Characteristics of small molecule compounds produced from the co-pyrolysis of cotton stalk and coal

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1469-1481
Author(s):  
Chuyang Tang ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Xianchun Li ◽  
Jinling Song
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Ester Yield ◽  
Liquid Products

Pyrolysis experiments of cotton stalk (CS) and Shenmu coal (SM) were conducted in a tubular furnace. The pyrolysis temperature was 600 °C at 5 °C/min and sustained for 15 min. The water-soluble small molecule compounds (WSMC) were derived from the liquid products obtained during pyrolysis with the methods of toluene entrainment and ultrasonic extraction. The compositions of WSMC were further characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The components of the syngas were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The results showed that the phenol yield was promoted by the interaction of CS and SM during co-pyrolysis. Moreover, the co-pyrolysis interaction blocked the radical reaction pathway that produces amides and accelerated the formation of pyridines. Because the ester yield increased, the esterification was clearly enhanced and the yield of carboxylic acids in WSMC was reduced during co-pyrolysis. In addition, the inhibition of furan generation resulted in an increased yield of C2–C4 hydrocarbons in the co-pyrolysis syngas. The maximal yields of C2–C4 hydrocarbons all occurred at a 20/100 ratio of CS/SM. Lastly, the formation mechanisms of small molecule compounds were proposed.

Exopolymers from curdlan production: incorporation of glucose-related sugars by Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 31749

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin W. Lee ◽  
Walter G. Yeomans ◽  
Alfred L. Allen ◽  
David L. Kaplan ◽  
Frank Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Aerobic Culture ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry ◽  
Curdlan Production

Three different exopolymers were purified from cultures of Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC 31749 grown in a mineral salts medium containing 2% glucose at 30 °C for 5 days under aerobic culture conditions. These exopolymers were curdlan (extracellular, homo-β-(1-3)-glucan, water insoluble at neutral pH), a water-soluble noncurdlan-type exopolymer A (WSNCE-A), and a water-soluble noncurdlan-type exopolymer B (WSNCE-B). Curdlan, WSNCE-A, and WSNCE-B composed by weight 61, 27, and 12%, respectively, of the exopolymer produced from glucose. Compositions of all polymers were confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The WSNCE-A is composed of glucose and galactose with lower contents of rhamnose. The WSNCE-B consists of glucose and mannose. To biosynthesize modified biopolymers, glucose-related sugars including 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (N-acetylglucosamine) were fed separately as the sole carbon source. Using 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 8 – 12 mol% of the curdlan repeats were 3-O-methyl-D-glucose based on GC and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. N-Acetylglucosamine was incorporated into WSNCE-A at 10 mol% based on the GC–MS but was not found in curdlan or WSNCE-B.Key words: Agrobacterium sp., curdlan, exopolymer, 3-O-methyl-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose.

scholarly journals Formation mechanism of aromatics during co-pyrolysis of coal and cotton stalk

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 4449-4463
Author(s):  
Mohammad Pourjafar ◽  
Amir Khosravani ◽  
Rabi Behrooz
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cotton Stalk ◽  
Aromatic Radicals ◽  
Pyrolysis Tar ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Favorable Reaction ◽  
Reaction Routes

Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a tubular furnace from room temperature to 600 °C at 5 °C /min, and kept for 15 min. The light tar was then derived from the liquid products of pyrolysis by n-hexane supersonic extraction. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the light tars from cotton stalk (CS) pyrolysis, Shenmu coal (SM) pyrolysis, and co-pyrolysis of CS/SM. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was selected as a model compound, and the light tar from co-pyrolysis tar of MCC/SM was investigated for comparison. The results indicated that CS improved the yields and quality of phenols and benzenes in co-pyrolysis tar and that MCC had excellent performance in the formation of mononuclear aromatics during the co-pyrolysis of MCC/SM. Based on the pyrolytic behavior of CS and SM, the mechanisms of aromatic formation were further determined. It was shown that the free radicals that cracked from CS accelerated the formation of aromatics. The alkyl and mononuclear aromatic radicals of CS pyrolysis combined with the radicals from the SM aromatic structure, which then converted to benzenes and phenols. Finally, the most favorable reaction routes of mononuclear aromatics formation were proposed.

