PLASMA DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE IN NORMAL ADULT MALES AND ITS RELATION TO TESTOSTERONE

1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl M. Pirke ◽  
Peter Doerr
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Free Ligand ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Close Parallelism

ABSTRACT A radioimmunoassay for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in plasma was developed using an antiserum raised against testosterone-3-oxime-bovine-serum-albumin. After extraction of 1 ml male plasma with diethylether, DHT was separated from testosterone (T) by thin-layer chromatography. A dextran-charcoal-suspension was used for the separation of bound and free ligand. The inter-assay variability was 10.4 % (C. V.) and the detection limit 1.77 ng/100 ml. The accuracy of the method as determined by mass recoveries and the specificity were shown to be satisfactory. Normal values were obtained in 45 young to middle-aged (22–61 years) and 37 old (68–93 years) men. The median and the 95 percentiles were 20.5–51.9–76.3 (ng/100 ml) and 19.5–50.9–101.5 (ng/100 ml) respectively. While DHT did not change in old age T fell by 20.6%. DHT and T showed a significant correlation: rS = 0.426, P < 0.01 (young men), rS = 0.752, P < 0.001 (old men). After 3 daily im injections of 5000 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), DHT increased 1.50 times (range: 1.15–2.09, n = 12), T 1.86 times (range: 1.20–2.91, n = 12). After 4 daily administrations of 40 mg fluoxymesterone DHT fell to 29.6% of the control level (range: 16.0–48.2%, n = 12). Blood samples were obtained from a 24 year old man every 15 min for 24 h. A close parallelism was observed between the concentrations of DHT and T in the plasma.

REGULATION OF PLASMA OESTROGENS IN NORMAL ADULT MALES

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Doerr ◽  
Karl M. Pirke
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Plasma Oestradiol ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The response of plasma oestradiol (Oe2), oestrone (Oe1) and testosterone (T) to stimulation of the Leydig cells with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and to suppression with a synthetic androgen was ascertained in normal adult males. Three days after daily im injections with 5000 IU HCG, Oe2 increased from 1.93 to 5.66 ng/100 ml (mean of 12 subjects), Oe1 from 2.76 to 4.99 ng/100 ml, and T from 547 to 990 ng/100 ml. Thus, Oe2 increased on the average 3.07 times, Oe1 1.90 times, and T 1.86 times. Four days after oral administration of daily 40 mg fluoxymesterone (9α-fluoro-11β-hydroxy-17α-methyltestosterone), T decreased from 521 to 99.8 ng/100 ml (19.3 % of the control level, mean of 12 subjects), Oe2 from 1.93 to 0.66 ng/100 ml (34.9 % of the control level), and Oe1 from 3.14 to 2.23 ng/100 ml (72.5 % of the control level). Highly significant correlations were found between the pre-stimulation levels of Oe2 and Oe1, between the increments of Oe2 and Oe1 and of Oe2 and T after HCG stimulation.

CORPUS LUTEUM ACTIVITY AND PROSTAGLANDIN LEVELS AFTER PARTURITION IN COWS WITH RETAINED FETAL MEMBRANES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIERRE MATTON ◽  
VICTOR ADELAKOUN ◽  
JACQUES DUFOUR
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Retained Placenta ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Previous results have shown that progesterone levels were higher on the day of parturition in cows with retained fetal membranes (RFM) than in cows with normal calving, suggesting incomplete lysis of the corpus luteum (CL). This experiment was performed to evaluate the activity of the CL and the level of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F2α (PGFM) in RFM cows. Cows with RFM or those calving normally (NC) were ovariectomized 12–14 h after parturition. Blood samples were taken from the caudal and utero-ovarian veins. Slices of CL were incubated with or without human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) medium for 3 h. Plasma progesterone was higher in both the caudal and utero-ovarian veins of RFM cows than in those of NC cows (1.12 ± 0.25 vs. 0.62 ± 0.08 ng mL−1 and 2.4 ± 0.3 vs. 1.44 ± 0.33 ng mL−1, respectively). PGFM was also significantly higher in RFM cows (3.62 ± 0.19 vs. 2.55 ± 0.15 ng mL−1). Progesterone production by CL slices from both types of cows, incubated without hCG, was similar (65 ± 4.2 vs. 73 ± 5.1 μg g−1); with hCG, however, the progesterone production by the CL of RFM cows was 186.3 ± 10.7 μg g−1, 75.7 μg g−1 more than in CL of cows with normal calving. These results support the hypothesis of an incomplete luteolysis of the CL in RFM cows in spite of hieher levels of PGF2α. Key words: Corpus luteum activity, progesterone, prostaglandin, postpartum cows, retained placenta

THE EFFECTS OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY AND THE PARADOXICAL EFFECT OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ON THE VIABILITY OF HAMSTER SPERMATOZOA

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. LUBICZ-NAQROCKI ◽  
T. D. GLOVER
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Paradoxical Effect ◽  
Fertilizing Ability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Survival

