scholarly journals The Official Recommendations Proposed to Replace Anglicisms in the Petit Robert de la langue française

Kalbotyra ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Aïno Niklas-Salminen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Prestige

The dictionary Petit Robert leads a fight against both the single thought and the impoverished expression by offering a very broad vision of the practices of French. A certain number of anglicisms, very frequent among the new entries of this dictionary, are considered questionable, insofar as the prestige and the economic and techno-scientific power of the United States give rise to a wave of borrowed words, even when the lexicon has suitable French synonyms. The Petit Robert indicates which words in French are recommended by the Commission générale de la terminologie et de néologie to replace the anglicisms. The objective of this study is to observe the English words recently introduced in this dictionary and the different French equivalent terms proposed to oust them. Could the official recommendations supplant the loanwords and become fixed in practice?

The Caleb Cushing Mission

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Donahue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Far East ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Naval Power ◽  
The Far East ◽  
American Trade ◽  
The Prestige

American trade with China was ushered in by the voyage of the Empress of China to Canton in 1784. Within a few years commerce had become so profitable that the United States appointed Major Samuel Shaw to act as the American Consul in China. Very quickly the United States became the number two trader with China and the most serious rival to England. However, American ships were neither as large nor as numerous as those of the British East Indies Company and American merchants possessed neither the financial backing nor the prestige of their British counterpart. The United States was still a weak naval power and traders could not depend on any significant protection from the fleet. Furthermore, the Washington government was unable to exert any appreciable influence on Chinese authorities and they settled into a well-patterned position of following the British lead in the Far East.

“… It Was Highly Desirable They Should Be Illustrated”

Nuncius ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Valdés ◽  
Magdalena Montalbán
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
The United States ◽  
Panoramic Vision ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Prestige

Abstract The purpose of this article is to study the images included in the report made by the U.S. Navy Astronomical Expedition in the Southern Hemisphere between 1849 and 1852, directed by Navy lieutenant and astronomer James Melville Gilliss (1881–1865). Together with astronomical studies, the expedition addressed different aspects of the natural and social history of the Republic of Chile setting down in six volumes a pioneering panoramic vision of the young nation. Considering the different aspects of the culture of printing as it developed in the main cities of the United States in the mid nineteenth century, this article proposes general reflections concerning the impetus given in this field by scientific expeditions. In the specific case of Gilliss’s Naval Astronomical Expedition, this impulse manifests itself in terms of the technological renewal and the prestige of the lithographers taking part in the publication. This contrasts with the subsequent scarce success of Gilliss’s volumes – the books came close to being ignored – both in the United States and in Chile.

The Rural Ideal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Birk
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
The United States ◽  
Child Welfare Workers ◽  
Dependent Children ◽  
Farm Life ◽  
American Mythology ◽  
Welfare Workers ◽  
The Prestige ◽  
The Way

This chapter examines how the rural ideal, or the beliefs about the prestige of farm homes and families, developed in the United States and how it in turn influenced the placement of dependent children. It first considers how the American mythology that glorified agriculturalists gave rise to the notion that any farm was better for a child than an institution. It then shows how the Midwest came to be seen as a popular place for farm placements onto farms, as well as the best representation of the farm environment that reformers and placers sought to give children. It also explores how the reliance on the Midwest for placement homes began and paved the way for children to be sent to farms in need of laborers. Finally, it discusses the host of problems confronting farming in the Midwest that nonetheless did not deter child welfare workers from believing that farm life still represented the American ideal.

The United States, Brazil, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 (Part 2)

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hershberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cuban Missile Crisis ◽  
Fidel Castro ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Prestige

Though virtually ignored in the historiography, Brazil played an intriguing role in the politics and diplomacy of the Cuban missile crisis and in U.S. Cuban relations during the Kennedy administration. In the years after Fidel Castro took power, successive Brazilian governments tried secretly to mediate between Washington and Havana as their mutual confrontation intensified. Newly available U.S., Brazilian, Cuban, and other sources reveal that this role climaxed during the missile crisis, as John F. Kennedy clandestinely sought to employ Brazil to transmit a message to Castro. In turn, Brazil, which was also promoting a Latin American denuclearization scheme at the United Nations as a possible means of resolving the crisis, sought to broker a formula for U.S. Cuban reconciliation that would heighten the prestige of its own “independent”policy in the Cold War. Ultimately, these efforts failed, but they shed light on previously hidden aspects of both the missile crisis and the triangular U.S. Cuban-Brazilian relationship. This is the concluding part of a two-part article.

New Secretary-General Guterres will reinvigorate UN

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
The United States ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Election Process ◽  
The Prestige

Significance Guterres has previously served as Portugal's prime minister (1995-2002) and UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (2005-15). He is an unusually strong pick in terms of his managerial, political and diplomatic skills. Impacts Guterres's selection will increase the prestige of the UN and strengthen its role in humanitarian responses. The transparent election process strengthens the odds of the next World Bank president not being from the United States. Guterres is likely to be a more able mediator in international crises than his predecessor.

Chilean Communists, Radical Presidents and Chilean Relations with the United States, 1940–1947

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Barnard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Prestige

Founded in 1922, thePartido Comunista de Chile(PCCh) had a somewhat chequered career before the mid-1930s.1Although the prestige of its founder, Luis Emilio Recabarren, and its close ties with organized labour gave the party an early significance, its progress towards becoming an important force in Chilean politics halted abruptly when General Carlos Ibáñez came to power in 1927. Forced into clandestinity by Ibáñez, the party emerged on his downfall in 1931 with its membership vastly reduced, its trade union arm, theFederación Obrera de Chile(FOCH), moribund, and its remaining activists deeply divided by ideological, tactical and personal differences.

The United States, Brazil, and the Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 (Part 1)

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Hershberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cuban Missile Crisis ◽  
Fidel Castro ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Prestige

Though virtually ignored in the historiography, Brazil played an intriguing role in the politics and diplomacy of the Cuban missile crisis and in U.S. Cuban relations during the Kennedy administration. In the years after Fidel Castro took power, successive Brazilian governments tried secretly to mediate between the United States and Cuba as the two countries' mutual confrontation intensified. Newly available U.S., Brazilian, Cuban, and other sources reveal that this role climaxed during the missile crisis, as John F. Kennedy clandestinely sought to employ Brazil to transmit a message to Castro. In turn, Brazil, which was also promoting a Latin American denuclearization scheme at the United Nations as a possible method to resolve the crisis, sought to broker a formula for U.S. Cuban reconciliation that would heighten the prestige of its own “independent” policy in the Cold War. Ultimately, these efforts failed, but they shed light on previously hidden aspects of both the missile crisis and the triangular U.S. Cuban—Brazilian relationship. Thefirst part of this two—part article sets the scene for an in—depth look at the Cuban missile crisis, which will be covered in Part 2 of the article in the next issue of the journal.

Urban Bioethics: A Call for the Prestige

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-521
Author(s):  
NIA JOHNSON ◽  
LANCE WAHLERT
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
White Flight ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Ivy League ◽  
Urban Bioethics ◽  
The Prestige

Abstract:Many teaching hospitals in the United States were founded on philanthropic principles and aimed to aid the urban poor and underserved. However, as times have changed, there has been a divide created between the urban poor and teaching hospitals. There is a plethora of reasons why this is the case. This paper will specifically focus on the histories of ten hospitals and medical schools and the effect that white flight, segregation, elitism, and marginalization had on healthcare institutions all over the United States. It will call for a reexamination of the values of Ivy League and Ivy Plus teaching hospitals and medical schools and for them to take an intentional look into their communities.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

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