scholarly journals Puntas de flecha orientalizantes en contextos urbanos del Sureste de la Península Ibérica: Peña Negra, La Fonteta y Meca / Early Iron Age arrowheads in urban contexts from the Southeast of the Iberian Peninsula: Peña Negra, La Fonteta and Meca

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (2016) ◽  
pp. 9-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Lorrio ◽  
Sara Pernas ◽  
Mariano Torres Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
Península Ibérica

scholarly journals Un conjunto de arreos de bronce de la colección Juan Cabré: aportaciones al estudio del atalaje ecuestre en la Protohistoria Ibérica = A Set of Bronze Horse Bits in the Juan Cabré Museum: A Contribution to the Study of Equestrian Harness in Iberian Iron Age

2018 ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Jiménez Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Península Ibérica ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Se estudia un conjunto de objetos formado por dos embocaduras de caballo y dos camas laterales de bronce conservados en el Museo Juan Cabré de Calaceite (Teruel). Corresponden a la colección que reunió D. Juan Cabré Aguiló y que, a su muerte, fue dividida entre sus dos hijos. No se conocen datos acerca de su procedencia ni sobre el modo en que llegaron los objetos a la colección, pero la calidad del material y la escasez de este tipo de productos en la arqueología peninsular elevan su interés. De su estudio se deriva su relación con un conjunto de arreos que se producen y se usan en la península ibérica a finales de la I Edad del Hierro y que cuenta con buenas representaciones en la Extremadura post-orientalizante y en la Alta Andalucía ibérica, particularmente en la zona de Jaén.An equestrian set composed by two bronze horse bits and two bit guards, also made in bronze, is studied. They are preserved in the Juan Cabré Museum (Calaceite, Spain) corresponding to the collection gathered by the Spanish archaeologist Juan Cabré Aguiló (1882-1947). Data about origin or the way that such objects came to the Cabré Collection are unknown, but their quality and the shortage of this type of objects in the Iberian archaeology underline their interest. The study shows a near relationship with a kind of bronze harnesses that were produced and used in Iberian Peninsula at the end of the Early Iron Age. This kind of bits have good references in the post-Orientalizing Extremadura and in the Iberian high Andalusia, particularly in the Jaén area.

scholarly journals Astronomy, culture and landscape in the Early Iron Age in the Ebro Basin

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S278) ◽  
pp. 382-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Pérez Gutiérrez ◽  
Jordi Diloli Fons ◽  
David Bea Castaño ◽  
Samuel Sardà Seuma
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Ebro Basin ◽  
Cultural System ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

AbstractArchaeological excavations carried out at Turó del Calvari (Tarragona, Spain) have revealed a protohistoric building interpreted as one of the earliest enclosures of power operating during the Early Iron Age in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The structure is exceptional in several respects: the techniques of construction, the materials used, and the topographic situation. The building is perfectly integrated in the landscape and has an exquisite geometrical design, with measurement units based on the Iberian foot. The intended beauty in having used the golden ratio in its construction and an orientation that is both stellar and solar demonstrates the existence at that time of a complete series of mechanisms of representation and territorial control. This was based on the use of rituals and feasts as elements of political cohesion by an emergent elite within a process that reproduced a scaled-down Mediterranean cultural system in an indigenous space.

scholarly journals Phytomorphic carnelian pendants in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages of the Iberian Peninsula: origin, distribution, and significance

Complutum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
Francisco B. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Late Bronze Age ◽  
Prestige Goods

 First highlighted as possible markers for early, 2nd millennium BCE contacts between the Iberian Peninsula and the Eastern Mediterranean, phytomorphic carnelian pendants have become a significant part of the discussion on that subject. However, a number of new finds which have taken place in recent years have transformed the available image regarding both the geographic distribution and the chronological setting of these pieces. An updated overview is presented here, which suggests they should now preferably be considered as part of the array of prestige goods introduced in the Far West by Phoenician trade between the later stages of the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age

