THE PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS IN KLINEFELTER's SYNDROME

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. H. Smals ◽  
P. W. C. Kloppenborg ◽  
R. L. Lequin ◽  
L. Beex ◽  
A. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Per Se

ABSTRACT Conventional thyroid function indices (serum T4, T3, TSH and thyroidal RAIU before and after TSH) appeared to be normal in most of 25 clinically euthyroid patients with chromatine positive Klinefelter's syndrome. Administration of TRH, however, revealed a decreased TSH reserve in the Klinefelter patients, both off or on testosterone treatment, in comparison to euthyroidal eugonadal male controls. Preliminary data suggest that this blunted TSH response to TRH is not a characteristic of Klinefelter's syndrome per se but might be caused by the concurrent hypergonadotrophism. Despite the blunted TSH response, the TRH mediated T3 response in the Klinefelter patients was about equal to that in the male controls.

scholarly journals The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Cushing Syndrome before and after Curative Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skand Shekhar ◽  
Raven McGlotten ◽  
Sunyoung Auh ◽  
Kristina I Rother ◽  
Lynnette K Nieman
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Cushing Syndrome ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Curative Surgery ◽  
Central Hypothyroidism ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis

Abstract Background We do not fully understand how hypercortisolism causes central hypothyroidism or what factors influence recovery of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. We evaluated thyroid function during and after cure of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with CS seen from 2005 – 2018 (cohort 1, c1, n=68) or 1985 – 1994 (cohort 2, c2, n=55) at a clinical research center. Urine (UFC) and diurnal serum cortisol (F: ~8AM and ~midnight (PM)), morning triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (c1) or hourly TSH from 1500-1900h (day) and 2400-04000h (night) (c2), were measured before and after curative surgery. Results While hypercortisolemic, 53% of c1 had central hypothyroidism (low/low normal fT4 + unelevated TSH). Of those followed long-term, 31% and 44% had initially subnormal FT4 and T3, respectively, which normalized 6—12 months after cure. Hypogonadism was more frequent in hypothyroid (69%) compared to euthyroid (13%) patients. Duration of symptoms, AM and PM F, ACTH, and UFC were inversely related to TSH, FT4 and/or T3 levels (r -0.24 to -0.52, P <0.0001 to 0.02). In c2, the nocturnal surge of TSH (mIU/L) was subnormal before (day 1.00±0.04 vs night 1.08±0.05, p=0.3) and normal at a mean of 8 months after cure (day 1.30±0.14 vs night 2.17±0.27, p=0.01). UFC >1000 μg /day was an independent adverse prognostic marker of time to thyroid hormone recovery. Conclusions Abnormal thyroid function, likely mediated by subnormal nocturnal TSH, is prevalent in Cushing’s syndrome and is reversible after cure.

Naloxone administration does not affect gonadotropin secretion in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Forti ◽  
M. L. De Feo ◽  
M. Maggi ◽  
A. D. Genazzani ◽  
V. Fazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Testosterone Enanthate ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Testosterone Treatment ◽  
Naloxone Administration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Baseline Conditions

Abstract. Plasma LH and FSH were measured every 20 min in a group of patients with Klinefelter's syndrome before and after placebo or naloxone administration (8 mg iv as a bolus followed by an infusion of 4 mg/h for 4 h) both in baseline conditions (N = 6) and during treatment with testosterone enanthate (200 mg im every two weeks; N = 4). The mean LH areas measured during saline infusion in baseline conditions (7888 ± 758 IU/l per min mean ± sem) and during testosterone treatment (5042 ± 2039 IU/l per min) were not significantly different from those measured during naloxone infusion (baseline 8317 ± 818 IU/l per min; during testosterone treatment 5395 ± 2007 IU/l per min). Similar results were obtained for FSH. These data suggest that in patients with Klinefelter's syndrome, the opioidergic inhibition of gonadotropin release is lacking and is not restored by testosterone replacement therapy.

scholarly journals Chronothyroidology: Chronobiological Aspects in Thyroid Function and Diseases

