THE DIURNAL VARIATION IN RENAL IODIDE EXCRETION RATE IN RABBITS

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen Vadstrup ◽  
Jørgen Bojsen
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Disappearance Rate ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Clearance Technique

ABSTRACT The diurnal variation in renal iodide excretion rate was determined in unrestrained female rabbits by means of either a conventional clearance technique or a continuous monitoring of the whole body disappearance of iv injected 125I-iodide using an implanted Geiger-Müller detector. A distinct diurnal rhythm was detected in the disappearance rate of 125I-iodide. A slow disappearance rate occurred from 12 p. m. to 6 a. m. (darkness from 5 p. m. to 5 a. m.). The values of iodide excretion rate obtained by both methods were consistent like in humans with an excretion fraction of 0.3 for iodide in rabbits. In rabbits weighing 3-4 kg the renal iodide excretion rates were 5-7 ml/min during the rapid phase and 3-4 ml/min during the slow phase.

THE IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF TSH ON RENAL IODIDE EXCRETION RATE IN RABBITS

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steen Vadstrup ◽  
Jørgen Bojsen
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Bovine Tsh ◽  
Clearance Technique

ABSTRACT The renal iodide excretion rate was determined in unrestrained female rabbits by means of conventional clearance technique or continuous monitoring of the whole body disappearance of iv injected 125I-iodide using an implanted Geiger-Müller detector. The immediate effect of pharmacological doses of bovine TSH was studied by both methods and a significant decrease in iodide excretion rate was recorded following the administration of a single TSH dose of 4 IU. The effect of TSH lasted 3–6 h. Injection of 10–20 μg TRH caused a transient delay in iodide disappearance (30–50 min) while 2–20 μg triiodothyronine iv or sc had no immediate effect on the iodide disappearance.

scholarly journals Whole-body arginine dimethylation is associated with all-cause mortality in adult renal transplant recipients

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Post ◽  
Alexander Bollenbach ◽  
Stephan J. L. Bakker ◽  
Dimitrios Tsikas
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Donors ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Arginine Residues ◽  
Excretion Rates

AbstractArginine residues in proteins can be singly or doubly methylated post-translationally. Proteolysis of arginine-methylated proteins provides monomethyl arginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). ADMA and SDMA are considered cardiovascular risk factors, with the underlying mechanisms being not yet fully understood. SDMA lacks appreciable metabolism and is almost completely eliminated by the kidney, whereas ADMA is extensively metabolized to dimethylamine (DMA), with a minor ADMA fraction of about 10% being excreted unchanged in the urine. Urinary DMA and ADMA are useful measures of whole-body asymmetric arginine-dimethylation, while urinary SDMA serves as a whole-body measure of symmetric arginine-dimethylation. In renal transplant recipients (RTR), we previously found that higher plasma ADMA concentrations and lower urinary ADMA and SDMA concentrations were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Yet, in this RTR collective, no data were available for urinary DMA. For the present study, we additionally measured the excretion rate of DMA in 24-h collected urine samples of the RTR and of healthy kidney donors in the cohort, with the aim to quantitate whole-body asymmetric (ADMA, DMA) and symmetric (SDMA) arginine-dimethylation. We found that lower DMA excretion rates were associated with higher all-cause mortality, yet not with cardiovascular mortality. In the healthy donors, kidney donation was associated with considerable decreases in ADMA (by − 39%, P < 0.0001) and SDMA (by − 21%, P < 0.0001) excretion rates, yet there was no significant change in DMA (by − 9%, P = 0.226) excretion rate. Our results suggest that protein-arginine dimethylation is altered in RTR compared to healthy kidney donors and that it is pronouncedly shifted from symmetric to asymmetric arginine-dimethylation, with whole-body protein-arginine dimethylation being almost unaffected.