Hyperaccumulation of manganese in the rainforest tree Austromyrtus bidwillii (Myrtaceae) from Queensland, Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjaan D. Bidwell ◽  
Ian E. Woodrow ◽  
George N. Batianoff ◽  
Jens Sommer-Knudsen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
The World ◽  
Molar Equivalent ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
First Time

Throughout the world, over 400 species of plants are known to accumulate large quantities of metals in their shoots (`hyperaccumulators'), but of these, relatively few accumulate manganese (Mn). We have identified for the first time an Australian native hyperaccumulator of Mn, Austromyrtus bidwillii (Benth.) Burrett (Myrtaceae). Concentrations of Mn up to 19 200 µg g-1 were measured in dried leaves of this rainforest tree, and young bark was found to contain up to 26 500 µg g-1 Mn. Approximately 40% of the Mn in the leaves is readily extracted with water, suggesting that some of the Mn is associated with water-soluble compounds such as organic acids. Organic acids present in appreciable amounts in leaf extracts of A. bidwillii were identified and quantified by HPLC and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following organic acids (in order of concentration) were present: succinic > malic ≥ malonic > oxalic >> citric acid. The concentration of total organic acids was on average 123 000 µg g-1 dry tissue, which amounted to approximately three times the molar equivalent of Mn and two times the molar equivalent of total cations (Mn, Mg and Ca), demonstrating that organic anions were in excess. The Mn remaining after water extraction ((61 ± 3.9%) could be extracted with 0.2M HCl, suggesting that a significant portion of the Mn is associated with the cell wall (perhaps replacing Ca) or is present as other insoluble compounds.

Generation of water-soluble organic acids from kerogen during hydrous pyrolysis: implications for porosity development

1987 ◽  
Vol 51 (362) ◽  
pp. 495-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. I. Eglinton ◽  
C. D. Curtis ◽  
S. J. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Secondary Porosity ◽  
Hydrous Pyrolysis ◽  
Kerogen Type ◽  
Artificial Maturation

AbstractConcentrations of organic acids ranging up to several thousand parts per million have previously been found in oil-field waters. These acids are of interest because of their potential to enhance porosity by the dissolution of carbonates and aluminosilicates. They are believed to be generated from organic geopolymers (kerogen) in the late-diagenetic-early-catagenetic stage of thermal maturation.During the course of artificial maturation experiments in which kerogens of varying type were heated in the presence of water (so-called ‘hydrous pyrolysis’) and different minerals, the distribution and abundance of low molecular weight water-soluble acids were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Preliminary results suggest that significant quantities of mono- and di-carboxylic acids are produced during hydrous pyrolysis. The amounts and types of acid appear to vary as a function of kerogen type, maturity and mineralogy. Implications of these findings regarding the development of secondary porosity are discussed.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis of Fuel Oil for Hydrocarbons Upgrading

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Suksun Amornraksa ◽  
Thanida Sritangthong
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Gaseous Product ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Hydrocarbon Processing ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

By-product upgrading is crucial in hydrocarbon processing industries as it can increase the competitiveness of the business. This research investigated opportunity to upgrade fuel oil by-product obtained from olefins production by using microwave pyrolysis. A lab-scale quartz reactor filled with placed inside a 1,200 watts household microwave oven was used for the experiments. Coconut-based activated carbon was used as a microwave receptor. Microwave powers were varied at 600 W, 840 W and 1,200 W to adjust cracking temperature between 800°C and 900°C. The effect of residence time was investigated by adjusting flow rate of N2 carrier gas. The chemical compositions and product yields were analyzed by using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was revealed that hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon gaseous product (alkanes, naphthenics and alkenes) were produced as the main products. For liquid products, the main compositions were cycloalkenes and polycyclic aromatic groups.

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