Metabolism of Nitrate in Humans — Implications for Nitrate Intake

Groundwater nitrate contamination has been a subject of concern because nitrate salts can induce infant methemoglobinemia and possibly human gastric cancer. In general, nitrates in drinking water may not be the main component of total nitrate intake, but nitrate-contaminated drinking water can make an important contribution to total nitrate intake. In this paper, a nitrate risk-assessment methodology is developed to assist decision makers in estimating human health risks corresponding to a particular nitrate dose to humans and in determining whether regulatory action must be taken to reduce the health risks. The case of a community with a nitrate water quality problem is used to illustrate the nitrate risk assessment methodology. The uncertainty associated with assessing health risks of nitrate and its impact on results are represented by using a fuzzy-set approach and incorporated into the nitrate risk assessment methodology. Therefore, a nitrate risk assessment can be made that is more realistic and appropriate than the one made without taking uncertainty into account.

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Monitoring and exposure assessment of nitrate intake via fruits and vegetables in high and low risk areas for gastric cancer

Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering ◽

10.1007/s40201-019-00363-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 445-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hamid Reza Ghaffari ◽

Simin Nasseri ◽

Masud Yunesian ◽

Ramin Nabizadeh ◽

Farhad Pourfarzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Exposure Assessment ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Low Risk ◽

Nitrate Intake ◽

Risk Areas

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Nitrate poisoning in cattle. 6. Tungsten (wolfram) as a prophylactic against nitrate-nitrite intoxication in ruminants.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v29i1.17018 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 37-47

Author(s):

A. Korzeniowski ◽

J.H. Geurink ◽

A. Kemp

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Sodium Tungstate ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Potassium Nitrate ◽

Triangular Diagram ◽

Degree Of Protection ◽

Nitrate Intake ◽

High Degree ◽

The Relationship ◽

Nitrite Intoxication

The amount of nitrite formed in the rumen after supply of potassium nitrate was decreased considerably by tungsten, which was administered as sodium tungstate to cows orally and by rumen fistula in daily doses of up to 6.6 mg per kg body weight. This effect of tungsten depends on the molybdenum content of the fodder and can be overcome in the case of high molybdenum levels. The relationship between the nitrate intake of the animal, the dose of tungsten administered to the animal daily and the highest concentration of nitrite reached in the rumen is given as a mathematical equation as well as in the form of a triangular diagram. By means of this three-element relationship and as a result of kinetic studies on the action of tungsten, a dosage pattern of tungsten was elaborated. The effectiveness of tungsten as a protective against nitrate intoxication was proved on cows dosed repeatedly as well as with single doses of nitrate up to 500 mg NO3 per kg body weight. It is concluded finally that tungsten offers a high degree of protection against nitrate toxicity to ruminants. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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