The Influence of Rate and Accentuation on Subjective Rhythmization

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Ève Poudrier
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Signal Rate ◽  
Online Experimentation ◽  
Mixed Metric

The parsing of undifferentiated tone sequences into groups of qualitatively distinct elements is one of the earliest rhythmic phenomena to have been investigated experimentally (Bolton, 1894). The present study aimed to replicate and extend these findings through online experimentation using a spontaneous grouping paradigm with forced-choice response (from 1 to 12 tones per group). Two types of isochronous sequences were used: equitone sequences, which varied only with respect to signal rate (200, 550, or 950 ms interonset intervals), and accented sequences, in which accents were added every two or three tones to test the effect of induced grouping (duple vs. triple) and accent type (intensity, duration, or pitch). In equitone sequences, participants’ grouping percepts (N = 4,194) were asymmetrical and tempo-dependent, with “no grouping” and groups of four being most frequently reported. In accented sequences, slower rate, induced triple grouping, and intensity accents correlated with increases in group length. Furthermore, the probability of observing a mixed metric type—that is, grouping percepts divisible by both two and three (6 and 12)—was found to be highest in faster sequences with induced triple grouping. These findings suggest that lower-level triple grouping gives rise to binary grouping percepts at higher metrical levels.

1.2 Method of constant stimuli (Method of frequency) By the Method of Frequency the stimulus range is selected in discrete intervals so that the frequency of positive answers is distributed over the range between 1% and 99%. In general, the frequency of positive res­ ponses either for an individual or for a group, is cumulatively normally distributed over a geometric intensity continuum. The absolute odor thre­ shold can then be defined as the effective dose corresponding to an arbi­ trarily selected frequency of positive responses, ordinarily 50% : ED^: Effective dose at the 50% level. 3.1.3 Signal detection The Signal Detection principle is a determination of the relation­ ship between hits and false alarms. In determining signal detectability, a stimulus or a few stimuli are presented in random order, alternating with noise. Since sensory impressions resulting frcm the presentation of stimulus versus noise are assumed to be normally distributed over the same intensity continuum and to have the same dispersion, the index of detectability d' for p (hits) minus p (false) indicates the extent to which the two distributions overlap. 3.2 Indication of response 3.2.1 "Yes" or "no" response In the classical evaluation yes-no answers are dependent on the sub­ jects1 honesty and motivation among other factors. However, yes-no ans­ wers may be evaluated if they are presented a sufficiently large number of times alternating with blanks. 3.2.2 forced choice technique One method of controlling response perseveration and otter antici­ pation factors is to use a forced choice response indication based on two or more response categories. In the measurement of odors the panelist has to report the temporal position of positive stimuli in a series of randan blanks. If the concentration is below the threshold, the test sub­ jects will guess. As the odorant concentration will increase, the rela­ tive cumulative frequency for identification of the correct sample will be greater. In order to determine the relative odor recognition a cor­ rection must be made. 3.3 Size of stimulus intervals 3.3.1 Concentration intervals In selecting the stimulus continuum in threshold determination, the relation between just noticeable difference in relation to the intensity of stimuli is of interest. In accordance with Weber's law this quotient is assumed to be a constant. Therefore it would appear best to determine absolute thresholds on an intensity continuum in the form of a gecxnetric progression. 3.2.2 Time intervals Because of adaptation processes the exposure time until reaching a decision should be limited. Also the interval between two stimuli must be observed.

1986 ◽  
pp. 71-71
Keyword(s):  
Signal Detection ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Stimulus Range ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Temporal Position ◽  
Normally Distributed

scholarly journals Combining Visual Contrast Information with Sound Can Produce Faster Decisions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Dresp-Langley ◽  
Marie Monfouga
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Sound Frequency ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Probability Summation ◽  
Visual Contrast ◽  
Contrast Information ◽  
The Right

Pieron's and Chocholle’s seminal psychophysical work predicts that human response time to information relative to visual contrast and/or sound frequency decreases when contrast intensity or sound frequency increases. The goal of this study is to bring to the fore the ability of individuals to use visual contrast intensity and sound frequency in combination for faster perceptual decisions of relative depth (“nearer”) in planar (2D) object configurations on the basis of physical variations in luminance contrast. Computer controlled images with two abstract patterns of varying contrast intensity, one on the left and one on the right, preceded or not by a pure tone of varying frequency, were shown to healthy young humans in controlled experimental sequences. Their task (two-alternative forced-choice) was to decide as quickly as possible which of two patterns, the left or the right one, in a given image appeared to “stand out as if it were nearer” in terms of apparent (subjective) visual depth. The results show that the combinations of varying relative visual contrast with sounds of varying frequency exploited here produced an additive effect on choice response times in terms of facilitation, where a stronger visual contrast combined with a higher sound frequency produced shorter forced-choice response times. This new effect is predicted by cross-modal audio-visual probability summation.

scholarly journals Can High-Dimensional Questionnaires Resolve the Ipsativity Issue of Forced-Choice Response Formats?

