Nitrate poisoning in cattle. 6. Tungsten (wolfram) as a prophylactic against nitrate-nitrite intoxication in ruminants.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
A. Korzeniowski ◽  
J.H. Geurink ◽  
A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Tungstate ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Triangular Diagram ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Nitrate Intake ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nitrite Intoxication

The amount of nitrite formed in the rumen after supply of potassium nitrate was decreased considerably by tungsten, which was administered as sodium tungstate to cows orally and by rumen fistula in daily doses of up to 6.6 mg per kg body weight. This effect of tungsten depends on the molybdenum content of the fodder and can be overcome in the case of high molybdenum levels. The relationship between the nitrate intake of the animal, the dose of tungsten administered to the animal daily and the highest concentration of nitrite reached in the rumen is given as a mathematical equation as well as in the form of a triangular diagram. By means of this three-element relationship and as a result of kinetic studies on the action of tungsten, a dosage pattern of tungsten was elaborated. The effectiveness of tungsten as a protective against nitrate intoxication was proved on cows dosed repeatedly as well as with single doses of nitrate up to 500 mg NO3 per kg body weight. It is concluded finally that tungsten offers a high degree of protection against nitrate toxicity to ruminants. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Effectiveness of Vancomycin Against Gaffkemia, the Bacterial Disease of Lobsters (Genus Homarus)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Stewart ◽  
B. Arie
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Complete Protection ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Aerococcus Viridans ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Established Infection

The antibiotics vancomycin, penicillin G, novobiocin, and oxytetracycline were examined for in vivo effectiveness against gaffkemia, the fatal bacterial infection of lobsters (genus Homarus) caused by Aerococcus viridans (var.) homari (formerly Gaffkya homari). Only vancomycin was truly effective against an established infection and then only when given at high levels (25 mg/kg lobster body weight) in the early stages of infection, prior to development of hemolymph bacterial numbers in excess of 3 × 104/ml or coincident hepatopancreatic bacterial levels of 1 × 107/g. Even massive cumulative doses (500 mg vancomycin/kg body weight), when given after establishment of maximum bacterial numbers, failed to impede the infection. Rates for the clearance of vancomycin from lobsters, established by using three different concentrations (25, 10, and 5 mg/kg body weight, respectively), were extremely slow and markedly concentration dependent. Twenty-five milligrams vancomycin/kg body weight injected prior to infection still gave a high degree of protection against challenge with the pathogen 50 days later in lobsters held at 15 C. One milligram vancomycin/kg body weight administered prior to infection gave complete protection against gaffkemia for 15 days after the antibiotic had been administered.

TO STUDY THE DYNAMICS OF IMMUNITY IN BLACK-AND-WHITE COWS DEPENDING ON AGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
М.В. ДОВЫДЕНКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Проведена статистическая обработка сформированной базы данных показателей неспецифической резистентности MS «Excel» с целью изучения динамики иммунитета по параметрам бактерицидной, лизоцимной и фагоцитарной активности у крупного рогатого скота черно-пестрой породы разных возрастов. Было установлено, что средние значения показателей лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности у телят в 6 мес были ниже (47,89% и 49,09%, соответственно), чем у животных в 3—4 года (53,75% и 52,81%). Выведено уравнение регрессии, описывающее взаимосвязь между средними показателями фагоцитарной активности и возрастом при высокой степени достоверности (R2=0,90). Изменения лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности в зависимости от возраста были недостоверными (R2=0,58 и R2=0,49, соответственно). Установлена высокая корреляция между бактерицидной и лизоцимной активностью. Отмечена динамика изменения неспецифического иммунитета у коров различных возрастных групп. Создание баз данных и постоянный мониторинг основных показателей естественной резистентности в зависимости от различных факторов (породы, возраста, стадий лактации, кормления, способов содержания), которые влияют на данные показатели, необходимо для оценки физиологического состояния организма животных и их устойчивости к болезням. Statistical processing of the generated MS "Excel" on indicators of non-specific resistance database was carried out with the aim of studying the dynamics of the development of immunity in terms of bactericidal, lysozyme and phagocytic activity in black-and-white cattle of different ages. It was found that the average values of indicators of lysozyme and bactericidal activity in calves at 6 months were lower (47.89% and 49.09%, respectively) than in animals at the age of 3—4 years (53.75% and 52.81%). The equation of regression was derived, it describes the relationship between the average indicators of phagocytic activity and the age with a high degree of reliability (R2=0.90). The changes in lysozyme and bactericidal activity depending on age were dubious (R2=0.58 and R2=0.49, respectively). The high correlation between bactericidal and lysozyme activity was established. It was noticed that the cows of different age groups experienced the dynamics of changes in nonspecific immunity. The creation of databases and constant monitoring of the main indicators of natural resistance, depending on various factors (breed, age, stages of lactation, feeding, methods of keeping) that affect these indicators, is necessary for assessing the physiological state of the animals’ body of and their resistance to diseases.

