Nucleus Accumbens AMPA Receptors Are Necessary for Morphine-Withdrawal-Induced Negative-Affective States in Rats

SYNOPSISFunctional and phenotypic immunological parameters were examined immediately before, after, and 30 minutes after experimentally-induced short-term positive (happiness) and negative (anxiety, depression) affective states and a neutral state, in five healthy subjects. Results indicated that all affective states induced more immune fluctuations (regardless of the direction) than the neutral state. Furthermore, among the affective states, anxiety induced the most immunological variability and depression the least.

Download Full-text

Pain, negative affective states and opioid-based analgesics: Safer pain therapies to dampen addiction

International Review of Neurobiology - Neurobiology of Addiction and Co-Morbid Disorders ◽

10.1016/bs.irn.2020.09.002 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-68

Author(s):

Nicolas Massaly ◽

Tamara Markovic ◽

Meaghan Creed ◽

Ream Al-Hasani ◽

Catherine M. Cahill ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Affective States ◽

Negative Affective States

Download Full-text

The healing power of well-being

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1111/j.1601-5215.2011.00578.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 145-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jobin Mathew ◽

Cheramadathikudyl Scariya Paulose

Keyword(s):

Brain Function ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Well Being ◽

Neuroendocrine System ◽

Affective States ◽

Functional Correlation ◽

Enhanced Resistance ◽

Healing Power ◽

Negative Affective States ◽

Physiological Benefits

Neuroendocrine system plays an important role in modulating our body functions and emotions. At the same time, emotions implicate a pivotal role in the regulation of brain function and neuroendocrine system. Negative affective states such as depression and stress are associated with premature mortality and increase the risk of various fatal diseases. It has been suggested that positive affective states are protective and improve our health and productiveness. Several potential mechanisms have been posited to account for these associations including improved health behaviour, direct physiological benefits, enhanced resistance and recovery from stress among individuals with high versus low positive emotional resources. This review summarises information concerning the neuronal and hormonal systems in mood, impact of negative and positive affective states on the level of cortisol, epinephrine, serotonin, dopamine and endorphins. The functional correlation of neuronal and hormonal systems in the development of diseases and their ability to enhance health-relevant biological processes are also evaluated.

Download Full-text

Alterations in AMPA receptor subunits and TARPs in the rat nucleus accumbens related to the formation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors during the incubation of cocaine craving

Neuropharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.021 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 61 (7) ◽

pp. 1141-1151 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Carrie R. Ferrario ◽

Jessica A. Loweth ◽

Mike Milovanovic ◽

Kerstin A. Ford ◽

Gregorio L. Galiñanes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Ampa Receptor ◽

Ampa Receptors ◽

Cocaine Craving ◽

Rat Nucleus Accumbens

Download Full-text

Classifying pretended and evoked facial expressions of positive and negative affective states using infrared measurement of skin temperature

ACM Transactions on Applied Perception ◽

10.1145/1462055.1462061 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Masood Mehmood Khan ◽

Robert D. Ward ◽

Michael Ingleby

Keyword(s):

Skin Temperature ◽

Facial Expressions ◽

Affective States ◽

Infrared Measurement ◽

Negative Affective States

Download Full-text

Spontaneous and Naloxone-Precipitated Withdrawal Behaviors From Chronic Opiates are Accompanied by Changes in N-Oleoylglycine and N-Oleoylalanine Levels in the Brain and Ameliorated by Treatment With These Mediators

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.706703 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Samantha M. Ayoub ◽

Fabiana Piscitelli ◽

Cristoforo Silvestri ◽

Cheryl L. Limebeer ◽

Erin M. Rock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Nucleus Accumbens ◽

Chronic Exposure ◽

Insular Cortex ◽

Morphine Withdrawal ◽

Opiate Withdrawal ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Self Administration ◽

