STUDIES ON LOW INSULIN RESPONDERS

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S5-S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Efendić ◽  
E. Cerasi ◽  
I. Elander ◽  
Christina Thornqvist ◽  
G. Fick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Release ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Insulin Responses

ABSTRACT The insulin responses to intravenous glucose infusion (GIT) and oral administration of glucose (OGTT) were measured in 226 control subjects and 25 chemical or mild maturity-onset non-obese diabetics. In addition, intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were performed in all subjects. The insulin response to GIT was analyzed by parameter identification in a mathematical model. This model assumes that glucose initiates insulin release by an immediate action, the magnitude of which is given by parameter KI. In addition, glucose induces a time-dependent potentiation (KP) of its initiating action. Insulin release is also modulated by negative feedback inhibition (KB), which displays an intermediary time course between KI and KP. The computer analysis of GIT allows the identification of a further parameter, KG, which defines sensitivity to endogenous insulin. In addition, a hypothetical plasma insulin value at 10 min was calculated, called IP, and reflecting the response to a standard glucose stimulation. Finally, the insulinogenic index (ΔI/ΔG) for the 10 min value of GIT was calculated.

Insulin responses during glucose tolerance tests in steers with increasing Wagyu genetic influence

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
G. J. Mears ◽  
C. M. Ross ◽  
S. D. Husar ◽  
W. M. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Post Infusion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Insulin Responses

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) were conducted in 18 steers with 0, 50 and 75% Wagyu genetic influence. Glucose clearances were similar for all steers. Plasma insulin concentrations (basal, 5 and 10 min post-infusion) were higher (P < 0.05) in 0% Wagyu steers (2.57, 7.36, 9.68 ng mL−1) relative to 50% Wagyu (1.17, 2.59, 5.34 ng mL−1) or 75% Wagyu (0.99, 2.78, 5.00 ng mL−1). A correlation coefficient of 0.71 (P = 0.005; n = 15) between marbling score of carcasses and plasma glucose concentration 90 min after glucose infusion suggests, possible associations among the propensity of cattle with Wagyu genetic influence to marble, mechanisms of glucose utilization and nature of the insulin response to circulating glucose. Key words: Plasma glucose, insulin, marbling, Wagyu

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN RESPONSE DURING DAILY CONTINUOUS LOW-DOSE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE TREATMENT

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Larsson-Cohn ◽  
B. Tengström ◽  
L. Wide
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Insulin Response To Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

ABSTRACT Intravenous glucose tolerance tests and insulin determinations were performed on 37 women at different stages of the menstrual cycle and after one, three and twelve months of daily continuous treatment with 0.5 mg of norethindrone or 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate. The fasting blood glucose concentration, the k-values (percentage disappearance rate of glucose per minute) and the insulin response to glucose administration were compared. No statistically significant differences were found between the values obtained on two occasions before treatment, and during treatment.

THE INSULINOGENIC RESPONSE TO INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE IN DOGS FED DIETS OF DIFFERENT PROTEIN VALUE

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. C. HEARD ◽  
PAMELA A. J. HENRY
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

SUMMARY Dogs were fed diets of high, suboptimal or low protein value (NDpCal% = 10, 7 or 5) from weaning at approximately 6 weeks of age. Immunoreactive plasma insulin levels were measured during intravenous glucose tolerance tests at 8, 13 and 20 weeks of age. In the dogs fed on diets of suboptimal or low protein value, the assimilation coefficient (K) increased within the first 2 weeks on diet, without any corresponding increase in insulin output. Later, as glucose tolerance tended to become impaired, the insulin output increased significantly. A significant increase in insulin response also occurred in dogs fed the high protein diet, at approximately 6 months of age, when the growth rate had slowed down. The increase in insulin response to i.v. glucose, observed in dogs fed the diets of low protein value, did not occur in animals which became marasmic through loss of appetite. Such animals had a very feeble insulin response. The findings are discussed in relation to human protein-calorie deficiency syndromes (kwashiorkor and marasmus).