Plasma and renal clearance of exogenous erythropoietin in the dog

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Weintraub ◽  
Albert S. Gordon ◽  
E. Lovell Becker ◽  
James F. Camiscoli ◽  
Joseph F. Contrera
Keyword(s):  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
Pah Clearance ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Plasma Compartment

The pattern of plasma and renal clearance of purified sheep erythropoietin (ESF) was studied in unanesthetized dogs given a single intravenous injection of the hormone. Creatinine and PAH clearance measurements were also made up to 5 hr after ESF administration. Plasma clearance of ESF was found to be essentially biphasic: half-times for an initial rapid phase (0–1 hr) ranged from 20–45 min while those for the slower phase (1–24 hr) were of the order of 9–10.5 hr. Despite the loss from the plasma compartment of up to 70% of the injected dose of ESF within 3.5 hr, urinary recovery of the factor was quite low: about 2% of the injected dose in two experiments where 1,600 units were given and about 5% in a third experiment in which a dose of 3,200 units was employed. Excretion rates of the factor were found to be uniformly low and ESF clearance ranged from 0.1 to 0.6 ml/min. Some correlation between plasma levels and excretion rate of ESF was obtained. ESF clearance represented only a small fraction (0.1–1.4%) of the glomerular filtration rate. Injection of the hormone did not markedly influence creatinine or PAH clearance.

IMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN: DIURNAL VARIATION IN URINARY ANTIGEN EXCRETION

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Baechler ◽  
Rudi Borth ◽  
Annette Menzi
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Clinical Conditions

ABSTRACT A pregnancy-test kit based on the principle of passive haemagglutination inhibition was used to assay antigen (»human chorionic gonadotrophin«) levels in 184 accurately timed urine samples collected during one 24-hour period from 24 pregnant women hospitalized for various clinical conditions. The precision of replicate assays was in the order of 20 per cent (standard deviation), that is, at the limit imposed by the dilution factor used. The antigen excretion rate (IU-eq./d), the antigen concentration (IU-eq./ml), and the fluid excretion rate (ml/d) all showed a diurnal rhythm, but shape, amplitude and phase of the average curves were different for the three parameters. Concentration varied inversely with fluid volume (r2 = 0.47); the antigen excretion rate was not correlated with the latter (r2 = 0.04). The concentration in morning urine was well correlated with the antigen excretion rate determined from the 24-hour pool (r2 = 0.77). Variation between and within individuals was considerable with respect to all the relationships observed, and if these were disregarded, the distribution of the pooled data was approximately lognormal both for the concentrations and the excretion rates expressed as per cent of the corresponding 24-hour values. If antigen excretion were estimated, instead of from 24-hour collections, from (a) timed random collections, or (b) untimed morning urines, or (c) untimed random samples, changes in antigen excretion would have to be at least (a) 2–4 times, or (b) 2.5–6 times, or (c) 3–9 times greater, respectively, in order to be detectable in spite of diurnal variation.

scholarly journals Urinary Dimethylamine (DMA) and Its Precursor Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) in Clinical Medicine, in the Context of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Tsikas
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Muscular Disease ◽  
Excretion Rates

Asymmetric protein-arginine dimethylation is a major post-translational modification (PTM) catalyzed by protein-arginine methyltransferase (PRMT). Regular proteolysis releases asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Of the daily produced ADMA, about 10% are excreted unchanged in the urine. The remaining 90% are hydrolyzed by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) to L-citrulline and dimethylamine (DMA), which is readily excreted in the urine. The PRMT/DDAH pathway is almost the exclusive origin of urinary ADMA and the major source of urinary DMA. Dietary fish and seafood represent additional abundant sources of urinary DMA. The present article provides an overview of urinary ADMA and DMA reported thus far in epidemiological, clinical and pharmacological studies, in connection with the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway and beyond, in neonates, children and adolescents, young and elderly subjects, males and females. Discussed diseases mainly include those relating to the renal and cardiovascular systems such as peripheral arterial occlusive disease, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Becker muscular disease, Duchenne muscular disease (DMD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and type I diabetes. Under standardized conditions involving the abstinence of DMA-rich fresh and canned fish and seafood, urinary DMA and ADMA are useful as measures of whole-body asymmetric arginine-dimethylation in health and disease. The creatinine-corrected excretion rates of DMA range from 10 to 80 µmol/mmol in adults and up to 400 µmol/mmol in children and adolescents. The creatinine-corrected excretion rates of ADMA are on average 10 times lower. In general, diseases are associated with higher urinary DMA and ADMA excretion rates, and pharmacological treatment, such as with steroids and creatine (in DMD), decreases their excretion rates, which may be accompanied by a decreased urinary excretion of nitrate, the major metabolite of NO. In healthy subjects and in rheumatoid arthritis patients, the urinary excretion rate of DMA correlates positively with the excretion rate of dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG), the major urinary catecholamines metabolite, suggesting a potential interplay in the PRMT/DDAH/NO pathway.

