scholarly journals Immunolocalization of androgen receptors in the canine ovary and their relation to sex steroid hormone concentrations

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 711-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Vermeirsch ◽  
P Simoens ◽  
M Coryn ◽  
W Van den Broeck
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone

Androgens play an essential role as autocrine or paracrine agents in ovarian follicular growth, maturation and luteinization. The aim of this study was to describe the normal cellular distribution of androgen receptors in the canine ovary at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Samples of both ovaries were obtained from 34 dogs, including six pregnant animals and three that had just produced litters. Presence of androgen receptors was visualized by immunohistochemistry on paraffin wax sections using a polyclonal antibody. Nuclear staining for androgen receptors was observed in the surface epithelium, cortical tubules, rete ovarii, follicle cells, thecal cells, luteal cells, granulosa cell cords and ovarian stroma, indicating that androgens have important roles in ovarian function in bitches. In theca interna cells of tertiary follicles, androgen production seems to be more important than androgen receptivity, as immunostaining for androgen receptors in these cells was weak compared with that in other ovarian stromal cells. In primordial and primary follicles, the immunostaining for androgen receptors was rather weak, indicating that androgens are of minor importance in early preantral follicles. In follicle cells of larger preantral and antral follicles, the immunostaining for androgen receptors increased with the stage of the follicle. Corpora lutea expressed less immunostaining, which was not correlated with serum progesterone concentrations, although local actions of progesterone on androgen receptors in corpora lutea cannot be excluded. In general, few correlations were found between immunostaining for androgen receptors and serum sex steroid concentrations, indicating that other factors regulate androgen receptors in the canine ovary.

scholarly journals Immunolocalization of progesterone receptors in the canine ovary and their relation to sex steroid hormone concentrations

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Vermeirsch ◽  
P Simoens ◽  
M Coryn ◽  
W Van den Broeck
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Thecal Cells

The aim of the present study was to describe the normal cellular distribution of progesterone receptors in the canine ovary at different stages of the oestrous cycle. Samples of both ovaries were obtained from 75 healthy adult bitches of various breeds and ages, including five pregnant bitches and three bitches that had just delivered. The presence of progesterone receptors was visualized by immunohistochemistry on paraffin wax sections using a monoclonal antibody. Nuclear staining for progesterone receptors was observed in the surface epithelium, cortical tubules, rete ovarii, follicle cells, thecal cells, luteal cells, granulosa cell cords and ovarian stroma. The staining intensity for progesterone receptors in the follicle cells increased with the stage of follicle development, indicating an intrafollicular role of progesterone in the mechanism of ovulation and luteinization. The stronger staining intensities for progesterone receptors in thecal cells compared with follicle cells may be explained by the fact that thecal cells mediate some effects of steroid hormones on the follicle cells in secondary and tertiary follicles. Little correlation was found between the expression of progesterone receptors in follicle cells and oestradiol, progesterone or testosterone concentrations. This finding indicates a different regulating mechanism for progesterone receptors in canine ovarian follicles compared with other tissues of the genital tract. During pregnancy all groups of ovarian cells had lower staining intensity scores than during the oestrous cycle, although the sex steroid hormone concentrations in pregnant bitches were similar to those in non-pregnant bitches during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. The lower expression of progesterone receptors during pregnancy may be due to higher tissue concentrations of progesterone that are not reflected in the serum because of haemodilution and increased metabolism and clearance during pregnancy.

Immunolocalization of sex steroid hormone receptors in the canine uterine tube and their relation to sex steroid hormone levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Vermeirsch ◽  
Wim Van Den Broeck ◽  
Mark Coryn ◽  
Paul Simoens
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Uterine Tube

The aim of this immunohistochemical study was to describe the cellular distribution of the estrogen receptor-α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) in canine uterine tubes. Samples of uterine tubes were taken from dogs in different stages of the estrous cycle, and dogs that were pregnant or had just delivered. Nuclear staining for sex steroid hormone receptors was observed in the surface epithelium, stromal cells and smooth muscle cells of the muscular layer. Only slight differences in staining pattern were observed between the ampulla and fimbriae. The staining for ERα and PR showed changes throughout the estrous cycle. Some of these changes were related to changing concentrations of sex steroid hormones. High staining scores for ERα and PR were found during proestrus and low scores during early metestrus. The staining for AR showed only minor cyclic changes. However, during proestrus and estrus, cytoplasmic staining for AR was observed in differentiated secretory epithelial cells, when nuclear staining in these cells was nearly absent. For the three hormone receptors, stromal cells generally stained with a higher intensity than epithelial cells. It is likely that many steroid hormone actions on the epithelium are mediated through stromal cells. During pregnancy, rather high staining scores were found for ERα and AR in the uterine tube. This is in contrast to observations in the canine pregnant uterus.

