scholarly journals Anti-Müllerian hormone and polycystic ovary syndrome: a mountain too high?

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 825-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Pellatt ◽  
Suman Rice ◽  
Helen D Mason
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Primordial Follicle ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Inhibitory Role ◽  
Mullerian Ducts ◽  
Human Ovaries ◽  
Follicle Selection

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was initially thought to be produced solely by the foetal male during sexual differentiation to promote regression of the Müllerian ducts. Over the last decade, however, a new and interesting role has emerged for AMH in the ovary. In human ovaries, AMH is produced by granulosa cells from 36 weeks of gestation until menopause, with the highest expression being in small antral follicles. AMH production gradually declines as follicles grow; once follicles reach a size at which they are dominant, it has largely disappeared. Its removal from these larger follicles appears to be an important requirement for dominant follicle selection and progression to ovulation as AMH has an inhibitory role in the ovary, reducing both primordial follicle initiation and follicle sensitivity to FSH by inhibition of aromatase. It is for this reason that AMH is a focus of interest in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Serum levels are doubled, and granulosa cell production is greatly increased. Interestingly, there appear to be two groups of women with PCOS who can be distinguished by their AMH level: one group consists of those who have high levels which do not reduce with treatment and who respond less well to induction of ovulation, and a second group consists of those in whom the level is less elevated and reduces on treatment and who seem to respond rather better. Understanding the reason for the raised AMH in PCOS may give clues as to the mechanism of anovulation. To conclude, AMH appears to have a major inhibitory role during folliculogenesis, which may contribute to anovulation in PCOS.

Growth of the dominant follicle is similar to normal in patients with gonadotrophin-stimulated polycystic ovary syndrome exhibiting monofollicular development during a decremental dose regimen

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick C Schoot ◽  
Wim C Hop ◽  
Thierry D Pache ◽  
Frank H de Jong ◽  
Bart CJM Fauser
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Dose Regimen ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

The aim of this study was to investigate the late follicular phase of seven gonadotrophin-treated patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibiting monofollicular growth and to compare developmental characteristics with the dominant follicle in seven regularly cycling control women. Daily serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in patients with PCOS decreased more rapidly compared to controls (−0.3±0.2 IU/day in controls versus −0.7±0.4 IU/day in PCOS; p<0.02). No statistically significant differences were seen in daily increase (30% in controls and PCOS) and mean peak levels (825±94 pmol/l in controls versus 937±231 pmol/l in PCOS) of oestradiol (E2) serum levels when comparing both groups. Mean daily growth of the dominant follicle (1.7±0.4 mm in controls versus 1.9±0.6 mm in PCOS) was not significantly different. It is concluded from the present study that in patients with PCOS treated with gonadotrophin plus adjuvant gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist, development of a single follicle can occur using a decreasing dose regimen resulting in decreasing serum FSH levels. In addition, growth and oestrogen production by the dominant follicle in PCOS is not significantly different from follicle growth under normal conditions.

scholarly journals Physical Performance Regarding Handgrip Strength in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 811-819
Author(s):  
Gislaine Satyko Kogure ◽  
Victor Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Flávia Ganoa de Oliveira Gennaro ◽  
Rui Alberto Ferriani ◽  
Cristiana Libardi Miranda-Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Pcos Group

Abstract Objective The present study aimed to investigate the physical performance of handgrip strength (HGS) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods A case-control study that included 70 women with PCOS and 93 age-matched healthy women aged between 18 and 47 years with body mass index (BMI) between 18 Kg/m2–39.9 Kg/m2. The serum levels of total testosterone, androstenedione, insulin, estradiol, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) were measured. The free androgen index (FAI) and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. The body composition regions of interest (ROIs) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the handgrip strength (HGS) was evaluated for both the dominant and the non-dominant hands with a manual Sammons Preston (Bolingbrook, IL, US) bulb dynamometer. Results Women with PCOS had high serum levels of total testosterone (p < 0.01), androstenedione (p = 0.03), and insulin (p < 0.01), as well as high FAI (p < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.01) scores. Compared with the non-PCOS group, the PCOS group had greater total lean mass in the dominant hand (p < 0.03) and greater HGS in both the dominant and the non-dominant hands (p < 0.01). The HGS was correlated with lean mass (p < 0.01). Conclusion Women with PCOS have greater HGS. This may be associated with age and BMI, and it may be related to lean mass. In addition, the dominance effect on muscle mass may influence the physical performance regarding HGS in women with PCOS.

scholarly journals Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction alleviated hyperandrogenism in a letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by inhibition of NF-κB activation

