Thyroid hormone dependent nuclear proteins from rat liver

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-572
Author(s):  
Angeles Rodriguez-Pena ◽  
Juan Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Minimum Effective Dose ◽  
Nuclear Level

Abstract. Two nuclear proteins from rat liver were shown to be dependent on thyroid hormones. These proteins were present in the nucleosol or nucleoplasmic fraction, and were extracted from the nuclei with 0.15 m NaCl at pH8. After thyroidectomy, a 120 000-Mr polypeptide decreased in concentration to levels below 10% of normal control rats and another polypeptide of 81 000-Mr was increased. Treatment with T4 at physiological replacement doses for several days restored the levels of both proteins to normal. A single administration of 50 μg T3 induced a detectable increase of 120K after 14 h, with maximal effects at 48 h after administration. The minimum effective dose of T3 on 120K was 0.5 μg administered for three days. Preliminary observations suggest that the response of 81K to thyroid hormones is much more sensitive than that of 120K. The physiological role of these polypeptides is unknown, but they could be involved in the mode of T3 action at the nuclear level.

scholarly journals Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonore Fröhlich ◽  
Richard Wahl
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Metabolic Dysregulation ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Potential Use

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) are classical thyroid hormones and with relatively well-understood actions. In contrast, the physiological role of thyroid hormone metabolites, also circulating in the blood, is less well characterized. These molecules, namely, reverse triiodothyronine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3-iodothyronamine, tetraiodoacetic acid and triiodoacetic acid, mediate both agonistic (thyromimetic) and antagonistic actions additional to the effects of the classical thyroid hormones. Here, we provide an overview of the main factors influencing thyroid hormone action, and then go on to describe the main effects of the metabolites and their potential use in medicine. One section addresses thyroid hormone levels in corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19). It appears that i) the more potently-acting molecules T3 and triiodoacetic acid have shorter half-lives than the less potent antagonists 3-iodothyronamine and tetraiodoacetic acid; ii) reverse T3 and 3,5-diiodothyronine may serve as indicators for metabolic dysregulation and disease, and iii) Nanotetrac may be a promising candidate for treating cancer, and resmetirom and VK2809 for steatohepatitis. Further, the use of L-T3 in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients is critically discussed.

scholarly journals Role of reduced thyroid hormone status on bone mineral metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
X Lourdes Sandy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Status ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Background: The most common endocrine disorder is hypothyroidism which accounts to 11%. Thyroid hormones have a wide array of functions such as physiological growth and development of skeletal system, maintenance of basal metabolic rate and regulation of various metabolisms, including mineral metabolism. Nowadays due to its direct action on bone turn over, thyroid hormones are considered to have an important role on bone mineral metabolism. Thyroid disorders are important cause for secondary osteoporosis. So the present study was done to know the levels of bone minerals, calcium and phosphorus in hypothyroidism and its relation with thyroid hormone levels. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 30 hypothyroid patients and 30 euthyroid healthy controls in the age group of 20-60 years. Blood samples were collected from all the study population. Serum total triiodothyronine, total thyroxine and TSH by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Serum calcium by Arsenazo III method, phosphorous by ammonium molybdate method were estimated. Results: Serum calcium levels in cases was found to significantly reduced when compared to controls (p<0.001). Serum phosphorous levels also showed considerable elevation in cases when compared to controls (p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between TSH and serum calcium in cases. Conclusion: The present study indicated the important role of reduced thyroid hormone status on bone mineral metabolism. This study concludes that serum calcium was significantly reduced and phosphorus levels were significantly increased in hypothyroid patients when compared to euthyroid control subjects. So frequent monitoring of serum calcium and phosphorus in hypothyroid patients would reduce the burden of bone pathologies.

Stimulation of Active Na+and K+Transport by Thyroid Hormone in a Rat Liver Cell Line: Role of Enhanced Na+Entry*

Endocrinology ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 119 (6) ◽  
pp. 2527-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
FARAMARZ ISMAIL-BEIGI ◽  
RICHARD S. HABER ◽  
JOHN N. LOEB
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Cell ◽  
Liver Cell Line ◽  
K Transport ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Two-dimensional gel analysis of rat liver nuclear proteins after thyroidectomy and thyroid hormone treatment.

1981 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 4411-4415 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Nikodem ◽  
B. L. Trus ◽  
J. E. Rall
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Two Dimensional

scholarly journals Importance of experimental conditions in evaluating the malonyl-CoA sensitivity of liver carnitine acyltransferase. Studies with fed and starved rats

1981 ◽  
Vol 200 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J D McGarry ◽  
D W Foster
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Carnitine Acyltransferase ◽  
Malonyl Coa

The experiments reconfirm the powerful inhibitory effect of malonyl-CoA on carnitine acyltransferase I and fatty acid oxidation in rat liver mitochondria (Ki 1.5 microM). Sensitivity decreased with starvation (Ki after 18 h starvation 3.0 microM, and after 42 h 5.0 microM). Observations by Cook, Otto & Cornell [Biochem. J. (1980) 192, 955--958] and Ontko & Johns [Biochem. J. (1980) 192, 959--962] have cast doubt on the physiological role of malonyl-CoA in the regulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis. The high Ki values obtained in the cited studies are shown to be due to incubation conditions that cause substrate depletion, destruction of malonyl-CoA or generation of excessively high concentrations of unbound acyl-CoA (which offsets the competitive inhibition of malonyl-CoA towards carnitine acyltransferase I). The present results are entirely consistent with the postulated role of malonyl-CoA as the primary regulatory of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in rat liver.