IN-VITRO STEROIDOGENESIS OF NEWLY FORMED CORPORA LUTEA AND THE NON-LUTEAL OVARY IN THE RAT, RABBIT, HAMSTER AND GUINEA-PIG

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. TERRANOVA ◽  
S. K. SAIDAPUR ◽  
G. S. GREENWALD
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Baseline Levels

The steroidogenic abilities of the newly formed corpus luteum (8–10 h after ovulation) and the non-luteal ovary were compared in the guinea-pig, hamster, rabbit and rat using an invitro incubation technique. Histologically, newly formed rat corpora lutea (CL) were highly luteinized whereas the CL of the rabbit and guinea-pig were only partially luteinized. The CL of the hamster showed the least amount of luteinization. Serum progesterone was highest in the rat (18 ± 3 (s.e.m.) ng/ml). In the hamster, it was about 8 ng/ml, whereas in the rabbit and guinea-pig it was about 1 ng/ml. Serum androstenedione ranged between 0·5 and 1 ng/ml. Serum testosterone was lowest in the hamster (60 pg/ml) and highest in the rabbit (470 pg/ml), whereas in the rat and guinea-pig, testosterone levels were similar (about 240 pg/ml). Serum oestrogens were at baseline levels in all species. The CL of the rat exhibited considerably greater steroidogenic ability than the CL of the other species, producing 70 ± 6 ng progesterone/mg per h, 215 ± 14 pg androstenedione/mg per h, 49 ± 3 pg testosterone/mg per h, 3 pg oestrone/mg per h and 1 pg oestradiol/mg per h. Rabbit CL produced only progesterone (7 ± 2 ng/mg per h). Newly formed hamster CL produced none of the above steroids. In general, the ability of the CL to produce progesterone in vitro correlated with the degree of luteinization found by histological observation. Guinea-pig CL were embedded deeply in the ovary and could not be obtained without damage. Consequently, a portion of the ovary containing a corpus luteum was incubated. There was no difference in the steroid production by this portion of the ovary compared with the non-luteal ovary. The non-luteal ovary of the rat produced the highest amount of progesterone (10 ± 2 ng/mg per h). The guinea-pig non-luteal ovary produced about 5 ± 2 ng progesterone/mg per h, whereas the non-luteal ovary of the rabbit did not produce any. On the other hand, the hamster non-luteal ovary lost progesterone. Non-luteal ovaries from all species produced androgens. The non-luteal ovary of the guinea-pig contained especially large numbers of atretic antral follicles. The guinea-pig non-luteal ovary produced extremely large amounts of androstenedione (1110 ± 210 pg/mg per h) and testosterone (606 ± 154 pg/mg per h) compared with the amounts produced by the non-luteal ovary of the rat, hamster and rabbit. In the non-luteal ovary, interstitium and atretic antral follicles are the probable source of androgens. Oestrogen production by the non-luteal ovary was at baseline levels in the four species studied correlating with the absence of healthy antral follicles. The results indicate the extreme species differences that exist in ovarian function in the early postovulatory period.

105 P75 Neuronal Cells and Fibers in the Bovine Ovary

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
R. Carrasco ◽  
C. E. Leonardi ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
G. P. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Ovarian Follicle ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Immunoreactive Neuron ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Bovine Ovary

