scholarly journals THE VOLUME OF THE CEREBELLUM IN THE SECOND SEMESTER OF GESTATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180
Author(s):  
Damiana Vulturar ◽  
Alexandru Fărcăşanu ◽  
Flaviu Turcu ◽  
Dan Boitor ◽  
Carmen Crivii
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Volume Measurement ◽  
Ultrasound Technique ◽  
Cerebellar Volume ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Ellipsoid Volume ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background and aims. The cerebellum (“little brain”), the largest part of hind brain, lies in the posterior cranial fossa, beneath the occipital lobe and dorsal to the brainstem. It develops over a long period: it is one of the first structures in the brain to begin to differentiate, but one of the last to mature. The use of ultrasonography has significantly improved the evaluation of fetal growth and development and has permitted prenatal diagnosis of a variety of congenital malformations.The aim of our study was to evaluate the cerebellar growth and development using 2 different measuring techniques: microMRI and ultrasound technique. The cerebellum measurements were related to gestational age.Methods. We used 14 human fetuses corresponding to 15-28 gestational weeks, immersed in a 9% formalin solution. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed by employing a Bruker BioSpec 70/16USR scanner (Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Ettlingen, Germany), operated at 7.04 Tesla for cerebellar volume measurement. Ultrasonographic measurements of the cerebellum diameter were performed on 14 pregnant women, 15 – 28 gestational weeks. Ultrasound scan used 5-10 MHZ for transvaginal approach. Taking into consideration the values of the cerebellum dimensions and considering the general shape of the cerebellum as a transverse ellipsoid, the volume of the cerebellum was calculated by a mathematical formula for ellipsoid volume.Results. The study correlates the measurements from the microMRI study with the ultrasounds data and the results are superposable. Both established the exponential volume growth after the 22-23 GW. We used the ellipsoid volume formula for the cerebellar volume using the half of the three diameters of the cerebellum determined by ultrasound measurements:Cerebellar Volume = Ellipsoid volume =  r1 r2 r3Conclusion. There is a linear correlation between the microMRI measurements and ultrasound determinations.  Based on all collected data we could apply an easy formula to calculate the volume of cerebellum, a useful criterion in the evaluation of the cerebellar development and the appreciation of the gestational age.

Extracranial meningioma presenting as a tumour of the external auditory meatus: a case report

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiko Tsunoda ◽  
Takashi Fukaya
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
External Auditory Meatus ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
External Meatus ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Extracranial Meningioma ◽  
Operative Findings ◽  
Intradural Space

AbstractA rare case of extracranial meningioma presenting as a tumour of the external auditory meatus is reported. Biopsy indicated a diagnosis of meningioma, but the radiological appearance was unusual. For example, computed tomography (CT) scans showed an unenhanced tumour mainly located in the squamous part of the temporal bone which expanded into the external meatus destroying the temporal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed that the tumour did not extend into the intradural space.This meningioma, had an obvious tendency for extracranial development. According to the operative findings, the tumour arose from the middle cranial fossa dura and extended through the air cells of the temporal bone into the external meatus, instead of growing intracranially.Secondary extracranial meningiomas of the temporal bone usually have a large intracranial component and cause neurological symptoms. However, this was a very rare case of a small meningioma causing no symptoms except for conductive hearing loss.

Human Foramen Magnum Area and Posterior Cranial Fossa Volume Growth in Relation to Cranial Base Synchondrosis Closure in the Course of Child Development

Neurosurgery ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 722-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Coll ◽  
Jean-Jacques Lemaire ◽  
Federico Di Rocco ◽  
Isabelle Barthélémy ◽  
Jean-Marc Garcier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Posterior Cranial Fossa ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract BACKGROUND: To date, no study has compared the evolution of the foramen magnum area (FMA) and the posterior cranial fossa volume (PCFV) with the degree of cranial base synchondrosis ossification. OBJECTIVE: To illustrate these features in healthy children. METHODS: The FMA, the PCFV, and the ossification of 12 synchondroses according to the Madeline and Elster scale were retrospectively analyzed in 235 healthy children using millimeter slices on a computed tomography scan. RESULTS: The mean FMA of 6.49 cm2 in girls was significantly inferior to the FMA of 7.67 cm2 in boys (P <.001). In both sexes, the growth evolved in a 2-phase process, with a phase of rapid growth from birth to 3.75 years old (yo) followed by a phase of stabilization. In girls, the first phase was shorter (ending at 2.6 yo) than in boys (ending at 4.33 yo) and proceeded at a higher rate. PCFV was smaller in girls (P <.001) and displayed a biphasic pattern in the whole population, with a phase of rapid growth from birth to 3.58 yo followed by a phase of slow growth until 16 yo. In girls, the first phase was more active and shorter (ending at 2.67 yo) than in boys (ending at 4.5 yo). The posterior interoccipital synchondroses close first, followed by the anterior interoccipital and occipitomastoidal synchondroses, the lambdoid sutures simultaneously, then the petro-occipital and spheno-occipital synchondroses simultaneously. CONCLUSION: The data provide a chronology of synchondrosis closure. We showed that FMA and PCFV are constitutionally smaller in girls at birth (P ⩽.02) and suggest that a sex-related difference in the FMA is related to earlier closure of anterior interoccipital synchondroses in girls (P =.01).

