Auditory Driving in Cinematic Art

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn G. Boltz
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Auditory Dominance ◽  
Perceptual Systems ◽  
Methodological Strategy ◽  
Auditory Rate

Although the visual modality often dominates the auditory one, one exception occurs in the presence of tempo discrepancies between the two perceptual systems: variations in auditory rate typically have a greater influence on perceived visual rate than vice versa. This phenomenon, termed “auditory driving,” is investigated here through certain techniques used in cinematic art. Experiments 1 and 2 relied on montages (slideshows) of still photos accompanied by musical selections in which the perceived rate of one modality was assessed through a recognition task while the rate of the other modality was systematically varied. A similar methodological strategy was used in Experiments 3 and 4 in which film excerpts of various moving objects were accompanied by the sounds they typically produce. In both cases, auditory dominance was observed, which has implications at both a theoretical and applied level.

PROTECTION OF CREDITORS IN THE EXECUTION FIDUCIARY GUARANTEE KENDARAAN MOTOR CREDIT

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Nurwati SH., MH.
Keyword(s):  
Moving Objects ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Credit Guarantees ◽  
Legal Security ◽  
Debt Collection ◽  
The Right ◽  
Direct Execution

ABSTRACTFiduciary security is legal security over on moving objects both tangible and intangible, and building or a house on the land belong to someone else, either registered or not, which cannot be burdened with mortgage rights that keep in control of the fiduciary as collateral of debt repayment. If debtor as Fiduciary giver to be insolvent, so the creditor is entitled to have the fiduciary mentioned. For repayment of the debtor and the creditor in this case is called the right separatists.  There are many direct execution in banking practice about the object credit that are not perfect bound of guarantees or not through the insurance agency. Execution is doing by creditors, which debtor accompanied or not, or the object credit guarantees owner. Execution is done by regular sales or through creditor takeover.  Protection of creditors interest doing by giving legal aspects of registration precedes rights while providing executorial title for the fiduciary receivers benefit, on the other hand, the registration arrangements for certain objects that are not listed cause haziness opportunities of law implementation if it isnot done by carefully and clearly. To protect creditors interests, at the time of the debtor defaults, so that creditors as apreferential rights receiver in debt collection and as legal evidence, so warehouse receipts guarantee that the debtor should be given the imposition of bail.Key: Execution, Fiduciary, Creditors, Debtors

scholarly journals Stimulus Onset Modulates Auditory and Visual Dominance

Vision ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Margeaux Ciraolo ◽  
Samantha O’Hanlon ◽  
Christopher Robinson ◽  
Scott Sinnett
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Visual Dominance ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Variable Stimulus ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Auditory Dominance ◽  
Sensory Dominance

Investigations of multisensory integration have demonstrated that, under certain conditions, one modality is more likely to dominate the other. While the direction of this relationship typically favors the visual modality, the effect can be reversed to show auditory dominance under some conditions. The experiments presented here use an oddball detection paradigm with variable stimulus timings to test the hypothesis that a stimulus that is presented earlier will be processed first and therefore contribute to sensory dominance. Additionally, we compared two measures of sensory dominance (slowdown scores and error rate) to determine whether the type of measure used can affect which modality appears to dominate. When stimuli were presented asynchronously, analysis of slowdown scores and error rates yielded the same result; for both the 1- and 3-button versions of the task, participants were more likely to show auditory dominance when the auditory stimulus preceded the visual stimulus, whereas evidence for visual dominance was observed as the auditory stimulus was delayed. In contrast, for the simultaneous condition, slowdown scores indicated auditory dominance, whereas error rates indicated visual dominance. Overall, these results provide empirical support for the hypothesis that the modality that engages processing first is more likely to show dominance, and suggest that more explicit measures of sensory dominance may favor the visual modality.

scholarly journals Better to Be Alone than in Bad Company: Cognate Synonyms Impair Word Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Eneko Antón ◽  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
L2 Acquisition ◽  
New Words ◽  
L2 Word Learning ◽  
Concrete Concepts ◽  
Better Than