Neurotrophins are molecules involved in the development and survival of neurons and its cellular projections. Results of recent studies have implicated the local role of the high affinity neurotropin receptor, trkA, in bovine ovarian follicle selection and early luteogenesis (Carrasco et al. 2016 Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 14, 47), but innervation and neuropeptide control remains an unexplored aspect of ovarian function. P75 is the low-affinity receptor for all neurotrophins and is expressed in ovarian tissue. The objective of this study was to explore the distribution of P75 neurons and fibres within the ovary and to examine the relationship of these components with follicular development. The ovaries of cows (n = 5) were collected at the time of slaughter, 36 h after induced luteolysis (i.e. proestrus). The ovaries were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 48 h, and samples from the ovarian hilus, medulla, and cortex (3 blocks per ovary) were cryo-sectioned (20–50 µm). Tissue sections were incubated for 48 h with a rabbit antibody against rat P75 or a mouse monoclonal antibody against neurofilament. Immunodetection was visualised by an amplification procedure with horseradish peroxidase using nickel DAB as a chromogen. Sections were counterstained with nuclear fast red for follicle identification. Immunoreactive cell bodies were counted in 10 to 20 fields (40×) per section, and data were expressed based on ovarian areas (cortex, medulla, or hilus) as an average count per 40× field per animal. Data among ovarian regions were compared by ANOVA; differences were considered significant when P < 0.05. Antral follicles ≤5 mm displayed strong immunoreactivity in the theca layer, without reaction in the granulosa cells. In contrast, preovulatory follicles were devoid of P75 immuno-reactivity in the theca layer. Oval P75 immunoreactive neuron-like cells were present in all ovarian areas studied. The neuronal nature of the P75 immunoreactive cells was confirmed by the presence of a similar pattern when adjacent sections were stained for neurofilaments, a protein characteristic of neurons. In the stroma of the ovarian cortex and medulla, neurons were present individually (scattered) rather than grouped; however, a dense network of neurons and fibres was detected immediately beneath the ovarian surface epithelium. No differences between the cortex, medulla, and hilus were found in the mean number of immunoreactive cells (10.6 ± 2.8, 14.4 ± 3.6 and 13.9 ± 2.0 cells/40× field, respectively). Immunoreactive neuron-like cells and fibres were in close proximity to blood vessels in the ovarian medulla. Corpora lutea were devoid of P75 immunoreactivity. In conclusion, results document the existence of a neuronal network in the bovine ovary, displaying an association with follicles at different stages of development. The abundance of neuronal components (i.e. neuron cell bodies and axons) in the ovarian stromal and surface epithelium implies a role of innervation (either extrinsic or intrinsic) in the control of ovarian follicular development and function. Research was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

scholarly journals Effects of ginseng on two main sex steroid hormone receptors: estrogen and androgen receptors

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonwoo Park ◽  
Heewon Song ◽  
Si-Kwan Kim ◽  
Myeong Soo Lee ◽  
Dong-Kwon Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Androgen Receptors ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone

Immunolocalization of sex steroid hormone receptors in canine vaginal and vulvar tissue and their relation to sex steroid hormone levels

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Vermeirsch ◽  
Wim Van Den Broeck ◽  
Paul Simoens
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Vaginal Epithelium ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Cyclic Changes ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

The aim of this immunohistochemical study was to describe the cellular distribution of the estrogen receptor-α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and androgen receptor (AR) in canine vaginal and vulvar tissue. Samples were taken from dogs in different stages of the estrous cycle. Nuclear staining for ERα, PR and AR was observed in surface epithelium, stromal and smooth muscle cells. Receptors were also expressed in vulvar skin. Cytoplasmic staining for AR was observed in basal and parabasal cell layers of vulvar and vaginal epithelium. For all three receptors, staining intensity was generally higher in stromal cells compared with epithelial cells, suggesting that stromal cells may be more receptive to steroid hormone action. Therefore, as in other tissues of the female genital tract, stromal-epithelial interactions induced by sex steroid hormones may be of importance in canine vaginal and vulvar tissues. No cyclic changes in receptor immunostaining were observed. Significant positive correlations were found between receptor immunostaining in some vaginal and vulvar cell groups and the serum concentrations of estradiol-17β and testosterone, but not with the serum progesterone concentration. Significant negative correlations were found between ERα immunostaining in epithelial and stromal cells of the vagina and the serum estradiol-17α concentration, suggesting a negative feedback mechanism between estradiol-17β and its receptor. Both cell types play a role in the differentiation of vaginal epithelium, under the influence of estradiol-17β

Female sex steroid induced gallbladder epithelium changes and gallstone deposits in female hamsters: TEM and SEM aspects

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
S. Karkare ◽  
J. Gilloteaux ◽  
T. R. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Gallstone Formation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Purina Chow

