Changes in the Nanostructure of Red Blood Cells in Intraoperative Blood Loss during Spinal Cord Surgery

Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery is the gold standard for treatment of benign adrenal tumours up to 7–8 cm in diameter. Nowadays, two surgical approaches are performed routinely – lateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy (LTA) and posterior retroperitoneal adrenalectomy (PRA). Both methods are recognized as safe and beneficial for a patient, what can also prove the statistical analysis in the perioperative period. Aim: The aim of our work was to compare lateral transperitoneal adrenalectomy with posterior retroperitoneal adrenalectomy in the aspect of complete blood count. M aterial and Methods: Patients, who underwent videoscopic adrenalectomy in our Department from 02.2015 to 06.2018, were prospectively included to the study. The inclusion criteria was the tumour size smaller than 8cm in abdominal CT. Primary neoplasms were excluded from the study. All surgieres were carried out by one surgeon. Patients were randomized to PRA or LTA. The blood samples were collected - a day before the surgery, and a day, a week, and a month after the surgery. We assessed the rate of leucocytes, red blood cells, hemoglobin and platelets in the peripheral blood. Additionally, the volume of intraoperative blood loss was measured. Results: 77 videoscopic adrenalectomies were carried out, 33 (42,9%) – LTA, 44 (57,1%) – PRA. The average age of the patients constituted- LTA – 61.2± 8.3, PRA – 59.3±10.2. Tumour size in LTA – 4 cm, in PRA – 4.1 cm. Adrenal gland adenomas, basing on postoperative histopathological findings, were most commonly removed tumours in our study: LTA – 82%, PRA – 70%. Intraoperative blood loss was not significant in both groups. We found differences in red blood cells, leucocytes, hemoglobin and platelets rates in each group, without statistically siginificant difference in both groups. Conclusion: Basing on our work, both minimally invasive adrenalectomies are not only effective but also safe. There were not any significant differences in both groups in the aspect of complete blood count. Both approaches – PRA and LTA can be routinely performed as a treatment of benign adrenal lesions and the choice of the approach depends on surgeon’s experience.

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Red blood cells

10.1093/med/9780198717607.003.0004 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Shaun R. McCann

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Haemolytic Anaemia ◽

Blood Cells ◽

G6pd Deficiency ◽

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria ◽

Globin Chains ◽

Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Red blood cells, erythrocytes, are unique in that they do not contain a nucleus. This fact facilitates the study of their metabolism. Erythrocytes contain the protein pigment haemoglobin, which is in solution in the cells and consists of globin chains and iron. In this chapter, the development of the understanding of erythrocytes is linked to the blood conditions haemolytic anaemia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Premature destruction of erythrocytes, in the absence of blood loss, is termed haemolysis. If the bone marrow is unable to compensate adequately, then anaemia ensues and the condition is called haemolytic anaemia. The underlying defect is a deficiency in the activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, termed G6PD deficiency.

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Implementation of Perioperative Point-of-Care Platelet Function Analyses Reduces Transfusion Requirements in Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study

The Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeon ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1710582 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lihui Wang ◽

Oswaldo Valencia ◽

Simon Phillips ◽

Vivek Sharma

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Platelet Function ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Platelet Transfusion ◽

