INCIDENCE AND RATE OF APPEARANCE AND DISAPPEARANCE OF ANTIGONADOTROPHIN IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PREGNANT MARES' SERUM GONADOTROPHIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S235-S242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erling Østergaard
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Continuous Therapy ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intensive Courses ◽  
Blood Specimens

ABSTRACT Thirty-eight patients with amenorrhoea were treated with repeated series of injections of pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin + human chorionic gonadotrophin. Each course consisted of 5 injections of 1500 IU or 3000 IU of serum gonadotrophin, Antex®, followed by 3 injections of 1500 IU or 3000 IU of chorionic gonadotrophin, Physex®, If required, this treatment was repeated at a few months' intervals, in some cases up to 5 times. After each course, the blood was studied for the presence of antigonadotrophin to Antex. Blood specimens were drawn in all cases 21 days after the last injection of Antex. Antigonadotrophin was found to be present in one out of 15 patients after the 1st course, in 8 out of 20 after the 2nd course, in 13 of 16 after the 3rd, and in 6 of 6 patients after the 4th and 5th courses. Progonadotrophic activity was demonstrated in the blood of 6 patients after the 1st course, in 4 after the 2nd course, and in one on the 10th day after the 3rd course. In 6 cases blood samples were obtained also immediately before, during and immediately after the treatment. Three showed, during the 3rd, 4th and 5th course respectively, antigonadotrophin in the blood even before the last injection of Antex. These courses were ineffective, and no patient got menstrual bleeding as a result of the 4th or 5th course. Some patients developed bleeding after the 3rd treatment, although antigonadotrophin was demonstrated in the blood on the 21st day. In these cases the antigonadotrophin presumably did not form until the injections of Antex had exerted their effect. The antigonadotrophin occurring during these therapeutic courses inactivates only serum gonadotrophin and limits effective treatment by this gonadotrophin to about 4 weeks in continuous therapy and to 3 of the brief, intensive courses employed in the present series. Apart from this, the formation of this antigonadotrophin did not have harmful consequences. It disappears from the blood within a period of a few months, occasionally up to about a year, and it does not prevent subsequent treatment with human pituitary gonadotrophin from being effective.

Therapeutic use of gonadotrophins and clomiphene

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The three substances now used to stimulate the gonads in infertility are human follicle stimulating hormone (HFSH) obtained mainly from post-menopausal urine, but also from human pituitary glands, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) extracted from the urine of pregnant women, and clomiphene (Clomid - Merrell), a synthetic compound which we reviewed in 1967.1

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ASSAY OF HUMAN URINARY FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE BY THE AUGMENTATION TEST IN MICE

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. BROWN ◽  
M. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) content of urinary gonadotrophic extracts was assayed by its effect on the ovarian weight of immature mice when given in conjunction with 40 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin. About three-quarters of all routine assays gave values of λ between 0·15 and 0·30. Precision was slightly increased when the material was given in three rather than in five injections. Correction of ovarian weight for body weight was either invalid or of no value in reducing variance. Removal of between-litter variance increased precision considerably. Mice of three randomly bred colonies were all satisfactory, and inbred C57BL mice were also suitable for the assay. C3H mice were less sensitive. The efficiency of different methods of extracting FSH from urine was examined. The method of Johnsen (1958) using precipitation with tannic acid was considered the most satisfactory and gave extracts of high potency and low bulk. Limited experiments in which purified human pituitary FSH was assayed with and without added luteinizing hormone, gave results compatible with the assumption that the method is specific for FSH.

IMMUNOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE URINE OF FERTILE AND POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN AND ADULT MEN

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Wide ◽  
Carl Gemzell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Inhibition Reaction

ABSTRACT An immunological method to assay human pituitary luteinizing hormone (HPLH) in urine is described. It is based on the fact that HPLH crossreacts with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in an haemagglutination inhibition reaction between HCG-coated blood cells and rabbit HCG-antisera. During the menstrual cycle the excretion of HPLH reached a peak of 200–400 U per liter at the time of ovulation. In the urine of post-menopausal women the concentration of HPLH was between 100 and 400 U per liter. In the urine of adult men the concentration of HPLH was between 50 and 160 U per liter.