Low Vitamin K Intake Effects on Glucose Tolerance in Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakamoto ◽  
Wakabayashi ◽  
Sakamoto
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Early Insulin Response ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

To investigate the effects of vitamin K (VK) on pancreatic function, intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed in rats fed with and without low VK diet (inclucing less than 20% required vitamin K1). Plasma glucose and immuno-reactive insulin (IRI) were determined. It was found that at 0 min., plasma glucose and IRI levels in low VK group were slightly less than in the control (glucose, 204.5 ± 21.7 vs. 229 ± 19.6 mg/dl, IRI, 6.6 ± 1.3 vs. 9.3 ± 1.8 ng/ml mean ± SEM). At 3 min. after glucose administration, plasma glucose was higher (391.8 ± 25.6 vs. 371.8 ± 18.7 mg/dl) and IRI, lower (11.8 ± 2.1 vs. 18.2 ± 3.6 ng/ml) in the low VK group. The disappearance rate of plasma glucose in the low VK group at 5–10 min. was significantly less than in the control (6.7 ± 2.2 vs. 11.9 ± 1.8 mg/ dl/min.). Incremental IRI area at 0 to 5 min. in the low VK group is less than in the control (15.2 ± 4.4 vs. 25.0 ± 9.1 ng/ml/min.), but at 5–60 min. and 0–60 min., it was found to be significantly higher compared to the control (210.3 ± 55.2 vs. 32.5 ± 47.1 ng/ml/min. at 5–60 min.). Dietary low VK intake would thus appear to induce a tendency of poor early insulin response, and late hyperinsulinemia to the glucose load in rats.

THE EFFECT OF ATROPINE ON THE INSULIN RELEASE CAUSED BY ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS GLUCOSE IN HUMAN SUBJECTS

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Henderson ◽  
D. B. Jefferys ◽  
R. H. Jones ◽  
D. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Release ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

ABSTRACT Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed on normal fasting subjects, with and without atropine. Insulin release after oral glucose was significantly diminished by atropine, and this effect could not be ascribed to the drug delaying glucose absorption. However, insulin release brought about by intravenous glucose was not altered by atropine. Possible interpretations of these results are discussed.

Dietary restriction and glucose regulation in aging rhesus monkeys: a follow-up report at 8.5 yr

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (4) ◽  
pp. E757-E765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Gresl ◽  
Ricki J. Colman ◽  
Ellen B. Roecker ◽  
Thomas C. Havighurst ◽  
Ze Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Minimal Model ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Tests ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Tests

In a longitudinal study of the effects of moderate (70%) dietary restriction (DR) on aging, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured from semiannual, frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIGTT) in 30 adult male rhesus monkeys. FSIGTT data were analyzed with Bergman's minimal model, and analysis of covariance revealed that restricted (R) monkeys exhibited increased insulin sensitivity (SI, P < 0.001) and plasma glucose disappearance rate (KG, P = 0.015), and reduced fasting plasma insulin (Ib, P < 0.001) and insulin response to glucose (AIRG, P = 0.023) compared with control (C; ad libitum-fed) monkeys. DR reduced the baseline fasting hyperinsulinemia of two R monkeys, whereas four C monkeys have maintained from baseline, or subsequently developed, fasting hyperinsulinemia; one has progressed to diabetes. Compared with only the normoinsulinemic C monkeys, R monkeys exhibited similarly improved FSIGTT and minimal-model parameters. Thus chronic DR not only has protected against the development of insulin resistance in aging rhesus monkeys, but has also improved glucoregulatory parameters compared with those of otherwise normoinsulinemic monkeys.

Interactions of cold exposure and starvation on glucose tolerance and insulin response

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. E575-E581 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Vallerand ◽  
J. Lupien ◽  
L. J. Bukowiecki
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

The metabolic interactions of cold exposure, cold acclimation, and starvation on glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels were studied in precannulated, unrestrained, and unanesthetized rats. Cold exposure (48 h at 5 degrees C) significantly reduced the insulin response to intravenous glucose injection (P less than 0.01) while improving glucose tolerance (P less than 0.01). Starvation (48 h at 25 degrees C) also reduced the insulin response (P less than 0.01) but did not significantly alter glucose tolerance. “Accelerated starvation” induced by starving rats for 48 h at 5 degrees C dramatically reduced both basal and glucose-stimulated insulin levels while even improving glucose tolerance, resulting in a 15-fold reduction in the insulinogenic index. Cold acclimation (3 wk at 5 degrees C) induced essentially the same alterations as cold exposure. Approximately reversed changes were observed when cold-acclimated rats were returned to a warm environment for 15–18 h. Results from these studies indicate that 1) cold exposure and starvation, but not cold acclimation, act synergistically in decreasing the sensitivity and/or the capacity of pancreatic islets for secreting insulin in response to glucose stimulation; 2) glucose tolerance and possibly insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues are enhanced by cold exposure and starvation, although glucose tolerance is improved by cold exposure only, not by starvation; 3) an improved glucose tolerance with barely detectable plasma insulin levels was obtained in cold-starved rats under normal physiological conditions.

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