Postoperative Blood Loss ◽

Transfusion Rate ◽

Cabg Surgery ◽

Packed Red Blood Cells ◽

Before And After

Abstract Background Platelet dysfunction is a common cause of bleeding, perioperative blood transfusion, and surgical re-exploration in cardiac surgical patients. We evaluated the effect of incorporating a platelet function analyzer utilizing impedance aggregometry (Multiplate, Roche, Munich, Germany) into our local transfusion algorithm on the rate of platelet transfusion and postoperative blood loss in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Methods Data were collected on patients undergoing CABG surgery from January 2015 to April 2017. Patients who underwent surgery before and after introduction of this algorithm were classified into prealgorithm and postalgorithm groups, respectively. The primary outcome was the rate of platelet transfusion before and after implementation of the Multiplate-based transfusion algorithm. Secondary outcomes included transfusion rate of packed red blood cells, postoperative blood loss at 12 and 24 hours, length of stay in the intensive care unit, and the hospital and mortality. Results A total of 726 patients were included in this analysis with 360 and 366 patients in the pre- and postalgorithm groups, respectively. Transfusion rates of platelets (p = 0.01) and packed red blood cells (p = 0.0004) were significantly lower following introduction of the algorithm in patients (n = 257) who had insufficient time to withhold antiplatelet agents. Receiver operating characteristic curves defined optimal cutoff points of arachidonic acid and adenosine diphosphate assays on the Multiplate to predict future platelet transfusion were 23AU and 43AU, respectively. Conclusions The introduction of a Multiplate-based platelet transfusion algorithm showed a statistically significant reduction in the administration of platelets to patients undergoing urgent CABG surgery.

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Detection of gastrointestinal blood loss with 99mTc-labeled, heat-treated red blood cells.

Radiology ◽

10.1148/radiology.138.1.6969900 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 138 (1) ◽

pp. 207-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

P Som ◽

Z H Oster ◽

H L Atkins ◽

A G Goldman ◽

D F Sacker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Gastrointestinal Blood Loss

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Cytotoxic effect of cipó-pucá (Cissus sicyoides L.) supercritical extract on human red blood cells and as anti-inflammatory in spinal cord injury in adult rats

The Journal of Supercritical Fluids ◽

10.1016/j.supflu.2020.105105 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 169 ◽

pp. 105105

Author(s):

Marielba de los Ángeles Rodríguez Salazar ◽

Glides Rafael Olivo Urbina ◽

Vânia Maria Borges Cunha ◽

Fernanda Wariss Figueiredo Bezerra ◽

Michelle Nerissa Coelho Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Human Red Blood Cells ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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The Effects of Splenectomy on the Red Blood Cells of the Dog with Particular Emphasis on the Reticulocyte Response

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v13.10.972.972 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 972-985 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

MORTIMER LORBER

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Red Cells ◽

Target Cells ◽

Osmotic Resistance ◽

Portal Circulation ◽

Active Regeneration ◽

Normal Inhibition

Abstract In splenectomized dogs the following observations on the erythroid elements were made: 1. There was no unusual postoperative depression of erythrocyte, hemoglobin or hematocrit values, and regeneration occurred at the same rate as in the control dogs. 2. A significant increase in the number of circulating reticulocytes was noted, which persisted for a longer duration than the associated thrombocytosis. There is a suggestion that the reticulocytes circulating during regeneration were more immature than those of the control animals. 3. Varying numbers of target cells accompanied by increased osmotic resistance were present in all the splenectomized dogs. Most also developed normoblastemia, particularly during active regeneration, which persisted thereafter in some of the animals. Howell-Jolly bodies were rare. 4. No significant bone marrow changes were noted. It is suggested that: 1. In nonsplenectomized animals, most erythrocytes released from the bone marrow in response to blood loss are mature red cells rather than reticulocytes. 2. Postsplenectomy reticulocytosis is not dependent on a fall in hematocrit and is not a reflection of hemolysis or even of increased erythropoiesis, except, perhaps, in part during regeneration from the blood loss incurred at surgery. 3. Postsplenectomy reticulocytosis and normoblastemia are unaccompanied by alterations in the myeloid-erythroid ratio of the bone marrow and are probably largely due to a diminution of the normal inhibition of erythroid release from the marrow, permitting their earlier entry into the circulation. 4. The aforementioned changes are due specifically to the removal of the spleen itself, rather than merely to the removal of splenic blood from the portal circulation.