CORPUS LUTEUM ACTIVITY AND PROSTAGLANDIN LEVELS AFTER PARTURITION IN COWS WITH RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE MATTON ◽  
VICTOR ADELAKOUN ◽  
JACQUES DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Previous results have shown that progesterone levels were higher on the day of parturition in cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) than in cows with normal calving, suggesting incomplete lysis of the corpus luteum (CL). This experiment was performed to evaluate the activity of the CL and the level of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) in RFM cows. Cows with RFM or those calving normally (NC) were ovariectomized 12–14 h after parturition. Blood samples were taken from the caudal and utero-ovarian veins. Slices of CL were incubated with or without human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) medium for 3 h. Plasma progesterone was higher in both the caudal and utero-ovarian veins of RFM cows than in those of NC cows (1.12 ± 0.25 vs. 0.62 ± 0.08 ng mL−1 and 2.4 ± 0.3 vs. 1.44 ± 0.33 ng mL−1, respectively). PGFM was also significantly higher in RFM cows (3.62 ± 0.19 vs. 2.55 ± 0.15 ng mL−1). Progesterone production by CL slices from both types of cows, incubated without hCG, was similar (65 ± 4.2 vs. 73 ± 5.1 μg g−1); with hCG, however, the progesterone production by the CL of RFM cows was 186.3 ± 10.7 μg g−1, 75.7 μg g−1 more than in CL of cows with normal calving. These results support the hypothesis of an incomplete luteolysis of the CL in RFM cows in spite of hieher levels of PGF2α. Key words: Corpus luteum activity, progesterone, prostaglandin, postpartum cows, retained placenta

IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS REACTION BETWEEN HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND HUMAN PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robyn ◽  
P. O. Hubinont ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Specific Antisera ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Immunological Cross Reaction

ABSTRACT Immunologically mono-specific antisera prepared against human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) preparations completely neutralized in vitro as well as in vivo the luteinizing hormone (LH) and also the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) activity of both human hypophyseal gonadotrophin (HHG) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparations.

BIOASSAY OF ANTIGONADOTROPHIC SERA

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robyn ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
High Specific Activity ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
Quantitative Manner

ABSTRACT Methods are described for the bioassay of the human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) neutralising potency of antigonadotrophic sera. The methods are based on a modified ovarian weight augmentation test using human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) or luteinising hormone (LH) of ovine origin for augmentation. The antigonadotrophic sera were obtained following immunisation of rabbits with HCG, human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and human hypophysial gonadotrophin (HHG) preparations. The FSH neutralising potencies of these antisera were assayed against laboratory standard preparations of HMG and HHG and against the Second International Reference Preparation of HMG. When HCG was used for augmentation, the FSH neutralising potency of antisera depended on the sequence in which HCG, HMG and antiserum were combined. When HCG was mixed with the antiserum prior to the addition of HMG, this resulted in a significant decrease in the FSH neutralising potency. When HCG was injected separately from the HMG-antiserum complex, the FSH neutralising potency increased. However, the FSH neutralising potency of all antisera was significantly higher when LH of ovine origin, rather than HCG was used for augmentation. Anti-HCG sera exhibited a considerable FSH neutralising potency, even when prepared by immunisation with HCG preparations of high specific activity. These high FSH neutralising potencies were in contrast to the low FSH activity of the HCG preparations used for immunisation. Anti-HMG sera possessed little, if any, FSH neutralising potency. These poor FSH neutralising potencies were in contrast to the high FSH activity of the HMG preparations used for immunisation. The FSH neutralising potency of an anti-HHG serum was at least 5 times higher when assayed against HMG, than when assayed against HHG. The data presented indicate that HCG preparations extensively compete with FSH preparations for antibodies neutralising FSH activity. This suggests that there is a cross reaction between HCG and FSH. The data also indicate, that there are significant differences in the antigenic properties of human pituitary and urinary gonadotrophins. It is concluded, that the establishment of specificity of immunoassay methods for human gonadotrophins cannot be based exclusively on immunological evidence. Also, the absorption procedures used to improve the specificity of antigens and antisera are of limited value, unless carried out in a strictly quantitative manner following the establishment of the profile of the gonadotrophic and antigonadotrophic activities present.

