Spectroscopic Studies of the Quality of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Derived from Waste Cooking Oil

Different kinds of biodiesel fuels become more and more attractive form of fuel due to their unique characteristics such as: biodegradability, replenishability, and what is more a very low level of toxicity in terms of using them as a fuel. The test on the quality of diesel fuel is becoming a very important issue mainly due to the fact that its high quality may play an important role in the process of commercialization and admitting it on the market. The most popular techniques among the wellknown are: molecular spectroscopy and molecular chromatography (especially the spectroscopy of the electron absorption and primarily the infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)).The issue presents a part of the results obtained with the use of spectroscopy of the electron absorption and in majority infrared spectroscopy FTIR selected for testing samples of the acid fats WCO (Waste Cooking Oil) types. The samples were obtained using laboratory methods from sunflower oil and additionally from waste animal fats delivered from slaughterhouses. Acid methyl esters were selected as references to present the samples. In order to facilitate the spectroscopic analysis, free glycerol, methanol, esters and methyl linolenic acid were measured

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Biomass ash-based heterogeneous catalysts to produce fatty acid methyl esters from waste cooking oil.

10.24124/2014/bpgub976 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Harpuneet Singh Ghuman

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biomass Ash ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Methyl

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Volatility of Biodiesel Obtainted from Rapeseed Blends with Petroleum Diesel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.159 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 159-163

Author(s):

Xiu Chen ◽

Yin Nan Yuan ◽

Yong Bin Lai

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Compression Ignition ◽

Compression Ignition Engine ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Ignition Quality

The volatility has been studied since it influences the ignition quality of the fuels in a compression ignition engine. The chemical composition of -10# petrodiesel (-10PD) and rapeseed biodiesel (RME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Volatility of -10PD and RME was studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and liquid volatile theory. Volatile index V was put forward for describing -10PD/RME volatility. A good correlation model was proposed for calculate the -10PD/RME volatility by RME blending ratio. The study showed that -10PD was mainly composed of alkanes: C8-C26. RME was mainly composed of saturated fatty acid methyl esters (SFAME): C14:0-C24:0, unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (UFAME): C16:1-C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The mass fraction of SFAME and UFAME was 14.69% and 83.40%, respectively. RME is considerably more volatile in comparison to -10PD. The -10PD/RME volatility has relation to RME blending ratio. The volatility of B0-B20 is very close to -10PD. The volatility of B20-B100 is better with increasing the RME blending ratio.

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Efficiency of different additives in improvement of oxidation stability of fatty acid methyl esters with different properties

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc210209029r ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 29-29

Author(s):

Milica Rankov-Sicar ◽

Radoslav Micic ◽

Milan Tomic ◽

Natasa Djurisic-Mladenovic

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Oxidation Stability ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Molecular Structures ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Induction Periods ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

Rancimat Method

This study evaluates six formulations in improving oxidation stability of different fatty acid methyl esters (MEs). Two MEs differed in the unsaturation levels as they were synthesized from different feedstocks: a blend of soybean and sunflower oils (SoSuME), and waste cooking oil (WCOME); they did not fulfill the requirements of the EN 14214 standard concerning the oxidation stability (~0.6 h) and some impurities. The third MEs (SoSuME-EN) were fully compliant with the standard. Five formulations were phenolic-based, containing single or mixed antioxidant compounds of different molecular structures; one was amine-based. Different dosages of the formulations were added to the ME samples (corresponding to the addition range ~50-48300 ppm). The MEs stability expressed as induction periods, IPs, determined by the Rancimat method, were used for calculation of stabilization factors, SFs, indicating the efficiency of the applied formulation. The formulation containing TBHQ was the most efficient concerning the lowest consumption rate and the highest SF achieved for the low quality ME. 2,2?-methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) was linked with higher antioxidant potency than amine-based formulation and the phenolic com-pounds with two bulky tert-butyl groups. Among 4 selected phenolic additives, BHT and 2,2?-methylene-bis-(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) proved similar efficiency in SoSuME-EN (at ~500 ppm they produced SF~2), while it took twice of this amount for mixed butylphenols to achieve the same effect.

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Combustion characteristics of fatty acid methyl esters derived from recycled cooking oil

Fuel ◽

10.1016/j.fuel.2007.02.029 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 86 (17-18) ◽

pp. 2810-2816 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Yo-ping Greg Wu ◽

Ya-fen Lin ◽

Chang-Tang Chang

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Acid Methyl

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Transformation of Triglycerides to Fatty Acid Methyl Esters with Hydrophilic Sulfonated Silica (SiO2-SO3H) as Catalyst and Quaternary Ammonium Salts in Toluene or DMSO

10.20944/preprints202201.0013.v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Sandro Luiz Barbosa Santos ◽

Adeline C. Pereira Rocha ◽

David Lee Nelson ◽

Milton Souza Freitas ◽

Antônio A. P. Fulgêncio Mestre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Ammonium Salts ◽

Aliquat 336 ◽

Co Catalyst ◽

Acid Methyl ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Sulfonated Silica

Triglycerides of waste cooking oil reacted with methanol in refluxing toluene to yield mixtures of diglycerides, monoglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the presence of 20% (w/w) catalyst/oil using the hydrophilic sulfonated silica (SiO2-SO3H) catalyst alone or with the addition of 10% (w/w) co-catalyst/oil [(Bun4N)](BF4) or Aliquat 336]. The addition of the ammonium salts to the catalyst lead to a decrease in the amounts of diglycerides in the products, but the concentrations of monoglycerides increased. Mixtures of [(Bun4N)](BF4)/catalyst were superior to catalyst alone or Aliquat 336/catalyst for promoting the production of mixtures with high concentrations of FAMEs. The same experiments were repeated using DMSO as the solvent. The use of the more polar solvent resulted in excellent conversion of the triglycerides to FAME esters with all three-catalyst media. A simplified mechanism is presented to account for the experimental results.

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