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Mannitol Reduces Spinal Cord Edema in Rats with Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery ◽

10.2174/1570180816666190731112158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 676-683

Author(s):

Chao Zhang ◽

Anming Hu ◽

Yingli Jing ◽

Degang Yang ◽

Jianjun Li

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Water Content ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Injured Spinal Cord ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Contrast Group ◽

Spinal Cord Edema

Background: The research about anti-edema effects of mannitol on acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats is rare. Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of mannitol on spinal cord edema after SCI in rats. Methods: Seventy-eight adult female rats were assigned to three groups randomly: a sham control group (n = 18), a contusion and normal saline contrast group (n=30), and a contusion and mannitol treatment group (n=30). We used the open-field test to estimate the functional recovery of rats weekly. Spinal cord water content was measured to determine the spinal cord edema. The ultrastructure features of the injured dorsolateral spinal cord were determined on the 7th day after SCI by HE staining. Results: The mannitol group had greatly improved Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores when compared with the saline contrast group. The spinal cord water content was increased significantly after SCI, and there was no significant difference in the water content between the NaCl and mannitol groups 1 day after SCI. The water content at 3 and 7 days after SCI was significantly lower in the mannitol group than in the NaCl group (p < 0.05). Mannitol can reduce spinal cord edema by increasing the number of red blood cells in the injured spinal cord and decrease the ratio (dorsoventral diameter/ mediolateral diameter) of spinal cord 7 days post-SCI. Conclusion: Mannitol increases recovery of motor function in rats, reduces spinal cord edema and increases the number of red blood cells in the injured spinal cord, decreasing the ratio of spinal cord to reduce pressure.

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Blood Loss and Transfusion Requirements in Liver Transplantation: Experience with the First 75 Cases

Anaesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.1177/0310057x9402200604 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 666-671 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

P. L. Mcnicol ◽

G. Liu ◽

I. D. Harley ◽

P. R. Mccall ◽

G. M. Przybylowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Transplantation ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Red Blood Cells ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Fresh Frozen Plasma ◽

Transfusion Requirements ◽

Fresh Frozen ◽

The Mean ◽

Frozen Plasma

The blood loss data and transfusion requirements including blood bank, salvaged washed red cells, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate were analysed for the first 75 cases of liver transplantation performed at the Austin Hospital between June 1988 and October 1992. The mean blood loss was 8.8 litres (standard deviation 14.1) with a median value of 4.0 litres. Blood product use expressed as mean number of units (SD) was bank red blood cells 7.1 (12.7), washed red blood cells 3.9 (5.9), fresh frozen plasma 7.1 (9.1), platelets 5.1 (7.4), and cryoprecipitate 1.7 (5.1). These results demonstrate that liver transplantation can be performed without imposing excessive demands on blood transfusion services. Management should include surgical techniques to minimize bleeding and use of autologous transfusion. Use of component therapy (FFP, platelets and cryoprecipitate) should not be empirical. It should be selective on the basis of clinical bleeding assessment and guided by results of the laboratory coagulation profile and changes in thrombelastographic (TEG) parameters.

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Laser Resection of Fifty Spinal Lipomas

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198605000-00016 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 611-615 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

David G. McLone ◽

Thomas P. Naidich

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Motor Function ◽

Co2 Laser ◽

Motor Deficit ◽

Intraoperative Blood Loss ◽

Spinal Lipoma ◽

Nerve Roots ◽

Laser Resection ◽

Proper Management

Abstract The value of laser resection was assessed in the last 50 of 128 consecutive cases of pediatric spinal lipoma. In this series, there was no mortality. No patient suffered increase in neurological or urological deficit. Postoperatively, 8 of 20 patients with prior motor deficit (40%) had substantially improved motor function. Two of 17 previously incontinent patients became continent of urine (12%). Use of the CO2 laser reduced the length of operation, the intraoperative blood loss, and the degree of manipulation of the spinal cord and nerve roots. Most of the fat could be removed successfully from the liponeural junction, permitting more nearly anatomical removal of the intramedullary component of the lesion and greater ease in replacing the cord into a reconstructed arachnoid-dural canal. In the authors' opinions, proper management of the patient with spinal lipoma now requires early prophylactic resection of the lipoma and untethering of the spinal cord.

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