SUMMARY Spermatozoa in the ligatured cauda epididymidis of golden hamsters were tested for their fertilizing ability 12 days after hypophysectomy or after hypophysectomy and treatment with testosterone or human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Fertility trials showed that the mean fertilization rate was reduced to approximately 65% of the control level, which contrasts sharply with the previously reported effects of castration, which led to the infertility of spermatozoa within 12 days as a result of androgen withdrawal. The present study showed that loss of fertilizing ability in hypophysectomized animals was also due to a decrease in circulating androgens since treatment with testosterone or HCG (10 or 40 i.u./day) prevented the adverse effect of hypophysectomy. However, there was some indication that sperm survival might also be directly or indirectly dependent, in part, on hypophysial hormones. While daily doses of HCG (10 or 40 i.u./day) maintained fertilizing ability in hypophysectomized animals, treatment with intermediate doses (especially 20 i.u./day) reduced the mean fertilization rate to 40·8%. This paradoxical effect of HCG on sperm survival was shown not to be mediated by the adrenal glands: the magnitude of the effect was related to the amount of testicular tissue present. Thus, when only one testis was present the adverse effect of 20 i.u. HCG/day was reduced by approximately half whereas the spermatozoa retained a high fertilizing ability in animals that were both castrated and hypophysectomized and treated with testosterone. It is suggested that the biphasic effect of HCG is due to the peripheral conversion of limited but significant amounts of circulating testicular androgens into oestrogens which antagonize the effect of testosterone in the epididymis. Attention is drawn to the possibility that specific dose levels of HCG might also be detrimental to sperm survival in the treatment with gonadotrophins of infertility in men.

INFLUENCE OF PROSTAGLANDINS AND HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ON PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION AND OOCYTE MATURATION IN MOUSE OVARIAN FOLLICLES MAINTAINED IN ORGAN CULTURE

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. NEAL ◽  
T. G. BAKER ◽  
K. P. McNATTY ◽  
R. J. SCARAMUZZI
Keyword(s):  
Organ Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Prostaglandin F

SUMMARY The response of mouse ovaries maintained in organ culture to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostaglandin F2α (F2α) was assessed using quantitative histological and radioimmunoassay procedures. Prostaglandin E2 induced histological changes in the cultured follicles comparable to those induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and the increase in the number of oocytes undergoing preovulatory maturation over the control value was the same irrespective of the treatment (PGE2 alone, HCG alone, or PGE2 + HCG). The amount of progesterone/ ml of culture medium was also significantly higher with these preparations than in control cultures (about 125 ng/ml compared with 57 ng/ml). By contrast, 5 μg PGF2α/ml medium increased neither the number of oocytes undergoing maturation nor the concentration of progesterone in the culture medium. The latter increased when the dose of PGF2α was increased to 30 μg/ml, although the proportion of oocytes beyond the dictyate stage remained at the control level. There was no augmentation in the response (above the level for HCG alone) when HCG and PGF2α were added to the explant medium simultaneously. These results are discussed in terms of the possible mechanism of action of the various preparations.

THE EFFECT OF LOW DOSES OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ON THE FERTILIZING ABILITY OF HAMSTER EPIDIDYMAL SPERMATOZOA

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. LUBICZ-NAWROCKI
Keyword(s):  
Control Level ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Fertilizing Ability ◽  
Subsequent Conversion ◽  
Cauda Epididymidis ◽  
Higher Doses ◽  
Experimental Group

SUMMARY The fertilizing ability of spermatozoa in ligated caudae epididymides of golden hamsters was reduced to approximately 25% of the control level after 12 daily s.c. injections of 10 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), but spermatozoa retained normal fertilizing ability after treatment with higher doses of HCG (30 and 40 i.u./day). This antifertility effect of HCG was mediated through the testes since removal of one testis reduced the adverse effect of 10 i.u. HCG/day by approximately 75% while spermatozoa retained normal fertilizing ability in animals bilaterally castrated and treated with testosterone. Additional experiments revealed that 12 daily injections of 250 μg testosterone significantly reduce fertilizing ability although treatment with 500 μg testosterone daily for the same period had no effect. It was found, also, that the antifertility effect produced by treatment with 10 i.u. HCG daily for 12 days was similar to that after 12 daily injections of 3·5 μg oestradiol benzoate (OB). While 250 μg testosterone/day in combination with OB (3·5 μg/day) augmented the antifertility effect of this hormone, 500 μg testosterone daily prevented to a small but significant extent, the antifertility effects of HCG and OB at these doses. By contrast to their effects on fertilizing ability, testosterone, HCG and OB had no significant effect on seminal vesicular fructose concentration which remained high in each experimental group. It is suggested that the antifertility effect of low doses of HCG results from stimulation of testicular secretion of testosterone and subsequent conversion of limited but significant amounts of testosterone into oestrogens, either in the testis or peripherally, which then antagonize the effects of testosterone in the cauda epididymidis.

