scholarly journals Polymerase chain reaction: a creative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Iffat Nazir ◽  
Hafiz Zaid Mahmood ◽  
Sana E Mustafa

In molecular biology, a scientific technique PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is used to generate thousands to millions of copies of a single particular DNA sequences to amplify a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude. For multiple applications, PCR is an ordinary and often vital practice used in medicinal and biological research labs and is used for diagnosis and investigation of multiple diseases. In PCR mainly three major steps are involved. Denaturation, annealing, and extension. PCR can be used to detect not only the human genome but also the genome of viruses and bacteria. PCR is especially useful in forensic laborites because a very small amount of original DNA is required. In the development of cancer, genes have been implicated through PCR

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Liviani Rangian ◽  
Elvy Like Ginting ◽  
Stenly Wullur ◽  
Erly Kaligis ◽  
Sandra Tilaar ◽  
...  

This study was conducted with the aim of amplifying the isolate of SF1 symbiont sponge Facaplysynopsis sp.  from Tongkeina, North Sulawesi. Samples are obtained and stored in the Lab. Molecular Biology and Marine Pharmacology, FPIK Unsrat. The genomic DNA of the samples was isolated using protocols from the Innu PREP Mini DNA Kit. The DNA of the SF1 symbionary bacteria was amplified by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) using an 8F primer (5'-AGAGTITGATCCTGGCTA-3 ') and 1492 R (5'TACCTTACGACTT-3'). DNA bacteria SF1 successfully amplified marked by the appearance of the band of DNA that looks less clear, with a length of 600 bp.Keywords: Bacterial Isolate, Sponge,  AmplificationABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengamplifikasi isolat bakteri SF1 simbion spons Facaplysynopsis sp dari perairan Tongkeina, Sulawesi Utara. Sampel diperoleh dan tersimpan di Lab. Biologi Molekuler dan Farmasitika Laut, FPIK Unsrat. DNA genom dari sampel diisolasi menggunakan protokol dari Innu PREP DNA Mini Kit. DNA bakteri simbion SF1 diamplifikasi dengan PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) dengan menggunakan primer 8F (5’-AGAGTITGATCCTGGCTA-3’) dan 1492 R (5’TACCTTACGACTT-3’). DNA bakteri SF1 berhasil diamplifikasi ditandai dengan munculnya pita DNA yang terlihat kurang jelas, dengan panjang 600 bp.Kata Kunci: Bakteri Simbion, Spons, Amplifikasi


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
Ryan Bradley

This article describes the invention of PCR (polymerase chain reaction, a method of replicating DNA) by Kary Mullis, and the impact it has had on everything from biotech companies such as 23andMe to the movie Jurassic Park and the Human Genome Project.


2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Iglesias Sánchez ◽  
Ana María Pérez Pico ◽  
Félix Marcos Tejedor ◽  
María Jesús Iglesias Sánchez ◽  
Raquel Mayordomo Acevedo

Background Dermatomycoses are a group of pathologic abnormalities frequently seen in clinical practice, and their prevalence has increased in recent decades. Diagnostic confirmation of mycotic infection in nails is essential because there are several pathologic conditions with similar clinical manifestations. The classical method for confirming the presence of fungus in nail is microbiological culture and the identification of morphological structures by microscopy. Methods We devised a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that amplifies specific DNA sequences of dermatophyte fungus that is notably faster than the 3 to 4 weeks that the traditional procedure takes. We compared this new technique and the conventional plate culture method in 225 nail samples. The results were subjected to statistical analysis. Results We found concordance in 78.2% of the samples analyzed by the two methods and increased sensitivity when simultaneously using the two methods to analyze clinical samples. Now we can confirm the presence of dermatophyte fungus in most of the positive samples in just 24 hours, and we have to wait for the result of culture only in negative PCR cases. Conclusions Although this PCR cannot, at present, substitute for the traditional culture method in the detection of dermatophyte infection of the nails, it can be used as a complementary technique because its main advantage lies in the significant reduction of time used for diagnosis, in addition to higher sensitivity.


Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Rogowsky ◽  
Ken W. Shepherd ◽  
Peter Langridge

A novel type of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) marker was developed for the mapping of cereal rye (Secale cereale). Primer pairs were synthesized targeting the insertion sites of three individual copies of the R173 family of rye specific repeated DNA sequences. While one primer was derived from a sequence within the respective R173 element, the second primer corresponded to a flanking region. The complex banding patterns obtained in rye allowed not only the mapping of the three R173 elements to certain chromosome regions of 1RS (the short arm of rye chromosome 1) but also the mapping of an additional 3–10 easily identifiable bands per primer pair to other rye chromosomes. Linkage mapping of a polymorphic 1R band derived from three rye cultivars demonstrated the presence of nonallelic, dominant markers in two independent crosses. Because of the high copy number of the R173 family (15 000 copies per diploid rye genome), its dispersion over the entire length of all chromosomes and the high number of markers obtained per primer pair, PCR markers based on the R173 family provide an almost unlimited source for well-spaced markers in rye mapping.Key words: polymerase chain reaction, mapping, repetitive DNA sequences, wheat, rye.


Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Cassidy-Hanley ◽  
M C Yao ◽  
P J Bruns

Abstract A method for mapping DNA sequences to specific germinal chromosomes in the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila has been developed. This mapping technique (PCR mapping) utilizes the polymerase chain reaction and template DNA derived from nullisomic strains to directly assign micronuclear DNA sequences to specific micronuclear chromosomes. Using this technique, a number of unique sequences and short repetitive sequences flanked by unique sequences have been mapped to four of the five germinal chromosomes.


1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-66
Author(s):  
Celia Harumi Tengan

Vários estudos descreveram o acúmulo de uma deleção do DNA mitocondrial (DNAmt), denominada de deleção comum, em tecidos pós-mitóticos durante o processo de envelhecimento. Esses achados levaram A hipótese de que radicais livres, gerados dentro da mitocandria, poderiam lesar o DNAmt durante a vida normal. Acredita-se que um defeito no funciomento da cadeia respirat6ra, decorrente da lesão do DNAmt, levaria a um aumento na produção de radicais livres, que por sua vez, lesariam o DNAmt, criando um ciclo vicioso é um fator importante no acúmulo de deleções do DNAmt, pacientes com deficiência da função oxidativa (independente do defeito primário) deveriam apresentar um acúmulo acelerado de deleções do DNAmt. Nós testamos esta hipótese através de três analises: (a) comparação dos níveis de deleção comum em controles normais e pacientes com doenças mitocondriais geneticamente caracterizadas e associadas com uma mutação do DNAmt; (b) análise da cosegregação da deleção comum (associada com o envelhecimento) com uma mutação de ponto patogênica do DNAmt; e (c) detecção de deleções múltiplas do DNAmt através de PCR (polymerase chain reaction) longo em controles e pacientes com doenças mitocondriais. Observamos uma correlação positiva entre a idade e MN/6s de deleção comum em controles (r = 0,80) e pacientes (r = 0,69). As inclinações das curvas eram semelhantes, sugerindo que a taxa de acúmulo da deleção comum associada com a idade era a mesma em ambos os grupos. Não conseguimos observar a co-segregação das moléculas de DNAmt contendo a mutação de ponto com a deleção comum e nem aumento no número de deleções em pacientes. Nossos resultados não suportam a hipótese de que o ciclo vicioso (lesão do DNAmt afeta a função da cadeia respiratória, levando a uma maior produção de radicais livres que, por sua vez, provocaria mais lesão do DNAmt) é um fator importante no acúmulo de deleções do DNAmt no processo de envelhecimento.


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