Quantitative analysis of radioisotope cisternography in the diagnosis of intracranial hypotension

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Moriyama ◽  
Tomoyuki Ogawa ◽  
Ayumi Nishida ◽  
Shinichi Ishikawa ◽  
Hiroichi Beck
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Intracranial Hypotension ◽  
Intrathecal Injection ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors attempted a quantitative analysis of conventional radioisotope cisternography for the purpose of more accurate diagnosis of intracranial hypotension. Methods. Fifty-seven patients suspected of having intracranial hypotension underwent radioisotope cisternography. Whole-body images were obtained 2.5, 6, and 24 hours after intrathecal injection of 111In—diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid. Radioactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space was counted during scanning, and radioisotope clearance was studied. Direct signs of radioisotope leakage into the spinal epidural space were found in 25 patients. Most leaks were located in the lumbosacral region. Analysis of the radioisotope clearance curve revealed two different patterns. In patients without a radiographically demonstrated radioisotope leak, absolutely exponential curves were observed (R2 > 0.99). The activity of the radioisotope decreased at a rate of e−0.03 to e−0.107 (mean ± standard deviation, e−0.056 ± 0.018; 32 patients). Clearance in patients with an overt radioisotope leak was not a simple exponential curve; it could be divided into an early rapid phase and a late slow phase. The clearance rate during the first 6 hours was e−0.219 ± 0.127 (25 patients) and e−0.076 ± 0.021 thereafter. The authors speculated that the early escape of undiluted radioisotope solution through an aberrant CSF outlet, such as a traumatic spinal dural tear, was responsible for this phenomenon. Conclusions. The quantitative analysis featured in this study seems to be useful in the diagnosis of intracranial hypotension. A small CSF leak below the limit of radioisotope cisternography resolution might be detected using this technique.

Urinary 5-HIAA Excretion is not Increased in Patients with Head and Neck Paragangliomas

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie T. Van Hulsteijn ◽  
Nicolette Van Duinen ◽  
Johannes A. Romijn ◽  
Johannes W.A. Smit ◽  
Eleonora P.M. Corssmit
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Catecholamine Excess ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Head And Neck Paragangliomas

Background Case reports have documented carcinoid-like features in head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGLs), which, in addition to catecholamine storing granules, may also contain granules with serotonin. Serotonin is metabolized to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Aim To assess the urinary excretion rates of 5-HIAA and catecholamines in HNPGL patients. Methods In 114 consecutive HNPGL patients, normetanephrine, metanephrine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, VMA, dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine and 5-HIAA excretion rates were measured in two 24-hour urinary samples. Increased excretion rates were defined as an increase of the average hormone excretion rate of 2 urine samples above the reference range. In all patients with catecholamine excess, intrathoracic and abdominal paragangliomas were excluded by 123I-MIBG scintigraphy, MRI and/or CT. Genetic screening for mutations in genes of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) family was performed. Results Mean urinary 5-HIAA excretion rate was 14±9 μmol/24 hours (reference range 10–44 μmol/24 hours). Urinary 5-HIAA excretion was slightly increased in only 1 patient (48 μmol/24 hours). None of the 50 patients (44%) with increased urinary excretion rates of catecholamines and/or their metabolites had elevated 5-HIAA excretion. Conclusion Urinary 5-HIAA excretion is within the normal reference range in almost all HNPGL patients. Therefore, this parameter has no clinical relevance in the routine clinical assessment of HNPGL patients.

scholarly journals Capacity of human serum to depolymerize actin filaments

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 524-530
Author(s):  
PA Janmey ◽  
SE Lind
Keyword(s):  
Human Serum ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Plasma Gelsolin ◽  
Preferential Formation