THE RESPONSE OF INHIBIN TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IS DECREASED IN SENESCENT MEN COMPARED WITH YOUNG MEN

1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. R9-R11 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Fingscheidt ◽  
E. Nieschlag
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Ejaculate Parameters

ABSTRACT Inhibin and testosterone were measured in the serum of young and old men with proven fertility before and after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in order to characterize endocrinological changes in senescence further. While there was a significant increase of both hormones in all young men, there was a decreased response of serum testosterone and an insignificant increase in inhibin in the older men. Although basal hormone levels and ejaculate parameters were not different, hCG stimulation revealed that there were decreased secretory capacities of Leydig as well as of Sertoli cells in old age.

Decrease in serum sex hormone binding globulin during human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation in prepubertal boys

1985 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dunkel
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Testicular Descent ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Prepubertal Boys

Abstract. Temporal relationships between steroidogenic and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) responses to hCG were studied in 27 prepubertal boys: 19 with incomplete testicular descent and 8 with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH). Nine of the boys with incomplete testicular descent were given a single im injection of hCG and blood samples were taken daily for 5 days. Six of them showed a slight decrease in SHBG concentration by day 5. All the other 18 boys were given four im injections of hCG on days 0, 4, 7 and 10. Blood was taken before each injection and on day 14. In the boys with incomplete testiscular descent SHBG concentration decreased by day 14 (P < 0.01). All the boys with HH had an impaired testosterone response to hCG, and SHBG levels did not decrease after hCG. In only 2 of these boys SHBG concentrations were > 10% below the basal by day 14. These boys, however, also had the highest testosterone responses of their group. Thus it appears that if testosterone increases in prepubertal boys, SHBG decreases.

Effect of administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin on criteria used to assess testosterone administration in athletes

1991 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Cowan ◽  
A. T. Kicman ◽  
C. J. Walker ◽  
M. J. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Drug Test ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Sole Criterion

ABSTRACT Abnormal ratios of testosterone to epitestosterone (T/E) and testosterone to LH (T/LH) in the urine of male athletes are indicative of testosterone administration. The T/E ratio has been adopted by the International Olympic Committee as the sole criterion used in the detection of testosterone administration. An athlete is usually considered to have failed a drug test if the urinary T/E ratio is greater than 6. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) has been used by some male athletes to stimulate testicular secretion of testosterone. The purpose of this investigation was to examine whether the urinary T/E ratio can remain unaffected by administration of hCG to normal adult males. Administration of hCG resulted in large increases in serum testosterone concentrations and urinary T/LH ratios but small changes in urinary T/E ratios of two subjects (maximum T/E values observed were 0·8 and 1·2 respectively). These observations suggest that the urinary T/LH ratio is a valuable indicator of hCG as well as of testosterone administration. This study is the first to measure urinary T/LH ratios using the technique of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for quantification of testosterone, and highly specific monoclonal antibodies for the measurement of LH. An ultrafiltration method is proposed as part of a confirmatory procedure to be adopted in the measurement of urinary gonadotrophins for drug control in sport. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 131, 147–154

INCIDENCE AND RATE OF APPEARANCE AND DISAPPEARANCE OF ANTIGONADOTROPHIN IN THE BLOOD OF PATIENTS TREATED WITH PREGNANT MARES' SERUM GONADOTROPHIN

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S235-S242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erling Østergaard
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Present Series ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Continuous Therapy ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Intensive Courses ◽  
Blood Specimens

ABSTRACT Thirty-eight patients with amenorrhoea were treated with repeated series of injections of pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin + human chorionic gonadotrophin. Each course consisted of 5 injections of 1500 IU or 3000 IU of serum gonadotrophin, Antex®, followed by 3 injections of 1500 IU or 3000 IU of chorionic gonadotrophin, Physex®, If required, this treatment was repeated at a few months' intervals, in some cases up to 5 times. After each course, the blood was studied for the presence of antigonadotrophin to Antex. Blood specimens were drawn in all cases 21 days after the last injection of Antex. Antigonadotrophin was found to be present in one out of 15 patients after the 1st course, in 8 out of 20 after the 2nd course, in 13 of 16 after the 3rd, and in 6 of 6 patients after the 4th and 5th courses. Progonadotrophic activity was demonstrated in the blood of 6 patients after the 1st course, in 4 after the 2nd course, and in one on the 10th day after the 3rd course. In 6 cases blood samples were obtained also immediately before, during and immediately after the treatment. Three showed, during the 3rd, 4th and 5th course respectively, antigonadotrophin in the blood even before the last injection of Antex. These courses were ineffective, and no patient got menstrual bleeding as a result of the 4th or 5th course. Some patients developed bleeding after the 3rd treatment, although antigonadotrophin was demonstrated in the blood on the 21st day. In these cases the antigonadotrophin presumably did not form until the injections of Antex had exerted their effect. The antigonadotrophin occurring during these therapeutic courses inactivates only serum gonadotrophin and limits effective treatment by this gonadotrophin to about 4 weeks in continuous therapy and to 3 of the brief, intensive courses employed in the present series. Apart from this, the formation of this antigonadotrophin did not have harmful consequences. It disappears from the blood within a period of a few months, occasionally up to about a year, and it does not prevent subsequent treatment with human pituitary gonadotrophin from being effective.

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