Approximately 1 million people in the United States alone develop gallstones each year. The incidence is higher in women than in men and the ratio being 4 ≥ 1. A correlation has also been suggested between oral contraceptives and cholelithiasis. In addition, postmenopausal or cancer estrogen therapy has been reported to be a factor responsible for gallstone formation. Female sex hormone receptors have been detected not only in the gallbladder musculature, but also in its epithelium. As a follow up to experiments effectuated in the male and the ovariectomized Syrian hamster, this report shows that, a combination of a low cholesterol diet with female sex steroid treatment contributes to the formation of gallstone-like deposits, while modifying the surface epithelium morphology. Syrian hamsters (F1B strain, BioBreeders, Watertown MA) were housed under 12h light: 12 h dark cycle, at 20 °C, fed Purina chow and water ad libitum. Several duration/treatment groups were studied, but this report will focus on data obtained with the group injected weekly with estradiol valerate (E weekly, s.c. 8-10 μg/100 g.b.w., in corn oil) and with i.m. medroxyprogesterone acetate (DepoProvera Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI; 8-10 mg/100 g.b.w.) for a 3-month period. Other parameters (blood and bile) were also studied but not reported here.

scholarly journals Associations between female lung cancer risk and sex steroid hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence on endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zeng ◽  
Zhuoyu Yang ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
Yan Wen ◽  
Zheng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sex Steroid ◽  
Sex Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Exposure ◽  
Female Lung Cancer

Abstract Background Published findings suggest sex differences in lung cancer risk and a potential role for sex steroid hormones. Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of sex steroid hormone exposure specifically on the risk of lung cancer in women. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for female lung cancer risk associated with sex steroid hormones were calculated overall and by study design, publication year, population, and smoking status. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias, and subgroup analysis were performed. Results Forty-eight studies published between 1987 and 2019 were included in the study with a total of 31,592 female lung cancer cases and 1,416,320 subjects without lung cancer. Overall, higher levels of sex steroid hormones, both endogenous (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98) and exogenous (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.93), significantly decreased the risk of female lung cancer by 10% (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95). The risk of lung cancer decreased more significantly with a higher level of sex steroid hormones in non-smoking women (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) than in smoking women (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.77–1.03), especially in Asia women (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.96). Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals an association between higher levels of sex steroid hormone exposure and the decreased risk of female lung cancer. Surveillance of sex steroid hormones might be used for identifying populations at high risk for lung cancer, especially among non-smoking women.

scholarly journals A rodent model of human dose-equivalent progestin-only implantable contraception

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather C. M. Allaway ◽  
Roger A. Pierson ◽  
Jesse Invik ◽  
Susan A. Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Long-acting, reversible contraceptives (LARC; progestin only) are an increasingly common hormonal contraceptive choice in reproductive aged women looking to suppress ovarian function and menstrual cyclicity. The overall objective was to develop and validate a rodent model of implanted etonogestrel (ENG) LARC, at body size equivalent doses to the average dose received by women during each of the first 3 years of ENG subdermal rod LARC use. Methods Intact, virgin, female Sprague-Dawley rats (16-wk-old) were randomized to 1 of 4 groups (n = 8/group) of ENG LARC (high-0.30μg/d, medium-0.17μg/d, low-0.09μg/d, placebo-0.00μg/d) via a slow-release pellet implanted subcutaneously. Animals were monitored for 21 days before and 29 days following pellet implantation using vaginal smears, ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM), saphenous blood draws, food consumption, and body weights. Data were analyzed by chi-square, non-parametric, univariate, and repeated measures 2-way ANOVA. Results Prior to pellet implantation there was no difference in time spent in estrus cycle phases among the treatment groups (p > 0.30). Following pellet implantation there was a dose-dependent impact on the time spent in diestrus and estrus (p < 0.05), with the high dose group spending more days in diestrus and fewer days in estrus. Prior to pellet insertion there was not an association between treatment group and estrus cycle classification (p = 0.57) but following pellet implantation there was a dose-dependent association with cycle classification (p < 0.02). Measurements from the UBM (ovarian volume, follicle count, corpora lutea count) indicate an alteration of ovarian function following pellet implantation. Conclusion Assessment of estrus cyclicity indicated a dose-response relationship in the shift to a larger number of acyclic rats and longer in duration spent in the diestrus phase. Therefore, each dose in this model mimics some of the changes observed in the ovaries of women using ENG LARC and provides an opportunity for investigating the impacts on non-reproductive tissues in the future.

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