CONJUNCTION OF CHANGES IN AIR TEMPERATURE, SNOW COVER THICKNESS AND SOIL TEMPERATURE OF EAST EUROPEAN PLAIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
L.M. Kitaev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
East European ◽  
Cover Thickness

scholarly journals Features of Fauna and Ecology of Ixodid Ticks Parasitizing in the Central Part of the East European Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
F. I. Vasilevich ◽  
A. M. Nikanorova
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Abundance Index ◽  
East European ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Snow Cover Formation

The purpose of the research is finding out features of fauna and ecology of ixodid ticks parasitizing in the Non-Black Earth Region of the central part of the East European Plain, which inhabit the Kaluga Region. Materials and methods. Ixodid ticks were collected and recorded according to generally accepted methods in all districts of the Kaluga Region and the city of Kaluga in 2009–2019 during their activity (in the spring from the melting of snow and until late autumn before the snow cover formation). A total of 11,282 ticks were collected in 412 flag-hours, of which 7,421 (65.7%) were collected from vegetation and 3,861 (34.3%) from animals. We studied open meadow and field areas, forest and shrub areas, closed meadow and field areas, and wetland stations and settlements. The species was identified using the Atlas of ixodid ticks by Ganiev and Aliverdiev (1968) and the Atlas by Shevkoplyas (2008). Results and discussion. There are two species of ixodid ticks in the Kaluga Region, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentоr reticulatus. The number of D. reticulatus slightly exceeds (by 6%) I. ricinus, 53 and 46% respectively, which is explained by the even distribution of forest and meadow (pasture) biotopes in the Region. The abundance index of I. ricinus was 16.8±1.32 individuals per 1 flag-hour in forest biotopes, and 11.6±1.12 individuals per 1 flag-hour in meadow biotopes. The abundance index of D. reticulatus was 10.8±1.14 individuals per 1 flag-hour in forest biotopes, and 15.9±1.30 individuals per 1 flag-hour in meadow biotopes.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal structure of a polythermal glacier in Spitsbergen by measurements and numerical modeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Sosnovsky ◽  
Yu. Ya. Macheret ◽  
A. F. Glazovsky ◽  
I. I. Lavrentiev
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Ablation Area ◽  
Radio Echo Sounding ◽  
Polythermal Glacier ◽  
Cover Thickness ◽  
Echo Sounding

Thickness of the upper cold ice layer in the ablation area of the polythermal glacier Grønfjordbreen (Spitsbergen) was estimated by means of numerical modeling. The results were compared with data of radio-echo sounding of the same glacier obtained in 1979 and 2012. Numerical experiments with changing water content in the lower layer of temperate ice and surface snow cover thickness made possible to compare calculated and modeled cold ice thicknesses and to estimate their changes for 33‑year period caused by regional climate change. According to data of radio-echo sounding, thickness of the cold ice layer decreased, on average, by 34 m. Numerical modeling shown similar results: the cold ice layer became thinner by 31 m and 39 m at altitudes 100–300 a.s.l. under the snow cover thickness of 1 m and 2 m. We explain this by rising of annual mean air temperature by 0,6 °С as compared to data of the nearest meteorological station Barentsburg in the same period. We believe that changes in cold ice layer thickness in polythermal glaciers can be used for estimation of changes in such regional climatic parameter as mean air temperature at different altitudes of the glacier surface in the ablation area.

scholarly journals Snow algae in a Himalayan ice core: new environmental markers for ice-core analyses and their correlation with summer mass balance

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshitaka Yoshimura ◽  
Shiro Kohshima ◽  
Nozomu Takeuchi ◽  
Katsumoto Seko ◽  
Koji Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Snow Algae ◽  
Annual Layer ◽  
Cover Thickness

AbstractSnow algae in a shallow ice core (6.98 m long) from Yala glacier in the Langtang region of Nepal were examined for potential use as environmental markers in ice-core analysis. The ice core, taken at 5350m a.s.l. in 1994, was estimated to contain 11 annual layers from 1984 to 1994 from the profile of algal biomass. Algal biomass in each annual layer was noted to be correlated with air temperature, and the following two environmental indices which were calculated from air temperature and precipitation at Kyangjing (3920m a.s.l.), the village nearest to Yala glacier: estimated mean snow-cover thickness (MST) and estimated summer mass balance (SMB). Both parameters reflect snow-cover thickness on algal layers, which would be a major determinant of the light available for algal growth on the glacier. Snow algal biomass in the ice core appears to be a good environmental marker for indicating air temperature and accumulation during summer, which is important for understanding the mass balance of summer-accumulation-type glaciers in this region.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of air temperature, snow storage and soil freezing in Central part of the East European Plain