PLASMA DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE IN NORMAL ADULT MALES AND ITS RELATION TO TESTOSTERONE

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. Pirke ◽  
Peter Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Free Ligand ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Close Parallelism

ABSTRACT A radioimmunoassay for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in plasma was developed using an antiserum raised against testosterone-3-oxime-bovine-serum-albumin. After extraction of 1 ml male plasma with diethylether, DHT was separated from testosterone (T) by thin-layer chromatography. A dextran-charcoal-suspension was used for the separation of bound and free ligand. The inter-assay variability was 10.4 % (C. V.) and the detection limit 1.77 ng/100 ml. The accuracy of the method as determined by mass recoveries and the specificity were shown to be satisfactory. Normal values were obtained in 45 young to middle-aged (22–61 years) and 37 old (68–93 years) men. The median and the 95 percentiles were 20.5–51.9–76.3 (ng/100 ml) and 19.5–50.9–101.5 (ng/100 ml) respectively. While DHT did not change in old age T fell by 20.6%. DHT and T showed a significant correlation: rS = 0.426, P < 0.01 (young men), rS = 0.752, P < 0.001 (old men). After 3 daily im injections of 5000 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), DHT increased 1.50 times (range: 1.15–2.09, n = 12), T 1.86 times (range: 1.20–2.91, n = 12). After 4 daily administrations of 40 mg fluoxymesterone DHT fell to 29.6% of the control level (range: 16.0–48.2%, n = 12). Blood samples were obtained from a 24 year old man every 15 min for 24 h. A close parallelism was observed between the concentrations of DHT and T in the plasma.

Twin Pregnancies Following Induction of Ovulation: A Literature Review

1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
True Incidence ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin

A literature review of the occurrence of multiple pregnancies associated with artificial induction of ovulation is reported. This report considers three treatment schedules: (1) clomiphene citrate; (2) human pituitary gonadotrophin with human chorionic gonadotrophin; and (3) human menopausal gonadotrophin with human chorionic gonadotrophin. The majority of the increase in twinning is related to hyperstimulation of the ovary by these medications, resulting in dizygotic twinning. The true incidence of twin pregnancy cannot be calculated because the vital statistics of all nations report live birth rates. Increased rates of fetal wastage, late abortion and prematurity associated with the occurrence of multiple pregnancies are overlooked by these statistics. The increased incidence of twinning appears to be related to the type and dosage of medication used, and the patient's underlying problem.

THE EFFECT OF HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS ON THE OVARIES OF RADIOLOGICALLY CASTRATED WOMEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Lindell
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Hormone Stimulation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Five cases of irradiated cervical carcinoma have been investigated in order to see whether radiological castration completely suppresses ovarian function. After an interval of 7–8 months, and when the oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion had become stabilised at a low level, gonadotrophic hormones were given. Human pituitary follicle stimulating hormone together with human chorionic gonadotrophin were administered in adequate amounts. No effect whatever was seen on the excretion of the three oestrogen fractions investigated, or of pregnanediol. Excretion of 17-OHCS and 17-KS was also unaffected. Histological examination of the ovaries after conclusion of hormone stimulation showed completely atrophic ovaries. As seen in this investigation, the ovarian function after radiological castration is totally abolished and radiological castration produces the same effect as oophorectomy.

Decrease in serum sex hormone binding globulin during human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation in prepubertal boys

1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dunkel
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Prepubertal Boys

Abstract. Temporal relationships between steroidogenic and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) responses to hCG were studied in 27 prepubertal boys: 19 with incomplete testicular descent and 8 with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH). Nine of the boys with incomplete testicular descent were given a single im injection of hCG and blood samples were taken daily for 5 days. Six of them showed a slight decrease in SHBG concentration by day 5. All the other 18 boys were given four im injections of hCG on days 0, 4, 7 and 10. Blood was taken before each injection and on day 14. In the boys with incomplete testiscular descent SHBG concentration decreased by day 14 (P < 0.01). All the boys with HH had an impaired testosterone response to hCG, and SHBG levels did not decrease after hCG. In only 2 of these boys SHBG concentrations were > 10% below the basal by day 14. These boys, however, also had the highest testosterone responses of their group. Thus it appears that if testosterone increases in prepubertal boys, SHBG decreases.

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