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-yun Shao ◽  
Zhuang-peng Chang ◽  
Yao Cheng ◽  
Xin-chun Wang ◽  
Jing-ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Protein Levels

Abstract Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction (SGD) has been widely used for the treatment of gynopathy. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of SGD on hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats. In the present work, SGD was orally administrated to the PCOS rats at the dose of 12.5, 25, and 50 g/kg/d for 14 consecutive days. UPLC–MS/MS was performed to identify the main chemical components of SGD. Body weight, ovarian weight, cystic dilating follicles, and serum levels of steroid hormones were tested to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SGD. In order to further clarify the underlying mechanism, we also measured mRNA and the protein levels of NF-κB, NF-κB p65, P-NF-κB p65, and IκB by RT-qPCR and Western blotting techniques. Our results showed that SGD treatment significantly alleviated hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats as evidenced by reduced serum levels of T and increased E2 and FSH levels. In addition, SGD effectively reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and increased the expression of IκB. Results of the present study demonstrated that SGD could ameliorate hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats, and the potential mechanism may relate to the NF-κB pathway.

scholarly journals Polycystic ovary syndrome associated with increased adiposity interferes with serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 differently from leptin and adiponectin

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Nathália Sigilló Cardoso ◽  
Victor Barbosa Ribeiro ◽  
Sabrina Graziani Veloso Dutra ◽  
Rui Alberto Ferriani ◽  
Ada Clarice Gastaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Ovary Syndrome

scholarly journals Serum Melatonin in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Folia Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora D. Terzieva ◽  
Maria M. Orbetzova ◽  
Mitko D. Mitkov ◽  
Nonka G. Mateva
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Women

ABSTRACT There has been a surge of interest in recent years in studying the changes of serum melatonin concentrations in disorders that are associated with insulin resistance such as diabetes mellitus type 2 and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). AIM: The present study was designed to investigate the day-time and night-time levels of serum melatonin and the cortisol rhythm in women with PCOS and compare them with those of healthy women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a case-control study which included 30 women with PCOS and 25 healthy women. All hormonal measurements in both the study group and controls were carried out between days 3 and 5 counted from the beginning of the last regular menstrual cycle; they included serum levels of melatonin and cortisol at 03:00 a.m and 08:00 a.m, total testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and immunoreactive insulin at 08:00 a.m. RESULTS: Women with PCOS were found to have a significantly higher melatonin level at 08:00 a.m. and smaller mean night-day difference in the concentrations of melatonin in comparison with those of healthy women (natural log (Ln) night-day difference 0.60 ± 0.10 pg/ml versus 1.15 ± 0.14, p < 0.002). Melatonin to cortisol ratios at 03:00 a.m. and 08:00 a.m. showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups (Ln melatonin/ cortisol 03:00 a.m., 1.01 ± 0.06 versus 1.05 ± 0.05; Ln melatonin/cortisol at 08:00 a.m., 0.62 ± 0.01 versus 0.56 ± 0.03, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results we obtained about the changes of melatonin in women with PCOS could help in elucidating the complex pathophysiological pattern of this disease.

Increased Expression of KISS1 and KISS1 Receptor in Human Granulosa Lutein Cells—Potential Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai-Lun Hu ◽  
Hongcui Zhao ◽  
Zheying Min ◽  
Yilei He ◽  
Tianjie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Highly Correlated

Kisspeptins are a family of neuropeptides that are essential for fertility. Recent experimental data suggest a putative role of kisspeptin signaling in the direct control of ovarian function. To explore the expression of KISS1 and KISS1 receptor (KISS1R) in human granulosa lutein cells and the potential role of KISS1/KISS1R system in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), we measured the concentration of KISS1 in follicular fluid, the expression of KISS1 and KISS1R in granulosa lutein cells, and the circulating hormones. The expression levels of KISS1 and KISS1R were significantly upregulated in human granulosa lutein cells obtained from women with PCOS. The expression levels of KISS1 in human granulosa lutein cells highly correlated with those of KISS1R in non-PCOS patients, but not in patients with PCOS, most likely due to the divergent expression patterns in women with PCOS. Additionally, the expression levels of KISS1 highly correlated with the serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). The expression levels of KISS1 and KISS1R, as well as the follicular fluid levels of KISS1, were not significantly different between the pregnant and nonpregnant patients in both PCOS and non-PCOS groups. In conclusion, the increased expression of KISS1 and KISS1R in human granulosa lutein cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of PCOS. The expression levels of KISS1 highly correlated with the serum levels of AMH. The KISS1 and KISS1R system in the ovary may not have a remarkable role in predicting the in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome.

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