p > 0.05) between the WoEI and WiEI groups for data collected regarding death rates and hospitalization days. As for the morbidity rate and difference between genders (male and female), there was no statistical significance (p < 0.05). Polytrauma patients are exposed to greater kinetic energy, with more severe conditions and therefore required more in-hospital care.

Epidemiological profile of orthopedics and traumatology patients in Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil

Epidemiological studies, both in general and specifically, are part of the health promotion process and prophylactic actions that can generate treatment plans for a population, however, the accomplishment of prophylactic work in relation to musculoskeletal (i.e., traumatological) problems must start from the specific and go to the general, from cities to a national plan, since each population has its own characteristics in the general picture of conditions. Hypothetically, the epidemiological profile in traumatology and orthopedics, due to the general behavior in the national territory, presents the lack of prevention; in this way, is necessary to verify. This work aims to determine the incidence of orthopedic and traumatological problems in the region of Palmas, state of Tocantins (TO), Brazil, in order to contribute to a possible prophylactic plan for the population of the region. The data of the present study agree with most other studies about the orthopedic profile in terms of gender, age and problems with vertebral column, in general. However, the finding that most of the conditions were associated with scoliosis was unexpected, as it differs from the findings of most studies. It was possible to establish a profile of patients seen at the clinic-school and indicate the management of training for health professionals related to the treatment of people over the age of 40 years. The importance of the action of physiotherapists in the processes of prevention and primary care was evident given the patients indicated in this and other articles who need help with traumatic diseases.

Tracking of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in young shooters, Ituiutaba, MG

The aim of this study was to detect early hypertension, diabetes and obesity, as well as their risk factors, in 105 young shooters from Tiro de Guerra 11-002 in the city of Ituiutaba-MG. This is a cross-sectional mixed study. A semi-structured questionnaire that contained questions related to the sociodemographic context, health status, lifestyle, eating habits, and psychosocial variables was applied. Blood pressure, anthropometric indexes, and lipid and glycemic profiles were measured. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation test and Spearman’s coefficient, considering significative value (p < 0.05). The shooters had an average of 18.9 years old, most educated and brown. Anthropometric indices indicated a mainly eutrophic population, and normotensive and desirable lipid and glycemic profiles. However, overweight, high blood pressure, and self-declaration of family history for chronic diseases were identified. In addition, most shooters affirmed to ingest alcoholics beverages, to have insufficient time of physical activity, and to be aware of their levels of stress, pressure and anxiety and a few hours of sleep. Overall, the shooters showed good anthropometric and biochemical indicators of blood. Risk behavior, such as drinking alcoholic beverages and smoking, low level of physical activity and self-perception of stress, anxiety and pressure were also noted.