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Bellastella ◽  
Maria Ida Maiorino ◽  
Lorenzo Scappaticcio ◽  
Annamaria De Bellis ◽  
Silvia Mercadante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Biological Rhythms ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Circadian Organization ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Central Clock ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunctions

Chronobiology is the scientific discipline which considers biological phenomena in relation to time, which assumes itself biological identity. Many physiological processes are cyclically regulated by intrinsic clocks and many pathological events show a circadian time-related occurrence. Even the pituitary–thyroid axis is under the control of a central clock, and the hormones of the pituitary–thyroid axis exhibit circadian, ultradian and circannual rhythmicity. This review, after describing briefly the essential principles of chronobiology, will be focused on the results of personal experiences and of other studies on this issue, paying particular attention to those regarding the thyroid implications, appearing in the literature as reviews, metanalyses, original and observational studies until 28 February 2021 and acquired from two databases (Scopus and PubMed). The first input to biological rhythms is given by a central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which dictates the timing from its hypothalamic site to satellite clocks that contribute in a hierarchical way to regulate the physiological rhythmicity. Disruption of the rhythmic organization can favor the onset of important disorders, including thyroid diseases. Several studies on the interrelationship between thyroid function and circadian rhythmicity demonstrated that thyroid dysfunctions may affect negatively circadian organization, disrupting TSH rhythm. Conversely, alterations of clock machinery may cause important perturbations at the cellular level, which may favor thyroid dysfunctions and also cancer.

scholarly journals Primary Thyroid Disorders in Patients with Endogenous Hypercortisolism: An Observational Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Eda Demir Onal ◽  
Muhammed Sacikara ◽  
Fatma Saglam ◽  
Reyhan Ersoy ◽  
Bekir Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Thyroid Function Test ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Thyroid Autoantibody ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) may alter the performance of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis. We searched for a relationship between hypercortisolism and primary thyroid disorders. The medical records of 40 patients with CS were retrospectively examined. Thyroid ultrasonography (USG), basal thyroid function test results (TFT), and antithyroglobulin and antithyroperoxidase antibodies were analyzed. In 80 control subjects, matched by age and gender with CS patients, thyroid USG, TFTs, and autoantibody panel were obtained. Among the CS patients, 17 had nodular goiter, versus 24 controls (42.5% versus 30%,P>0.05). Among the twenty-five patients with an available TFT and autoantibody panel—before and after surgical curative treatment—autoantibody positivity was detected in 2 (8%) patients before and 3 (12%) after surgery (P=0.48). Regarding TFT results, 1 (2.5%) patient had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 1 (2.5%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, whereas 1 (2.5%) control had hyperthyroidism. In total, 21 (52.5%) patients and 32 (40%) controls had≥1 of the features of thyroid disorder, including goiter, positive thyroid autoantibody, and thyroid function abnormality; the difference was not significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of primary thyroid disorders is not significantly increased in patients with CS.

The effects of testosterone treatment in Klinefelter's syndrome

1970 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Myhre ◽  
R.H.A. Ruvalcaba ◽  
H.R. Johnson ◽  
Horace C. Thuline ◽  
V.C. Kelley
Keyword(s):  
Klinefelter’S Syndrome ◽  
Klinefelter's Syndrome ◽  
Testosterone Treatment

THE EFFECT OF STREPTOZOTOCIN-INDUCED DIABETES ON THE PITUITARY-THYROID AXIS IN GOITROGEN-TREATED RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Pericás ◽  
Trinidad Jolín
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Intact Rats

