Studying Each Other

Trans Kids ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Tey Meadow
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Gender Transgression ◽  
Identity Category

The introduction sets the stage for the intricate discussion of a new identity category, the transgender child, and the first generation of families actively facilitating gender nonconformity. In a context of rapidly shifting legal, administrative, and social norms around gender, new possibilities for gendered life are emerging. These possibilities underscore that gender transgression no longer merely incites sanction; now it can also lead others to change social gender assignations. Rather than disrupting the gender order, these new forms of gender underscore gender’s increasing importance to psychic and relational life and its further embedding in the fabric of social institutions.

Introduction: Law as a Means of Exclusion

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Marie-Andrée Bertrand
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Canadian Journal ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Law And Society ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Rules ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Legislative Agenda

In our call for papers for this special issue of the Canadian Journal of Law and Society on “Law as a factor of exclusion,” we announced that we were seeking contributions on the discriminatory and exclusionary power of legal and non-legal norms and institutions. We also intimated that the use of historical approaches might prove revealing in analyses of statutes and other legislation, especially for their potential to uncover otherwise hidden legislative agenda.The articles in this issue of the Journal meet and surpass our expectations. Each of the authors brings into sharp focus the central issues at stake in the announced theme. While the majority of the contributions take legislation and judicial decisions as their primary material, some are directed to exploring non-legal norms and social rules. Moreover, even in those contributions taking the state law as their object, the authors display a keen awareness of the power of social norms and social institutions; one of these deals specifically with the practices of the legal profession and the legal academy. Nearly all of the authors historicize their subject.

Trans Kids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tey Meadow
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
The State ◽  
Gender Nonconformity ◽  
Sexuality Studies ◽  
Psychic Life ◽  
Gender Expression

In the first comprehensive academic treatment of the emerging social, medical, and psychological category of the transgender child, ethnographer Tey Meadow introduces readers to a generation of parents who actively facilitate gender nonconformity in their children. Whereas previous generations of parents sent such children for psychiatric treatment aimed at a cure, these families call their children new names, allow them to wear whatever clothing they choose, and even approach the state to alter their legal gender. Drawing from sociology, philosophy, psychology, and sexuality studies, Meadow depicts the intricate social processes that shape gender acquisition. Whereas once atypical gender expression was considered a failure of gender, now it is a form of gender. It is a form that underscores both the centrality of ever more particular configurations of gender in psychic life and the increasing embeddedness of personal identities in social institutions.

scholarly journals Model Penanggulangan Bencana Berbasis Sinergi Modal Sosial Dan Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Di Kabupaten Konawe Sultra

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sulsalman Moita ◽  
Damsid ◽  
Syaifuddin Suhri Kasim ◽  
Sarmadan
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
And Function ◽  
Post Disaster

AbstractDisaster management strategies that occur in each region, position the role and function of the Regional Disaster Management Agency as the institution most responsible for the provision of facilities and distribution of resources needed both before the occurrence of disasters and post-disaster. In fact, disaster management through government policies is generally not optimal, so other approaches are needed, such as the synergy approach of social capital and local wisdom values. The study was conducted in Konawe District with the aim of: 1) examining the problem of disaster management in the perspective of local government policy, 2) reviewing alternative models of disaster management based on synergy of social capital and local wisdom values. This study used a qualitative approach to the design of case studies in three villages that had experienced disasters. Data was collected using interviews, observations, and document studies. Research informants included district government officials, sub-district heads, village heads, community leaders, and community members. Data analysis using interactive qualitative analysis methods. The results of the research show that: 1) Problems in disaster management through government policy are not optimal stages of rescue and evacuation, fulfillment of basic needs, and recovery of public infrastructure and facilities; 2) The model of disaster management based on synergy of social capital and local wisdom values focuses on strengthening elements of social capital such as mutual trust, reciprocity, social norms, and social networking both during disasters and post-disaster with the support of local wisdom values sourced from social institutions from generations.   Strategi penanggulangan bencana yang terjadi di setiap daerah, memposisikan peran dan fungsi Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah sebagai institusi yang paling bertanggungjawab dalam penyediaan fasilitas dan distribusi sumber daya yang diperlukan baik sebelum terjadinya bencana maupun pasca bencana. Faktanya, manajemen penanggulangan bencana melalui kebijakan pemerintah pada umumnya belum optimal, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan lain seperti pendekatan sinergi modal sosial dan nilainilai kearifan lokal. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Konawe bertujuan: 1) mengkaji problematika manajemen penanggulangan bencana dalam perspektif kebijakan pemerintah daerah, 2) mengkaji alternatif model penanggulangan bencana berbasis sinergi modal sosial dan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus pada tiga desa yang pernah mengalami bencana. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara, pengamatan, dan studi dokumen. Informan penelitian mencakup aparat pemerintah kabupaten, camat, kepala desa, tokoh masyarakat, dan warga masyarakat. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis kualitatf interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Problematika manajemen penanggulangan bencana melalui kebijakan Pemerintah adalah belum optimalnya tahapan penyelamatan dan evakuasi, pemenuhan kebutuhan dasar, dan pemulihan prasarana dan sarana umum; 2) Model penanggulangan bencana berbasis sinergi modal sosial dan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal memfokuskan pada penguatan elemen-elemen modal sosial seperti mutual trust, reciprocity, social norms, dan social networking baik pada saat terjadinya bencana maupun pasca bencana dengan dukungan nilainilai kearifan lokal yang bersumber dari pranata sosial secara turun temurun.