Giant plurihormonal pituitary adenoma in a child – case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Moszczyńska ◽  
Wiesława Grajkowska ◽  
Maria Maksymowicz ◽  
Joanna Malicka ◽  
Mieczysław Szalecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Somatostatin Analogue ◽  
Tall Stature ◽  
Pituitary Macroadenoma ◽  
Hand Tremor ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Plurihormonal Pituitary Adenoma

Abstract Objectives To describe the case of a 12-year-old girl with a rare plurihormonal pituitary macroadenoma secreting prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and alpha subunit (α-SU). Case presentation The patient experienced recurrent headaches and progressing loss of vision in one eye. During the examination, abnormalities such as tall stature, coarse facial features, enlarged feet and hands, tachycardia, hand tremor, hyperhidrosis, galactorrhea, and goiter were observed. Head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a solid tumor in the anterior and middle cranial fossa, measuring 80 × 50 × 55 mm. A stereotactic biopsy revealed plurihormonal Pit-1 positive pituitary adenoma secreting PRL, GH, and TSH. A pituitary hyperfunction with PRL, GH, TSH, and α-SU excess was diagnosed. The patient was successfully treated pharmacologically with dopamine agonists and somatostatin analogue, and a decrease of tumor volume (30%) was achieved. Conclusions When neurosurgery is not possible, long-term pharmacological treatment of plurihormonal pituitary macroadenoma can be a safe and relatively effective alternative.

Neurologic Examination Findings Associated With Small Cerebellar Volumes After Prematurity

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 586-592
Author(s):  
Emily W.Y. Tam ◽  
Vann Chau ◽  
Raphaël Lavoie ◽  
M. Mallar Chakravarty ◽  
Ting Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Postural Instability ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Neurologic Examination ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Cerebellar Volume ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Deformation Based Morphometry

To help clinicians understand what to expect from small cerebellar volumes after prematurity, this study aims to characterize the specific impacts of small cerebellar volumes on the infant neurologic examination. A prospective cohort of preterm newborns (<32 weeks’ gestational age) had brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies at term-equivalent age. Cerebellar volumes were compared with neurologic examination findings in follow-up, adjusting for severity of intraventricular hemorrhage, white matter injury, and cerebellar hemorrhage. Deformation-based analyses delineated regional morphometric differences in the cerebellum associated with these findings. Of 119 infants with MRI scans, 109 (92%) had follow-up at 19.0±1.7 months corrected age. Smaller cerebellar volume at term was associated with increased odds of truncal hypotonia, postural instability on standing, and patellar hyperreflexia ( P < .03). Small cerebellar volume defined as <19 cm3 by 40 weeks was associated with 7.5-fold increased odds of truncal hypotonia ( P < .001), 8.9-fold odds postural instability ( P < .001), and 9.7-fold odds of patellar hyperreflexia ( P < .001). Voxel-based deformation-based morphometry showed postural instability associated with paravermian regions. Small cerebellar volume is associated with specific abnormalities on neurologic examination by 18 months of age, including truncal tone, reflexes, and postural stability.

