scholarly journals Institutional changes in the economies of Central and Eastern European countries and the situation of the labour market

Ekonomika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Andrzej Adamczyk
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Stabilization

The object of the article is to assess the influence of economic and political institutions on the situation of the labour market in Central and Eastern European countries. In the initial phase of transformation, the debate in these countries focused on economic stabilization. In recent years, the focus shifted towards institutional solutions of economic processes, including the situation of the labour market.The emphasis is put on the particularities of the countries undergoing transformation, in which profound changes in economic and political institutions are taking place due to the implementation of economic reforms, on the one hand, and the democratization process, on the other hand. Undoubtedly, the process of institutional change was occurring at varying pace in Central and Eastern European Countries as a result of various problems of respective labour markets.The analysis, based upon the data from 1995 to 2006, shows that the institutional structure has a great impact on the labour market. The existence of efficient and well-managed institutions help to reduce distortions in the allocation of the labour force as well as creating demand for labour.

scholarly journals Mapping Young NEETs Across Europe: Exploring the Institutional Configurations Promoting Youth Disengagement from Education and Employment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Luise Assmann ◽  
Sven Broschinski
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Central Eastern ◽  
Employment Education ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
High Level

AbstractOver the past decade, the number of young people neither in employment, education, or training (NEET) has reached a seriously high level in many European countries. Previous studies have illustrated the heterogeneity of this group and that they differ considerably across Europe. However, the reasons of these cross-country differences have hardly been investigated so far. This study explores how the rates of different NEET subgroups are conditioned by various institutional configurations by applying fuzzy-set Quantitative Comparative Analysis for 26 European countries using aggregated EU Labour Force Survey data from 2018. The analysis reveals that institutional causes of being NEET are as diverse as the group itself. Thus, high levels of young NEETs with care responsibilities are found in countries with a lack of family-related services in conjunction with weak formalised long-term care as it is true in mostly Central Eastern European countries. In contrast, high rates of NEETs with a disability are prevalent mainly in Northern European countries where generous and inefficient disability benefit schemes exist that create false incentives to stay away from the labour market. Finally, high proportions of unemployed and discouraged young NEETs are found in those countries hit hardest by the crisis and with high labour market rigidities, low vocational specificity, and a lack of active labour market policies like in the Southern and some Central Eastern European countries. The results illustrate that young people face very different barriers across Europe and that country-specific measures must be taken to reduce the number of NEETs in Europe.

The developments in the business models of biotechnology in the Central and Eastern European countries: The example of Estonia

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Suurna
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Institutional Convergence ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One

In light of the current debate on the validation of the prevalent business models and trends taking place in the field of biotechnology in developed countries (see here in particular Pisano versus Glick), it is relevant to explore whether, and if so in which form and circumstances, the set arguments hold up and could be complemented by the context prevalent in transition countries. As one of the main concerns for the long-term development in the area relies on Pisano's argument that the sector is moving towards greater fragmentation, the deep analysis of that becomes particularly important in an environment where the very same problems are somewhat rooted in the local policymaking context and business environment. A specific example can be drawn here from the Central and Eastern European countries (CEE). Derived from this, the aim of the current article is to trace the trends in biotechnology business models in one of the rather well-performing CEE countries: Estonia. The article argues that the developments in the business models in Estonia are led by two rather contrary directions, where on the one hand increasing specialization and fragmentation and on the other hand movements towards geographical and institutional convergence can be detected.

scholarly journals The role of labour market experiences in the social and political integration of first and second-generation Non-Western and Eastern European immigrants in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Turner ◽  
Christine Cross
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Second Generation Immigrants ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
First And Second Generation

AbstractThe increase in the number of immigrants in Europe in recent decades has been accompanied by a rise in anti-immigrant sentiment and a growth in support for far-right political parties in Europe. A key element for ant-immigrant sentiment is the assumed lack of attachment and commitment of immigrants to the institutions, values and national identity of the host country. While a considerable body of studies have focused on the political and social assimilation of immigrants into European countries, the possible influence of Irish labour market experiences of first and second generation immigrants from non-western countries and Eastern European countries remains an under-researched area in th e literature. Combining five waves of the European Social Survey we test the proposition that the labour market experiences of first and second-generation immigrants from non-western countries and Eastern European countries are a factor affecting the extent of political and social assimilation into the host country. Our findings indicate that first-generation immigrants’ attachment to the political institutions of the host country are likely influenced more by a comparison with conditions in their country of origin rather than how they fare in labour market of the host country.

scholarly journals Labour Market Analysis in the Central and Eastern European Countries

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalia Cristescu ◽  
◽  
Larisa Stanila ◽  
Madalina Popescu ◽  
Maria Vasilescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Must Eastern Europe follow the Latin American way?

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Misztal
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
East European ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

Almost a decade after the wave of transformations from authoritarian to democratic regimes started in Latin America, Eastern European countries, one after another, entered the path leading towards democracy. The end of 1989 and the first part of 1990 saw unheard of numbers of free elections in ten Latin American and all East European countries (with the exception of Poland, where freedom of the first election was limited). Moreover, all the newly elected rulers won office on a promise to liberalise their economies. However, many commentators and scholars fear the impact on populations of painful structural reform policies and predict that new democracies in both regions either will not stay democratic for long or will not carry out a full package of economic reforms. They predict that half-hearted efforts at stabilisation will be followed by overwhelming political resistance which will provoke a reversal of economic policies. Each failure will reduce the credibility of successive reform attempts, the ultimate consequence being not merely economic disarray but an almost total loss of faith in democratic political institutions.

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