ABSTRACT Studies of pituitary and thyroid function have been carried out in normal (intact) and diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single streptozotocin injection (7 mg/100 g body weight). The animals were fed a low iodine diet (LID), and received a daily sc injection of either KClO4 (20 mg/100 g body weight) or propylthiouracil (PTU) (1.5 mg/100 g body weight) to induce hypothyroidism. Control groups received the same LID but supplemented with 0.8 μg I/g dry weight. In intact rats goitrogen-treatment induces an increase in thyroid weight and in plasma TSH concentration. However, the plasma TSH response to goitrogen-treatment in diabetics indicates that pituitary TSH secretion increases following a reduction in plasma PBI, but the response is less marked than in controls. The difference in plasma TSH between control and diabetic rats provides an explanation for the findings that diabetes diminishes the thyroid growth response to goitrogen-treatment. Moreover, in intact rats the low pituitary TSH content is a consequence of the increase in pituitary TSH secretion, while in the diabetics the low pituitary TSH content cannot be explained by an increase in TSH secretion. The effect of diabetes on the pituitary-thyroid axis cannot be attributed specifically to poor growth, because the changes in pituitary-thyroid function which are observed in the diabetic groups are not seen in intact rats with a growth rate similar to that of insulin deficient rats. Insulin administration to goitrogen-treated diabetic rats results in 1) an increase in the ability of the thyroid tissue to respond to its trophic hormone, 2) an increase in pituitary TSH secretion in response to the lowering of plasma PBI and, 3) an increase in thyroid growth response to goitrogen-treatment. Results are discussed in relation to the assumption that the lack of adequate insulin levels, or its metabolic defects, diminishes the full response of the thyroid to TSH, and affects the pituitary TSH secretion probably as a consequence of altered hypothalamic control of the pituitary function.

Comparative evaluation of neuroendocrine dysfunction in children with craniopharyngiomas before and after mass effects are removed

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Guo ◽  
Yonggang Wang ◽  
Ming Ni ◽  
Yazhuo Zhang ◽  
Liyong Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Mass Effects ◽  
Neuroendocrine Function ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of mass effectsin situ(MEIS) and after neurosurgery (ANS) on neuroendocrine function in children with craniopharyngioma.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 185 cases of children with craniopharyngioma who underwent neurosurgical treatment at the Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 2011 to 2016. The neuroendocrine function of patients was compared before and after tumor removal.ResultsCompared with the MEIS, the incidence of growth hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 axis dysfunction (47.03% vs. 57.30%), pituitary-thyroid axis dysfunction (20.00% vs. 50.27%), pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction (18.38% vs. 43.78%) and diabetes insipidus (26.49% vs. 44.86%) was significantly increased in the ANS status. The incidence of hyperprolactinemia significantly decreased from 28.11% in the MEIS status to 20.54% in the ANS status. Compared with the MEIS group, changes in appetite, development of diabetes insipidus, body temperature dysregulation, sleeping disorders, personality abnormalities and cognitive abnormalities were more frequent after ANS, yet no statistically significant differences were found.ConclusionsEndocrine dysfunction is common in children with craniopharyngioma. Both MEIS and ANS can be harmful to neuroendocrine function, and neurosurgical treatment may increase the level of neuroendocrine dysfunction.

Homocysteine, pituitary and thyroid hormones in children with different physical development levels after forest fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Bandazhevskyi ◽  
◽  
N. F. Dubova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Development Levels

Objective We performed a comparative assessment of the blood levels of homocysteine, pituitary and thyroid hormones in children with different levels of physical development before and after forest fires in the Chornobyl exclusion zone (ChEZ) in 2015. Methods: We used immunochemical, instrumental, mathematical and statistical methods. Results: The analysis of variable dynamics was performed in 336 adolescents of the Polisskyi and the Ivankivskyi districts of Kyiv region. An association was found between homocysteine (Нсу), hormones of the pituitary-thyroid axis and physical development of children. A statistically significantly higher level of Нсу was observed in the adolescents from the Ivankivskyi district in comparison with the children from the Polisskyi district. Forest fires in the spring and summer of 2015 in the ChEZ should be considered the main cause for the increase in Нсу in the blood of the adolescents. The increased level of Т3 in the peripheral tissues induced by Нсy and TSH contributed to a decrease in the physical development index values. Due to a decrease in the intensity of the Т4 deiodination process, the insufficient formation of Т3 in the peripheral tissues was recorded in the group of children with a disharmonious high physical development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document