scholarly journals Advertising Media Impact in Consumer Buying Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Ashmita Dahal Chhetri
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Media Impact ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Buying Behaviors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

Advertisements have been used for many years to influence the buying behaviors of the consumers. Advertisements are helpful in creating the awareness and perception among the customers of a product. This particular research was conducted on the 100 young male and female who use different brands of product to check the influence of advertisement on their buying behavior while creating the awareness and building the perceptions. Correlation, regression and other statistical tools were used to identify the relationship between these variables. The results revealed that the relationship between media and consumer behavior is positive. The adve1tising impact on sales and there is positive and high degree relationship between advertising and consumer behavior. The impact on advertising of a product of electronic media is better than non-electronic media.

Glycogenolytic rates and cAMP in livers of rats running at different treadmill speeds

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. R353-R356
Author(s):  
W. W. Winder ◽  
M. A. Beattie ◽  
E. O. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Camp Concentration ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Camp Levels ◽  
Liver Glycogenolysis

The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of different work rates on the rate of liver glycogenolysis and to determine the relationship between liver adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels and the glycogenolytic rate. Rats were run at treadmill speeds ranging from 10 to 34 m/min up a 15% grade for either 30 or 60 min. Both the magnitude of the decrease in liver glycogen and the increase in hepatic cAMP were dependent on the running speed and the duration of running. At the highest work rate a disproportionate acceleration in the liver glycogenolytic rate was observed compared with that at lower work loads, thus resulting in a curvilinear relationship between work rate and liver glycogenolytic rate. A high degree of correlation was found between the liver glycogenolytic rate and hepatic cAMP concentration (r = 0.98). This observation is consistent with the idea that hepatic glycogenolytic rates are determined by cAMP-mediated mechanisms.

PSVI-8 Meta-regression Analysis to Determine the Relationship Between Growing Pig Body Weight and Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Andres Fernando T Russi ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The swine industry has been constantly evolving to select animals with improved performance traits and to minimize variation in body weight (BW) in order to meet packer specifications. Therefore, understanding variation presents an opportunity for producers to find strategies that could help reduce, manage, or deal with variation of pigs in a barn. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by collecting data from multiple studies and available data sets in order to develop prediction equations for coefficient of variation (CV) and standard deviation (SD) as a function of BW. Information regarding BW variation from 16 papers was recorded to provide approximately 204 data points. Together, these data included 117,268 individually weighed pigs with a sample size that ranged from 104 to 4,108 pigs. A random-effects model with study used as a random effect was developed. Observations were weighted using sample size as an estimate for precision on the analysis, where larger data sets accounted for increased accuracy in the model. Regression equations were developed using the nlme package of R to determine the relationship between BW and its variation. Polynomial regression analysis was conducted separately for each variation measurement. When CV was reported in the data set, SD was calculated and vice versa. The resulting prediction equations were: CV (%) = 20.04 – 0.135 × (BW) + 0.00043 × (BW)2, R2=0.79; SD = 0.41 + 0.150 × (BW) - 0.00041 × (BW)2, R2 = 0.95. These equations suggest that there is evidence for a decreasing quadratic relationship between mean CV of a population and BW of pigs whereby the rate of decrease is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market. Conversely, the rate of increase of SD of a population of pigs is smaller as mean pig BW increases from birth to market.