Human blood depolymerizes filamentous (F-)actin. The interaction of actin filaments and monomers with human serum was studied by following the kinetics and extent of the depolymerization of pyrene-labeled F- actin and by analysis of serum proteins adhering to immobilized actin monomers. In physiologic Ca2+ concentrations, the depolymerization of F- actin proceeds in two stages: a rapid phase, attributed to direct severing of filaments by plasma gelsolin, and a slow phase attributed to the binding of actin monomers to vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). Without Ca2+, only the slow phase is observed. Human serum can completely depolymerize 10 to 18 mumol/L of actin, of which approximately 5 mumol/L occurs rapidly. Depolymerization can be accounted for by the normal serum concentrations of gelsolin and DBP. Fibrin(ogen) and fibronectin, which bind actin in vitro, do not contribute to the kinetics or extent of its depolymerization. Affinity chromatography and functional assays for the presence of gelsolin-actin complexes show that addition of G-actin to serum results in preferential formation of actin-DBP complexes, but that addition of F- actin to serum produces both gelsolin-actin complexes and DBP-actin complexes. The distinctive binding of actin monomers and polymers to these two serum proteins suggests a means by which their coordinated actions are maximized in vivo, from the standpoint of depolymerizing filaments and clearing monomers from the circulation.

scholarly journals Urinary excretion of amino acids and their advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) in adult kidney transplant recipients with emphasis on lysine: furosine excretion is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality

Amino Acids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Baskal ◽  
Adrian Post ◽  
Daan Kremer ◽  
Alexander Bollenbach ◽  
Stephan J. L. Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Recipients ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Excretion Rates

AbstractArginine (Arg) and lysine (Lys) moieties of proteins undergo various post-translational modifications (PTM) including enzymatic NG- and Nε-methylation and non-enzymatic NG- and Nε-glycation. In a large cohort of stable kidney transplant recipients (KTR, n = 686), high plasma and low urinary concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an abundant PTM metabolite of Arg, were associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Thus, the prediction of the same biomarker regarding mortality may depend on the biological sample. In another large cohort of stable KTR (n = 555), higher plasma concentrations of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML) and Nε-carboxyethyl-lysine (CEL), two advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) of Lys, were associated with higher cardiovascular mortality. Yet, the associations of urinary AGEs with mortality are unknown. In the present study, we measured 24 h urinary excretion of Lys, CML, and furosine in 630 KTR and 41 healthy kidney donors before and after donation. Our result indicate that lower urinary CML and lower furosine excretion rates are associated with higher mortality in KTR, thus resembling the associations of ADMA. Lower furosine excretion rates were also associated with higher cardiovascular mortality. The 24 h urinary excretion rate of amino acids and their metabolites decreased post-donation (varying as little as − 24% for CEL, and as much as − 62% for ADMA). For most amino acids, the excretion rate was lower in KTR than in donors pre-donation [except for S-(1-carboxyethyl)-l-cysteine (CEC) and NG-carboxyethylarginine (CEA)]. Simultaneous GC–MS measurement of free amino acids, their PTM metabolites and AGEs in urine is a non-invasive approach in kidney transplantation.

Urinary creatine: biochemical indicator for evaluation of sickle cell crises.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1232-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Beyer ◽  
L W Statius van Eps ◽  
J J Kastelein ◽  
D P Brandjes ◽  
W M Mairuhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
Biochemical Indicator ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Sickle Cell Crises

Abstract In a patient with known sickle cell beta 0-thalassemia we measured serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity and 24-h urinary creatine excretion rate as markers to evaluate sickle cell crises. We believe that a distinction based on biochemical findings can be made between hemolytic and painful vaso-occlusive sickle cell crises with muscular involvement. To assess hemolytic crises by objective biochemical measures, we have used assay of LD activity, and to assess painful crises with muscular involvement objectively, the 24-h urinary creatine excretion rate. We conclude that hemolytic crises are characterized by high serum LD activities. Furthermore, we conclude that--at least in this patient--painful crises are accompanied by high 24-h urinary creatine excretion rates. Our findings suggest that muscle involvement may play an important role in painful vaso-occlusive sickle cell crises.

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