Dynamics of social influence: an evolutionary approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-145
Author(s):  
Maryam Dilmaghani
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social

Purpose – The paper aims to propose an analytical framework for social influence and mathematical formulation for its main components: conformity and peer-pressure. The framework is conceived to explain why certain behaviours and beliefs propagate in a society and some others disappear. It can also be used to study the emergence and the evolution of the status of the norms in terms of their adoption by the population. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is theoretical, making use of economic quantitative methods. The author proposes a new formulation for the evolutionary dynamics, increasingly borrowed by social scientists. Then, mathematically treating the equation, the author draws general conclusions in form of lemmas, which are proved. Findings – The author's main contribution is to show that even behavioural rules and beliefs that emerge in a minority subset of the population, do not procure any benefit for the agents adopting them can under certain conditions, evolve into the consensus of a society, become a norm. Research limitations/implications – More general conclusion (theorems and lemmas) could be stated and proved. But given that the main contribution of the paper is to the fields of social and behavioural economics, along a number of disciplines less mathematical than economics, the author kept the analysis that required fairy advance mathematics for later. Practical implications – The paper contributes to the evolutionary game theory, evolution of preferences, and evolution of beliefs and social norms. More precisely, the equation proposed in the paper can be used in the contexts the patterns of heterogeneity in a population are affected or caused by social influence. Or in the contexts, the social institutions are susceptible to affect an agent's sense of identity (e.g. voting, fashion industry, marketing). Originality/value – In this paper, for the first time, a mathematical formulation is proposed for the social influence and its main psychological components (conformity and status seeking). Using the above, the author proposed a new parametric fitness function for the evolutionary dynamics. The author believes the paper matters to a multidisciplinary public. It answers a question that challenged and puzzled the economists (as well other social scientists): the reasons behind the emergence and the prevalence of social norms do not positively contribute to the utility or payoff of the agents adopting them (and at times they are costly).

“I Consider Myself an Empowered Woman”: The Interaction of Sport, Gender and Disability in the Lives of Wheelchair Basketball Players

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Athletic Identity ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wheelchair Basketball ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Disability Sport ◽  
Integral Role ◽  
Complex Relationships

This research, involving interviews with elite female wheelchair basketball players, explores how gender and disability intersect in the lives of these athletes. Interviews revealed the integral role athletic identity plays to offset the stigma of disability in their self-identities and in the complex relationships each has with social norms in regard to gender, disability, sport and the body. However, social institutions, including that of adapted sport, reinforce an ableist, sexist ideology that persistently marginalizes these athletes.

scholarly journals Ethos Conception of Bioethics Development in Resolution of Moral Dilemmas

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
T. A. Sidorova
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Norms And Values

The article presents bioethics as a field of social practices containing adaptation of new moral and social norms. The regulatory function of bioethics ensures this process and leads to institutionalization. The traditional position has been criticized. It reduces the institutions of bioethics to ethical committees. Social institutions are explained in an ideational way as a system of norms and values. Ethoses are shown as primary social structures in the development of institutions. The solution of dilemmas is illustrated by the example of transplantology.

Postscript: But I Have a Right!

1999 ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Beth J. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
Traditional Concept

This postscript provides answers to the criticisms and questions to the author's previous book, summarizing the features of the theory presented in this volume. In characterizing rights as social institutions rather than as inherent traits of essential human nature, the author rejects the traditional concept of “natural rights.” The author argues that, where a right is operative, every member of the community has both the entitlement and the correlative obligation that make that entitlement a matter of right. Rights and their correlative obligations are social imperatives; they must be mandated by a community's social norms. Therefore, one who does not belong to a community in which a given set of rights-norms is operative would “not have” that right.

Negotiating LGBTQ rights in Singapore: The margin as a place of refusal

Urban Studies ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 004209802096293
Author(s):  
Kamalini Ramdas
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Single Identity ◽  
Identity Category ◽  
City State ◽  
The City

The complex diversity of urban life in cities is often the cause of social friction but it can also spark change. Densely populated cities are places where individuals find community but they are also places where some communities become marginalised and excluded. In the city-state of Singapore community-based activism is an important strategy for minority groups claiming a right to their place in the city. Conceptualising the margin as a place of refusal, the paper focuses on how Singapore’s LGBTQ communities have contested and negotiated from their place at the margins of the city-state, calling into question the Singapore State’s hegemonic narratives of family and community for heteronormative nation-building. These contestations have resulted in strategies that both adopt and elide individual rights-based narratives that have centred primarily on the repeal of Section 377A of Singapore’s penal code. While the repeal of 377A remains critical, the paper focuses on three examples of Sayoni’s community advocacy, Pink Dot and education, which extend the discourse beyond the issue of repeal, and the single identity category of sexuality. Even as the fight for repeal continues, LGBTQ subjects are resisting, negotiating and advocating against violence, discrimination and making space for love and community in ways that co-opt and destabilise social norms in Singapore, thus occupying the margin as a place of radical openness.

scholarly journals Spontaneous order and social norms. Hayek’s theory of socio-cultural evolution

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Péter Gedeon
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Methodological Individualism ◽  
Invisible Hand ◽  
Spontaneous Order ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Market Order ◽  
Social Basis

Hayek’s theory of socio-cultural evolution is a generalization of his theory on spontaneous market order. Hayek explains both the emergence of market and social institutions serving as a social basis for that order within the framework of a unified evolutionary logic. This logic interprets the emergence and survival of spontaneous order and group-level rules of conduct as an unintended consequence of human action. In order to explain the emergence of social norms exclusively on the basis of methodological individualism, one would have to give up an exclusively evolutionary explanation of these norms. Since Hayek applies the invisible-hand explanation to the investigation of social norms, he combines the position of methodological individualism with functionalist-evolutionary arguments in his analysis. Hayek’s theory of socio-cultural evolution represents a theory in the framework of which methodological individualism and functionalism do not crowd out but complement each other.

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