scholarly journals A Case of Adrenoleucodystrophy: Newer Challenge to Rehabilitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-50
Author(s):  
Fatema Newaz ◽  
Jasmine Jashimuddin ◽  
Nuzhat Nuery ◽  
Taslim Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Demyelinating Disorder ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Swallowing Difficulty ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Progressive Weakness ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Adrenoleucodystrophy is a rare, genetic demyelinating disorder. Early onset of disease have rapid progression and worse prognosis. It may be associated with adrenal insufficiency. Not much treatment option as though rehabilitation is mainstream of management till death to reduce disability. We report the case of a 10-year-old boy with progressive weakness of all four limb and speech, swallowing difficulty, whose computerized tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showed unusually florid bilateral abnormalities. MRI showed hyperintensities on parieto-occipital lobe through corpus callosum and some biochemical imbalance on serum. The child was diagnosed as a case of Adrenoleukodystrophy and was presented in a clinical meeting for further managements including medical rehab. As this is a very rare case, it was a challenge to handle such type of patient with a course of combined rehabilitation program and discharged home. Bangladesh Med J. 2019 May; 48 (2): 48-50

scholarly journals Occipital Intralobar fasciculi and a novel description of three forgotten tracts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeva Bugain ◽  
Yana Dimech ◽  
Natalia Torzhenskaya ◽  
Michel Thiebaut de Schotten ◽  
Svenja Caspers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Fiber Bundles ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Virtual Dissection ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Association Fibers

ABSTRACTThe continuously developing field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has made a considerable contribution to the knowledge of brain architecture. It has given shape to a desire to construct a complete map of functional and structural connections. In particular, diffusion MRI paired with tractography has facilitated a non-invasive exploration of structural brain anatomy, which has helped build evidence for the existence of many association, projection and commissural fiber tracts. However, there is still a scarcity in research studies related to intralobar association fibers. The Dejerines’ (two of the most notable neurologists of 19th century France) gave an in-depth description of the intralobar fibers of the occipital lobe. Unfortunately, their exquisite work has since been sparsely referred to in the modern literature. This work gives the first modern description of many of the occipital intralobar lobe fibers described by the Dejerines. We perform a virtual dissection and reconstruct the tracts using diffusion MRI tractography. The virtual dissection is guided by the Dejerines’ treatise, Anatomie des Centres Nerveux. As an accompaniment to this article, the authors provided a French-to-English translation of the treatise portion concerning intra-occipital fiber bundles. This text provides the original description of five intralober occipital tracts, namely: the stratum calcarinum, the stratum proprium cunei, the vertical occipital fasciculus of Wernicke, the transverse fasciculus of the cuneus (TFC) and the transverse fasciculus of the lingual lobe of Vialet. It was possible to reconstruct all these tracts except for the TFC – possibly because its trajectory intermingles with a large amount of other fiber bundles. For completeness, the recently described sledge runner fasciculus, although not one of the Dejerine tracts, was identified and successfully reconstructed.

B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the paranasal sinuses

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solaiman Juman ◽  
Philip Robinson ◽  
Avinash Balkissoon ◽  
Kara Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Bone Pain ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Distinct Entity ◽  
Tumour Extension ◽  
Planning Treatment ◽  
Cranial Fossa ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Mucosal Thickening

AbstractPrimary nasal, paranasal, oral and pharyngeal (NPOP) lymphoma, thought to be a distinct entity among childhood lymphomas, may present with a wide variety of common ENT symptoms such as nasal obstruction, rhinorrhoea, epistaxis or sinusitis. The diagnosis may only be recognized when the disease results in symptoms such as visual loss, facial paraesthesia or lymphadenopathy, or systemic symptoms, such as fatigue, bone pain or abdominal painFull radiological assessment plays a vital part in making the diagnosis and planning treatment. Computerized tomography (CT) gives excellent bony detail but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using T2-weighted images, allows differentiation of mucosal thickening and retained sinus secretions from the tumour. Extension into the surrounding spaces and the cranial fossa is best assessed by coronal and sagittal T2 images.MRI is the best technique for follow-up because no radiation is involved and better soft tissue delineation improves the distinguishing of tumour from fibrosis.

Repeated Cerebral Infarction Immediately after Bypass Graft Angiography: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Monden ◽  
Nobuhiro Murata ◽  
Kurara Takahashi ◽  
Daisuke Fukamachi ◽  
Yasuo Okumura
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Bypass Graft ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Left Thalamus ◽  
Noninvasive Assessment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

AbstractA cerebral infarction (CI) is a common complication of coronary angiography (CAG); however, repeated CIs in the immediate period after a CAG have not been reported yet. The patient in the present study experienced left upper quadrant blindness immediately after internal thoracic arteriography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a high-intensity area in the right occipital lobe. Despite the administration of antithrombotic therapy, the patient became transiently comatose for 6 hours. MRI showed a new high-intensity area in the left thalamus. A noninvasive assessment should be considered before internal thoracic arteriography to prevent the risk of complications.

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