2020 ◽  
pp. 001316442093486
Author(s):  
Niklas Schulte ◽  
Heinz Holling ◽  
Paul-Christian Bürkner
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Scoring Methods ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Irt Models ◽  
Response Formats ◽  
Response Biases ◽  
Very High

Forced-choice questionnaires can prevent faking and other response biases typically associated with rating scales. However, the derived trait scores are often unreliable and ipsative, making interindividual comparisons in high-stakes situations impossible. Several studies suggest that these problems vanish if the number of measured traits is high. To determine the necessary number of traits under varying sample sizes, factor loadings, and intertrait correlations, simulations were performed for the two most widely used scoring methods, namely the classical (ipsative) approach and Thurstonian item response theory (IRT) models. Results demonstrate that while especially Thurstonian IRT models perform well under ideal conditions, both methods yield insufficient reliabilities in most conditions resembling applied contexts. Moreover, not only the classical estimates but also the Thurstonian IRT estimates for questionnaires with equally keyed items remain (partially) ipsative, even when the number of traits is very high (i.e., 30). This result not only questions earlier assumptions regarding the use of classical scores in high-dimensional questionnaires, but it also raises doubts about many validation studies on Thurstonian IRT models because correlations of (partially) ipsative scores with external criteria cannot be interpreted in a usual way.

FACTORS AFFECTING FORCED-CHOICE RESPONSE

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDE J. BARTLETT
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Factors Affecting

Levenson's Locus of Control Scale: An Alternative Scaling Format

1983 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 824-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. Stanley ◽  
G. J. Hyman ◽  
C. S. Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Control Scale

A comparison of forced-choice response format with the usual Likert-type scale for the 1974 Levenson Locus of Control Scale indicates the alternative Yes/No format is sufficiently similar to be considered. This alternative is significantly correlated ( r = .55 to .77) with the original, for all subscales ( ns = 117 men, 66 women, 17 to 21 yr. old).

scholarly journals Combining Visual Contrast Information with Sound Can Produce Faster Decisions

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Dresp-Langley ◽  
Marie Monfouga
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Luminance Contrast ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Sound Frequency ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Relative Depth ◽  
Probability Summation ◽  
Visual Contrast ◽  
Contrast Information ◽  
The Right

Pieron’s and Chocholle’s seminal psychophysical work predicts that human response time to information relative to visual contrast and/or sound frequency decreases when contrast intensity or sound frequency increases. The goal of this study is to bring to the forefront the ability of individuals to use visual contrast intensity and sound frequency in combination for faster perceptual decisions of relative depth (“nearer”) in planar (2D) object configurations based on physical variations in luminance contrast. Computer controlled images with two abstract patterns of varying contrast intensity, one on the left and one on the right, preceded or not by a pure tone of varying frequency, were shown to healthy young humans in controlled experimental sequences. Their task (two-alternative, forced-choice) was to decide as quickly as possible which of two patterns, the left or the right one, in a given image appeared to “stand out as if it were nearer” in terms of apparent (subjective) visual depth. The results showed that the combinations of varying relative visual contrast with sounds of varying frequency exploited here produced an additive effect on choice response times in terms of facilitation, where a stronger visual contrast combined with a higher sound frequency produced shorter forced-choice response times. This new effect is predicted by audio-visual probability summation.

A Comparison of Unidimensionality and Measurement Precision of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Grosz ◽  
Wilco H. M. Emons ◽  
Eunike Wetzel ◽  
Marius Leckelt ◽  
William J. Chopik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Measurement Precision ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Format ◽  
Response Models ◽  
Item Response Models ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Scale Response ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Inventory

The current study compares the closeness to unidimensionality (CU) and measurement precision (MP) of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI)—with either a pairwise forced-choice or 5-point Likert-type scale response format—to the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire (NARQ). Minimum rank factor analysis and item information curves from item response models were utilized. The results mainly confirmed our expectations that NPI subscales are lower in CU and MP compared with NARQ subscales when the NPI was administered with its traditional forced-choice response format. When the NPI was administered with a 5-point Likert-type scale response format, the NPI subscale Leadership/Authority and NPI Grandiose Exhibitionism showed similarly high levels of CU and MP as the two NARQ subscales. While the NPI subscale Entitlement/Exploitativeness had a higher CU than the NARQ subscales it showed considerably lower levels of MP.

scholarly journals How to Use Item Desirability Ratings in Constructing Forced-Choice Tests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Pavlov ◽  
Dexin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Applicant Faking ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
The Individual

The forced-choice response format has been proposed as a method for preventing applicant faking on self-report non-cognitive measures. This potential benefit of the format depends on how closely the items comprising each forced-choice block are matched in terms of desirability for the job. Current desirability matching procedures rely on differences in items’ mean desirability ratings to quantify similarity in items’ desirability. We argue that relying on means, while ignoring individual differences in desirability ratings, may yield inaccurate similarity values and result in inferior item matches. As an alternative, we propose a distance-based measure that considers differences in desirability ratings at the individual level and may thus yield accurate similarity values and optimal matches. We support our arguments on a set of desirability ratings obtained with an explicit instruction to rate desirability of items.

EVALUATION OF TWO FORCED-CHOICE RESPONSE FORMATS

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. K. WATERS ◽  
R. J. WHERRY
Keyword(s):  
Forced Choice ◽  
Choice Response ◽  
Response Formats
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