The effects of cognate synonymy in L2 word learning are explored. Participants learned the names of well-known concrete concepts in a new fictional language following a picture-word association paradigm. Half of the concepts (set A) had two possible translations in the new language (i.e., both words were synonyms): one was a cognate in participants’ L1 and the other one was not. The other half of the concepts (set B) had only one possible translation in the new language, a non-cognate word. After learning the new words, participants’ memory was tested in a picture-word matching task and a translation recognition task. In line with previous findings, our results clearly indicate that cognates are much easier to learn, as we found that the cognate translation was remembered much better than both its non-cognate synonym and the non-cognate from set B. Our results also seem to suggest that non-cognates without cognate synonyms (set B) are better learned than non-cognates with cognate synonyms (set A). This suggests that, at early stages of L2 acquisition, learning a cognate would produce a poorer acquisition of its non-cognate synonym, as compared to a solely learned non-cognate. These results are discussed in the light of different theories and models of bilingual mental lexicon.

scholarly journals Description of Routes in People With Intellectual Disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Courbois ◽  
Hursula Mengue-Topio ◽  
Mark Blades ◽  
Emily K. Farran ◽  
Pascal Sockeel
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Spatial Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Description ◽  
Learning Criterion ◽  
Landmark Recognition ◽  
Mental Age ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Description Task

Abstract The ability to describe routes was assessed in participants with intellectual disability (ID) and participants without ID matched on chronological age (CA) or on mental age (MA). In two experiments, participants learned a route through a virtual environment until they reached a learning criterion. They were then asked to externalize their spatial knowledge in a verbal description task, a landmark recognition task, or a map completion task. Results revealed that participants with ID mainly described the route as a succession of actions (“turn left”), and participants in the CA group prescribed actions referring to a landmark (“turn left at the swing”). Yet, results from the other tasks showed that people with ID had good landmark knowledge of the environment.

Real-time cooperative interaction between structured-light and reflectance ranging for robot guidance

Robotica ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest W. Kent ◽  
Thomas Wheatley ◽  
Marilyn Nashman
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Structured Light ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cooperative Interaction ◽  
Complex Objects ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Log Linear

SUMMARYWhen applied to rapidly moving objects with complex trajectories, the information-rate limitation imposed by video-camera frame rates impairs the effectiveness of structured-light techniques in real-time robot servoing. To improve the performance of such systems, the use of fast infra-red proximity detectors to augment visual guidance in the final phase of target acquisition was explored. It was found that this approach was limited by the necessity of employing a different range/intensity calibration curve for the proximity detectors for every object and for every angle of approach to complex objects. Consideration of the physics of the detector process suggested that a single log-linear parametric family could describe all such calibration curves, and this was confirmed by experiment. From this result, a technique was devised for cooperative interaction between modalities, in which the vision sense provided on-the-fly determination of calibration parameters for the proximity detectors, for every approach to a target, before passing control of the system to the other modality. This technique provided a three hundred percent increase in useful manipulator velocity, and improved performance during the transition of control from one modality to the other.

scholarly journals The apparent velocity and acceleration of relativistically moving objects

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-660
Author(s):  
Austen Berlet ◽  
Dennis G.C. McKeon ◽  
Farrukh Chishtie ◽  
Martin Houde
Keyword(s):  
Special Relativity ◽  
Moving Objects ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Velocity ◽  
Constant Acceleration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Velocity Of Light ◽  
Curious Feature

Although special relativity limits the actual velocity of a particle to the velocity of light, c, the observed velocity need not be the same as the actual velocity, as the observer is only aware of the position of a particle at the time in the past when it emitted the detected signal. We consider the apparent speed and acceleration of a particle in two cases, one when the particle is moving with a constant speed and the other when it is moving with a constant acceleration. One curious feature of our results is that in both cases, if the actual velocity of the particle approaches c, then the apparent velocity approaches infinity when it is moving toward the observer and c/2 when it is moving away from the observer.