Colonic Microbiota

Rationale: The endocannabinoidome mediators, N-Oleoylglycine (OlGly) and N-Oleoylalanine (OlAla), have been shown to reduce acute naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal affective and somatic responses.Objectives: To determine the role and mechanism of action of OlGly and OlAla in withdrawal responses from chronic exposure to opiates in male Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: Opiate withdrawal was produced: 1) spontaneously 24 h following chronic exposure to escalating doses of morphine over 14 days (Experiments 1 and 2) and steady-state exposure to heroin by minipumps for 12 days (Experiment 3), 2) by naloxone injection during steady-state heroin exposure (Experiment 4), 3) by naloxone injection during operant heroin self-administration (Experiment 5).Results: In Experiment 1, spontaneous morphine withdrawal produced somatic withdrawal reactions. The behavioral withdrawal reactions were accompanied by suppressed endogenous levels of OlGly in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, N-Arachidonylglycerol and OlAla in the amygdala, 2-arachidonoylglycerol in the nucleus accumbens, amygdala and interoceptive insular cortex, and by changes in colonic microbiota composition. In Experiment 2, treatment with OlAla, but not OlGly, reduced spontaneous morphine withdrawal responses. In Experiment 3, OlAla attenuated spontaneous steady-state heroin withdrawal responses at both 5 and 20 mg/kg; OlGly only reduced withdrawal responses at the higher dose of 20 mg/kg. Experiment 4 demonstrated that naloxone-precipitated heroin withdrawal from steady-state exposure to heroin (7 mg/kg/day for 12 days) is accompanied by tissue-specific changes in brain or gut endocannabinoidome mediator, including OlGly and OlAla, levels and colonic microbiota composition, and that OlAla (5 mg/kg) attenuated behavioural withdrawal reactions, while also reversing some of the changes in brain and gut endocannabinoidome and gut microbiota induced by naloxone. Experiment 5 demonstrated that although OlAla (5 mg/kg) did not interfere with operant heroin self-administration on its own, it blocked naloxone-precipitated elevation of heroin self-administration behavior.Conclusion: These results suggest that OlAla and OlGly are two endogenous mediators whose brain concentrations respond to chronic opiate treatment and withdrawal concomitantly with changes in colon microbiota composition, and that OlAla may be more effective than OlGly in suppressing chronic opiate withdrawal responses.

Download Full-text

Distinct facial expressions represent pain and pleasure across cultures

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1807862115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (43) ◽

pp. E10013-E10021 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Chaona Chen ◽

Carlos Crivelli ◽

Oliver G. B. Garrod ◽

Philippe G. Schyns ◽

José-Miguel Fernández-Dols ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Facial Expressions ◽

Mental Representations ◽

Affective States ◽

Information Theoretic ◽

Complementary Approach ◽

Dynamic Facial Expressions ◽

Negative Affective States ◽

Affective Experiences ◽

New Research

Real-world studies show that the facial expressions produced during pain and orgasm—two different and intense affective experiences—are virtually indistinguishable. However, this finding is counterintuitive, because facial expressions are widely considered to be a powerful tool for social interaction. Consequently, debate continues as to whether the facial expressions of these extreme positive and negative affective states serve a communicative function. Here, we address this debate from a novel angle by modeling the mental representations of dynamic facial expressions of pain and orgasm in 40 observers in each of two cultures (Western, East Asian) using a data-driven method. Using a complementary approach of machine learning, an information-theoretic analysis, and a human perceptual discrimination task, we show that mental representations of pain and orgasm are physically and perceptually distinct in each culture. Cross-cultural comparisons also revealed that pain is represented by similar face movements across cultures, whereas orgasm showed distinct cultural accents. Together, our data show that mental representations of the facial expressions of pain and orgasm are distinct, which questions their nondiagnosticity and instead suggests they could be used for communicative purposes. Our results also highlight the potential role of cultural and perceptual factors in shaping the mental representation of these facial expressions. We discuss new research directions to further explore their relationship to the production of facial expressions.

Download Full-text