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-526
Author(s):  
I. M. Kitaev ◽  
V. A. Ableeva ◽  
Z. A. Asainova ◽  
A. S. Zheltukhin ◽  
E. D. Korobov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Freezing ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
East European ◽  
Snow Storage

scholarly journals Effect of snow cover on soil frost penetration

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Rožnovský ◽  
Jáchym Brzezina
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Soil Frost ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Frost Penetration ◽  
Actual Height

AbstractSnow cover occurrence affects wintering and lives of organisms because it has a significant effect on soil frost penetration. An analysis of the dependence of soil frost penetration and snow depth between November and March was performed using data from 12 automated climatological stations located in Southern Moravia, with a minimum period of measurement of 5 years since 2001, which belong to the Czech Hydrometeorological institute. The soil temperatures at 5 cm depth fluctuate much less in the presence of snow cover. In contrast, the effect of snow cover on the air temperature at 2 m height is only very small. During clear sky conditions and no snow cover, soil can warm up substantially and the soil temperature range can be even higher than the range of air temperature at 2 m height. The actual height of snow is also important – increased snow depth means lower soil temperature range. However, even just 1 cm snow depth substantially lowers the soil temperature range and it can therefore be clearly seen that snow acts as an insulator and has a major effect on soil frost penetration and soil temperature range.

Irrigation and ground cover management effect on soil temperature in a mature peach orchard

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Tan ◽  
R. E. C. Layne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Peach Orchard ◽  
Management Effect ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of two irrigation (trickle vs. no irrigation) and two ground cover treatments (temporary cover vs. permanent sod) on soil temperature in a mature peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] orchard on Fox sand. The soil temperatures at the surface, 5, 10 and 20 cm depths were monitored continuously all-year during 1987 and 1988. Irrigation reduced the fluctuations in soil temperature during summer and winter. The average daily soil temperature in nonirrigated plots during the summer was as high as 34 °C at the soil surface and 28 °C at the 20-cm depth, while corresponding temperatures in irrigated plots were 28 and 26 °C, respectively. The average daily soil temperature in nonirrigated plots without snow cover during the winter was −12 °C at the soil surface and −5 °C at the 20-cm depth, while corresponding temperatures in irrigated plots were −6 and −1 °C, respectively. The effect of irrigation on soil temperature was greatly diminished by snow cover. The soil temperatures at all depths remained around 0 to −2 °C for both nonirrigated and irrigated plots under snow cover, even when the minimum air temperature dropped to −15 °C. The permanent sod cover provided some protection against cold although this effect was masked by snow cover. In the summer, the permanent sod cover reduced average daily soil temperature by 1.5 and 1 °C at the 10 and 20 cm depths. Key words: Prunus persica, snow cover, Fox sand

scholarly journals Regularities of soil temperature changes during the period with snow cover in modern climatic conditions of the Eurasian Subarctic

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Lev M. Kitaev
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period

The influence of snow cover on the dynamics of soil temperature in the modern climatic conditions of the Eurasian Subarctic was investigated through a quantitative assessment of the features of the seasonal and long-term variation of parameters. Seasonal and long-term values of soil temperature for stable snow period decrease from west to east: a decrease of snow thickness and air temperature from west to east of Eurasia leads to a weakening of the heat-insulating properties of the snow cover with a significant decrease in regional air temperatures. With the emergence of a stable snow cover, the soil temperature seasonal and long-term standard deviation sharply decreases compared to the autumn and spring periods. With the appearance of snow cover, the soil temperature standard deviation drops sharply compared to the autumn and spring periods. An exception is the northeast of Siberia: here, a relatively small thickness of snow determines a noticeable dependence of the course of soil temperature on the dynamics of surface air temperature. There are no significant long-term trends in soil temperature due to its low variability during winter period. Analysis of the course of the studied characteristics anomalies showed an insignificant and non-systematic number of their coincidences. Currently, we have not found similar research results for large regions. The revealed patterns can be used in the analysis of the results of monitoring the state of the land surface, in the development of remote sensing algorithms, in the refinement of predictive scenarios of environmental changes.

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