Perception in Sport: Basketball

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fran Allard ◽  
Sheree Graham ◽  
Maret E. Paarsalu
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basketball Players

Performance of basketball players and nonplayers was compared on a task requiring the recall of slides of basketball games after a 4-second view of each slide. All slides viewed depicted basketball games; one half of the slides contained structured game information (slide represented an offensive play in progress) and the other half of the slides showed unstructured game information (slide represented a turnover or rebound). As has been found for skilled chess, bridge, and Go players, basketball players were superior to nonplayers in recall for structured slides only. Furthermore, players were superior to nonplayers in a recognition task for both structured and unstructured slides, showing that players' superiority in the experimental tasks is a function of encoding information to a deeper level than nonplayers.

scholarly journals Effects of Phonological Consistency and Semantic Radical Combinability on N170 and P200 in the Reading of Chinese Phonograms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hsien Hsu ◽  
Ya-Ning Wu ◽  
Chia-Ying Lee
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Semantic Radical ◽  
Character Reading ◽  
High Consistency ◽  
The Right ◽  
Phonological Consistency

Studies have suggested that visually presented words are obligatorily decomposed into constituents that could be mapped to language representations. The present study aims to elucidate how orthographic processing of one constituent affects the other and vice versa during a word recognition task. Chinese orthographic system has characters representing syllables and meanings instead of suffixation roles, and the majority of Chinese characters are phonograms that can be further decomposed into phonetic radical and semantic radical. We propose that semantic radical combinability indexed by semantic radicals and the effect of phonological consistency indexed by phonetic radicals would interact with each other during the reading of Chinese phonograms. Twenty-six right-handed native Chinese speakers were recruited to the study. Participants were presented with phonograms divided into four conditions following their semantic radical combinability (large vs. small) and phonological consistency (high vs. low). EEG signals were recorded throughout the covert naming task. Our results show that there is an interaction effect between phonological consistency and semantic radical combinability on the right hemisphere N170 activity while reading phonograms. Semantic radical combinability influenced the right hemisphere N170 during the process of low-consistency character reading but not high-consistency character reading. On the other hand, the left hemisphere N170 revealed a more significant activity during reading high-consistency characters and was not affected by radical combinability. In addition, while low-consistency characters revealed a larger P200 than high-consistency characters, the semantic radical combinability effect on P200 was only significant when participants were reading high-consistency characters but not low-consistency characters. These results provide new information about how ERPs are involved in word recognition within the context of interaction among orthographic and phonological dimensions.

scholarly journals Differences in word learning: bilingualism or linguistic experience?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Borragan ◽  
Angela de Bruin ◽  
Viktoria Havas ◽  
Ruth de Diego-Balaguer ◽  
Mila Dimitrova Vulchanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Linguistic Competence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Similar Performance ◽  
Better Than

AbstractBilinguals may be better than monolinguals at word learning due to their increased experience with language learning. In addition, bilinguals that have languages that are orthotactically different could be more used to dissimilar orthotactic patterns. The current study examines how bilinguals with languages that are orthotactically similar and dissimilar and monolinguals learn novel words that violate or respect the orthotactic legality of the languages they know and how this learning may be affected by the similarity between the bilinguals’ two languages. In Experiment 1, three groups of children were tested: monolinguals, Spanish-Basque bilinguals (dissimilar orthotactic languages), and Spanish-Catalan bilinguals (similar orthotactic languages). After an initial word learning phase, they were tested in a recall task and a recognition task. Results showed that Spanish-Basque bilingual children performed differently than the other two groups. While Spanish monolinguals and Spanish-Catalan bilinguals recognized illegal words worse than legal words, Spanish-Basque bilinguals showed equal performance in learning illegal and legal patterns. A replication study conducted with two new groups of Spanish-Basque children (one group with high Basque proficiency and one group with a lower proficiency) indicated that the effects were not driven by the proficiency in the second language since a similar performance on legal and illegal patterns was observed in both groups. In Experiment 2, two groups of adults, monolinguals and Spanish-Basque bilinguals, were tested with the same task used in Experiment 1. The effect seen in children seems to be absent in adults. Spanish-Basque bilingual adults showed better overall learning performance than monolinguals, irrespective of the illegality of the items. Differences between groups could be due to the effect of having acquired literacy and linguistic competence.

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