Sino-Japanese Reactive Diplomacy as Seen Through the Interplay of the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision (FOIP)

China Report ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
Stephen Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Road Maps ◽  
Process Oriented ◽  
Development Trajectories ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The Indo-Pacific region is now home to at least two competing regionalism road maps, China’s Belt Road Initiative (BRI) and Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific Vision (FOIP). Through comparing their respective development trajectories, this article examines the relationship between these two regionalisation initiatives. Key lines of enquiry include the following: Is the interaction between the BRI and the FOIP Vision reactive, proactive or both? Why has each initiative changed its trajectory? How can we characterise these competing initiatives? This article employs a regionalism matrix analysis that compares two different approaches, integration from a ‘rational-legal perspective’ with an emphasis on broad cooperation and state sovereignty from a ‘process-oriented perspective’ with a focus on exact goals. It finds that the BRI focuses on both a high degree of state sovereignty based on a ‘process-oriented perspective’ and exact cooperation. In contrast, FOIP stresses integration through a ‘rational-legal perspective’, broad cooperation and a shared rules-based order. Furthermore, there is a reactive interplay between these two regionalism frameworks that shapes their orientation and influences their focus.

When Religion Hurts: Structural Sexism and Health in Religious Congregations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000312242199668
Author(s):  
Patricia Homan ◽  
Amy Burdette
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
State Level ◽  
Religious Participation ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

An emerging line of research has begun to document the relationship between structural sexism and health. This work shows that structural sexism—defined as systematic gender inequality in power and resources—within U.S. state-level institutions and within marriages can shape individuals’ physical health. In the present study, we use a novel dataset created by linking two nationally representative surveys (the General Social Survey and the National Congregations Study) to explore the health consequences of structural sexism within another setting: religious institutions. Although religious participation is generally associated with positive health outcomes, many religious institutions create and reinforce a high degree of structural sexism, which is harmful for health. Prior research has not reconciled these seemingly conflicting patterns. We find that among religious participants, women who attend sexist religious institutions report significantly worse self-rated health than do those who attend more inclusive congregations. Furthermore, only women who attend inclusive religious institutions exhibit a health advantage relative to non-participants. We observe marginal to no statistically significant effects among men. Our results suggest the health benefits of religious participation do not extend to groups that are systematically excluded from power and status within their religious institutions.

scholarly journals BREED AND SEX EFFECTS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEIGHT AND FATNESS IN LACOMBE AND YORKSHIRE SWINE AND THEIR RECIPROCAL CROSSES

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
G. W. Rahnefeld
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Average Depth ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Female Mating ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between thickness of fat measured at the shoulder, last rib, and loin of live pigs and market weight (86.2 to 95.2 kg) was studied in 1596 pigs from the Lacombe and Yorkshire breeds and their reciprocal crosses. No significant breed or sex differences were found in the proportion of fat at the three sites. Breed and sex differences were evident in the average depth of fat. The regression coefficients for the mean of three fat measurements on market weight were.016 ±.003,.019 ±.007, and.017 ±.004 for Lacombe males, barrows, and females respectively;.039 ±.002,.036 ±.005, and.041 ±.001 for Yorkshire males, barrows and females respectively;.027 ±.005 and.029 ±.004 for barrows and females from the Lacombe male × Yorkshire female mating; and.023 ±.007 and.021 ±.009 for barrows and females from the Yorkshire male × Lacombe female mating. Comparisons between animals measured at a relatively constant weight should be made after the fat measurement is adjusted for variations in body weight. The results of this study indicate that separate corrections should be applied for each breed. Separate corrections for sexes within breeds do not appear warranted.

The relationship between body weight and drug costs: An Italian population-based study

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 1472-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Degli Esposti ◽  
Alessandra Sturani ◽  
Giorgia Valpiani ◽  
Mirko Di Martino ◽  
Francesco Ziccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Drug Costs ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Relationship
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