Mannitol Reduces Spinal Cord Edema in Rats with Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-683
Author(s):  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Anming Hu ◽  
Yingli Jing ◽  
Degang Yang ◽  
Jianjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Contrast Group ◽  
Spinal Cord Edema

Background: The research about anti-edema effects of mannitol on acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats is rare. Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of mannitol on spinal cord edema after SCI in rats. Methods: Seventy-eight adult female rats were assigned to three groups randomly: a sham control group (n = 18), a contusion and normal saline contrast group (n=30), and a contusion and mannitol treatment group (n=30). We used the open-field test to estimate the functional recovery of rats weekly. Spinal cord water content was measured to determine the spinal cord edema. The ultrastructure features of the injured dorsolateral spinal cord were determined on the 7th day after SCI by HE staining. Results: The mannitol group had greatly improved Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scores when compared with the saline contrast group. The spinal cord water content was increased significantly after SCI, and there was no significant difference in the water content between the NaCl and mannitol groups 1 day after SCI. The water content at 3 and 7 days after SCI was significantly lower in the mannitol group than in the NaCl group (p < 0.05). Mannitol can reduce spinal cord edema by increasing the number of red blood cells in the injured spinal cord and decrease the ratio (dorsoventral diameter/ mediolateral diameter) of spinal cord 7 days post-SCI. Conclusion: Mannitol increases recovery of motor function in rats, reduces spinal cord edema and increases the number of red blood cells in the injured spinal cord, decreasing the ratio of spinal cord to reduce pressure.

Cytotoxic effect of cipó-pucá (Cissus sicyoides L.) supercritical extract on human red blood cells and as anti-inflammatory in spinal cord injury in adult rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 105105
Author(s):  
Marielba de los Ángeles Rodríguez Salazar ◽  
Glides Rafael Olivo Urbina ◽  
Vânia Maria Borges Cunha ◽  
Fernanda Wariss Figueiredo Bezerra ◽  
Michelle Nerissa Coelho Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The Effect of Umbilical Cord Blood Cells on Outcomes After Experimental Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

Spine ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (16) ◽  
pp. 1520-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn J. Chua ◽  
Ryszard Bielecki ◽  
Nobuko Yamanaka ◽  
Michael G. Fehlings ◽  
Ian M. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Blood Cells ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood Cells

scholarly journals For Better or for Worse: A Look Into Neutrophils in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Zivkovic ◽  
Maryam Ayazi ◽  
Grace Hammel ◽  
Yi Ren
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Neutrophils are short-lived cells of the innate immune system and the first line of defense at the site of an infection and tissue injury. Pattern recognition receptors on neutrophils recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns, which recruit them to the destined site. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes with efficient granular constituents that aid in the neutralization of pathogens. In addition to phagocytosis and degranulation, neutrophils are proficient in creating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that immobilize pathogens to prevent their spread. Because of the cytotoxicity of the associated granular proteins within NETs, the microbes can be directly killed once immobilized by the NETs. The role of neutrophils in infection is well studied; however, there is less emphasis placed on the role of neutrophils in tissue injury, such as traumatic spinal cord injury. Upon the initial mechanical injury, the innate immune system is activated in response to the molecules produced by the resident cells of the injured spinal cord initiating the inflammatory cascade. This review provides an overview of the essential role of neutrophils and explores the contribution of neutrophils to the pathologic changes in the injured spinal cord.

scholarly journals Euxanthone inhibits traumatic spinal cord injury via anti-oxidative stress and suppression of p38 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a rat model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-126
Author(s):  
Rubin Yao ◽  
Lirong Ren ◽  
Shiyong Wang ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Kaishun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Incline Plane ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background Owing to neurite promoting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Euxanthone (Eux), the investigation was aimed to probe the neuroprotective efficacy of Eux against traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI) in rats and whether Eux can improve neuropathic function in t-SCI. Method Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized in – Sham, t-SCI, Eux30, and Eux60 (t-SCI + 30 and 60 mg/kg respectively). Animals with compression force-induced t-SCI were subjected to estimation of locomotor functions. Spinal cord water content and Evans blue (EB) effusion were determined for quantifying edema and intactness of the spinal cord. Oxidative stress and immunochemical markers were quantified by ELISA and western blotting. Results Findings revealed that Eux60 group animals had greater Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) and (incline plane test) IPT score indicating improved locomotor functions. There was a reduction in the spinal edema and water content after Eux treatment, together with lowering of oxidative stress markers. The expression of IL-6, IL-12, IL-1β, caspase-3, RANKL, TLR4, NF-κB, p-38, PI3K, and Akt in spinal cord tissues of t-SCI-induced rats was lowered after Eux treatment. Conclusion Overall, the investigation advocates that Eux attenuates t-SCI and associated inflammation, oxidative damage, and resulting apoptosis via modulation of TLR4/NF-κB/p38 and PI3K/Akt signaling cascade.

Neurological Recovery in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Patient with Delayed Surgical Intervention

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Mochamad Targib Alatas
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury Patient ◽  
Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Score Improvement ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Injury Patient

Early surgical treatment for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients has been proven to yield better improvement on neurological state, and widely practiced among surgeons in this field. However, it is not always affordable in every clinical setting. It is undeniable that surgery for chronic SCI has more challenges as the malunion of vertebral bones might have initiated, thus requires more complex operating techniques. In this case series, we report 7 patients with traumatic SCI whose surgical intervention is delayed due to several reasons. Initial motoric scores vary from 0 to 3, all have their interval periods supervised between outpatient clinic visits. On follow up they demonstrate significant neurological development defined by at least 2 grades motoric score improvement. Physical rehabilitation also began before surgery was conducted. These results should encourage surgeons to keep striving for the patient’s best interest, even when the injury has taken place weeks or even months before surgery is feasible because clinical improvement for these patients is not impossible. 

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