The earliest horse-bits of western Europe

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 425-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Balkwill
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Rite

Within recent years, much attention has been focused on the earliest objects of harness which have long been noticed in the archaeological record. They are a matter of some importance in the perception of social structure from extant remains; Kossack (1954) presented strong arguments in favour of interpreting, in this manner, the early Hallstatt (Ha C) horse harness from Bavarian graves. Other major publications have since added to the picture of widespread, supposedly aristocratic adoption of harness and wagons in association with burial rite (northern and central Italy in the Early Iron Age, von Hase 1969; the Iberian peninsula in the same period, Schüle 1969; the Middle Danube to the Russian Steppes and to the Asian hinterland, Potratz 1966). Nor has the thesis of Gallus and Horvath (1939) been ignored, and the activities of ‘Thraco-Cimmerian’ cavalry still play a large part in the interpretation of west European horse harness. Already in 1954, however, Kossack observed the continuing elements of native, western Urnfield Europe in the entirely new combinations of grave-goods in Ha C and he indicated that the cheekpieces, while being modelled closely on the lines of preceding types found in the region of the Middle Danube, were, in fact, local variants chiefly concentrated in the graves of Bohemia and Bavaria. That western Europe had long had its own forms of cheekpiece was demonstrated by Thrane in 1963, yet the mouthpieces themselves have received no consolidated attention. This paper is an attempt to redress the balance, by gathering together the earliest metal bits in Europe west of Slovakia and Hungary, in order to see what light they throw on the problems of continuity and transition at the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age.

scholarly journals Early Iron Age ‘black’ glass in Southwestern Iberia: typology, distribution, and context

Zephyrvs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Francisco B. Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Compositional Data ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Glass Technology ◽  
Black Glass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Southern Portugal

In the past few years, deeply colored black-appearing glass has garnered a growing interest in the context of research on Iron Age glass technology and trade. The numerous ‘black’ glass beads found in Early Iron Age contexts of Southern Portugal have not however been considered in this discussion, and they remain largely unsystematized. In this contribution, a typological survey of these objects is presented which highlights their unusual concentration in a well-delimited area of Southern Portugal and their relatively circumscribed chronological setting. This is particularly striking when compared with other groups of beads, namely blue beads of various types, which are much more widespread and long-lasting. The global position of these beads is also considered, with typological comparisons and the few available compositional data suggesting that they may be the product of Punic, and perhaps specifically Carthaginian trade with the Western Iberian Peninsula. Finally, the possible specific historic context in which these beads arrived in Southern Portugal is considered.  

Wooden and StoneChevaux-de-Frisein Central and Western Europe

1971 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Harbison
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
The One

Chevaux-de-friseis a term used to describe the (normally stone) stakes placed upright in the ground outside the walls of early fortifications with the intention of making access more difficult for an approaching enemy, be he on foot or on horse back. The existence of this defensive technique outside prehistoric forts in Britain or Ireland was first mentioned in 1684 when Roderick O'Flaherty described the Aran Island fort of Dun Aenghus in hisOgygia(O'Flaherty, 1684, 175), and it has often been discussed since, among others by Christison (1898), Westropp (1901, 661), Hogg (1957) and most recently and judiciously by Simpson (1969a, 26). Some writers, for instance Raftery (1951, 214) and Hogg (1957, 33) have suggested that the origins ofchevaux-de-frisein Britain and Ireland should be sought in the Iberian Peninsula, where they occur in greater numbers (Hogg, 1957 and Harbison, 1968, a), andchevaux-de-friseare often taken as one of the most important pieces of evidence of close ties between Spain–Portugal and Britain–Ireland during the Early Iron Age. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a hypothesis that the Spanish–Portuguese examples on the one hand, and the Scottish–Welsh–Irish–Manx ones on the other, are not so closely related to one another as has hitherto been thought, but that both are merely distant cousins in so far as both are descended from a common ancestral wooden prototype which originated probably in Central or Eastern Europe.

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