scholarly journals Study of the Physiological Role of 3, 3', 4, 4', 5-Pentachlorobiphenyl Inducible 54 kDa Protein in Cytosol of Rat Liver (Proceedings of the 23rd Symposium on Toxicology and Environmental Health)

Eisei kagaku ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. P19-P19
Author(s):  
Takumi ISHIDA ◽  
Megumu HATSUMURA ◽  
Kenji TASAKI ◽  
Ayako FUKUDA ◽  
Yuko YOSHIOKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Physiological Role

Manipulation of thyroid hormones in ruminants - a tool to understand their physiological role and identify their potential for increasing production efficiency

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Villar ◽  
S. M. Rhind ◽  
J. R. Arthur ◽  
P. J. Goddard
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Few Data

Manipulations of thyroid hormone secretion and function can be used to cure thyroidal deficiencies or overactivity and as a tool to investigate their physiological roles and identify potential protocols for enhancing animal performance. An essential approach to the investigation of thyroid hormone action involves the induction of hypothyroidal states. Methods of inducing hypothyroidal states in ruminants include thyroidectomy and treatment with thionamides. There are few data concerning the induction of an optimal degree of hypothyroidism for the study of thyroid function in ruminants, unlike the situation in rodents. The effects of hypothyroidism on the physiology of ruminants, and the relative merits of thyroidectomy or of treatment with thionamides to manipulate thyroid hormone profiles in them, are reviewed and discussed. Thyroidectomy in ruminants induces an acute, irreversible, hypothyroidal state. It also has indirect, predominantly adverse, effects on many physiological processes and impairs health. Thus, thyroidectomised (THX) animals cannot be sustained for long-term studies without thyroid hormone replacement. Antithyroid drugs of the thionamide class, on the other hand, have been used with success to induce varying degrees of hypothyroidism, predominantly less severe than those induced by thyroidectomy. The changes induced by drugs are reversible upon withdrawal of treatment. However, treatment may require daily administration of the drug for several weeks before stable plasma concentrations of thyroid hormone are achieved. Furthermore, at high doses, these drugs can have toxic side effects. It is concluded that the treatment regime of choice will depend on the objectives of the individual study. Knowledge of the activities of thyroid hormone metabolising, deiodinase enzymes in the target tissues is also required if the actions of some of these drugs, their physiological roles in modulation of the thyroid hormones, and, crucially, their potential effects on animal health and production are to be properly understood and exploited.

The Effects of Thyroid Hormone onIn VitroPhosphorylation, Acetylation, and ADP Ribosylation of Rat Liver Nuclear Proteins

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nikodem ◽  
D. Huang ◽  
B. Trus ◽  
J. Rall
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Adp Ribosylation

Description and Partial Characterization of Thyroid Hormone-Specific and Thyroid Hormone-Dependent Rat Liver Nuclear Proteins*

Endocrinology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475-1488 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHARLES P. BARSANO ◽  
ALDO H. COLEONI ◽  
LESLIE J. DEGROOT
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Nuclear Proteins ◽  
Partial Characterization

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE NUCLEOSIDE TRI- AND DIPHOSPHATE ACTIVITIES OF RAT LIVER MICROSOMES

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Ernster ◽  
Lois C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Sodium Deoxycholate ◽  
Inorganic Pyrophosphatase ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
No Activation

Rat liver microsomes catalyze the hydrolysis of the triphosphates of adenosine, guanosine, uridine, cytidine, and inosine into the corresponding diphosphates and inorganic orthophosphate. The activities are stimulated by Na2S2O4, and inhibited by atebrin, chlorpromazine, sodium azide, and deaminothyroxine. Sodium deoxycholate inhibits the ATPase activity in a progressive manner; the release of orthophosphate from GTP and UTP is stimulated by low, and inhibited by high, concentrations of deoxycholate, and that from CTP and ITP is unaffected by low, and inhibited by high, concentrations of deoxycholate. Subfractionation of microsomes with deoxycholate into ribosomal, membrane, and soluble fractions reveals a concentration of the triphosphatase activity in the membrane fraction. Rat liver microsomes also catalyze the hydrolysis of the diphosphates of the above nucleosides into the corresponding monophosphates and inorganic orthophosphate. Deoxycholate strongly enhances the GDPase, UDPase, and IDPase activities while causing no activation or even inhibition of the ADPase and CDPase activities. The diphosphatase is unaffected by Na2S2O4 and is inhibited by azide and deaminothyroxine but not by atebrin or chlorpromazine. Upon fractionation of the microsomes with deoxycholate, a large part of the GDPase, UDPase, and IDPase activities is recovered in the soluble fraction. Mechanical disruption of the microsomes with an Ultra Turrax Blender both activates and releases the GDPase, UDPase, and IDPase activities, and the former effect occurs more readily than the latter. The GDPase, UDPase, and IDPase activities of the rat liver cell reside almost exclusively in the microsomal fraction, as revealed by comparative assays of the mitochondrial, microsomal, and final supernatant fractions of the homogenate. The microsomes exhibit relatively low nucleoside monophosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase activities, and these are unaffected by deoxycholate or mechanical treatment. Different approaches toward the function of the liver microsomal nucleoside tri- and diphosphatases are reported, and the possible physiological role of the two enzymes is discussed.

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