Crown bole diameter linear equation for Daniellia oliverii (Rolfe) Hutch and Daviz and its application to stand density control in natural stands

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Japheth HD ◽  
Vange T ◽  
Amonum JI
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Density Control

At present, no adequate information on the application of crown-bole diameter model to stand density and stock control for Daniellia oliverii (Rolfe) Hutch and Daviz open grown trees for sustainable forest management in the study area. The species numbers are threatened, because farmers and foresters do not actively plant this tree species. Livestock, fire, and anthropogenic activities are few factors that limit the success of natural regeneration of the species; and is facing regeneration problem. These have led to the species declining in the natural forest areas and the loss of biological values (genetic hereditary). A total of nine blocks as sample plots sizes 100x100 meters were randomly laid. Simple random sampling was used to collect data on tree diameter at breast height (dbh). Dbh was used to estimate crown diameter using a developed simple linear crown-bole diameter model. Based on this finding, dbh distribution was more (42 tree stands) concentrated at the lower diameter class (10 to 30cm) than at the upper diameter class distribution (31 and above). This could be that such tree stands might have been exploited as timber in the ecosystem. Nowadays, trees of smaller dimension are generally logged immediately they are discovered, especially the most economic and desirable species. The status of the tree species was a reversed “J” shaped distribution curve. The reverse ‘J-shape’ diameter distribution indicated healthy recruitment potentials; the lower class diameter tree stands could develop into mature trees and replace the old ones in the future if proper conservation efforts are sustained. Thus, this structure is typical of a natural forest. This finding estimated limiting stocking and stand density required for producing a complete canopy without effect of competition. D. oliverii with diameter 48.7cm would require a stocking of 168 trees per hectare in terms of total occupancy by tree crowns; stand density of 0.00001863m2ha-1 would be needed. Also, tree stands of 80cm dbh would have 73 tree stands limiting stocking, covering a stand density of 0.00005027m2/ha. Linear crown-bole diameter model could simply be used in forest inventory operations for determining the forest stock with less cost and time consuming. More research is needed with a greater variety of site and stand conditions in addition to a greater variety of tree sizes and ages.

scholarly journals Phytosociology and Regeneration Status in Different Permanent Preservation Plots across Different Forest Types in Madhya Pradesh, Central India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-198
Author(s):  
Sanjay Singh ◽  
Harish Bahadur Chand ◽  
Pavan Kumar Khatri ◽  
Dheerendra Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar Kewat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Regeneration Status

Tropical forests are a global biodiversity centre providing enormous ecosystem services to the humankind. The present study was undertaken to examine and analyze the phytosociology and regeneration status of tree species in 39 permanent preservation plots spread across 22 different forest sub-types in Madhya Pradesh, India. A total of 975 quadrats were laid with a sampling intensity of 2.42% of the total area under study. 109 tree species were recorded. Density range varied from 516 individuals/hectare (ind/ha) in southern tropical dry deciduous forests to 3,412 ind/ha in dry grassland forests. Most of the forest sub-types showed log normal distribution owing to relatively high species richness, diversity and evenness, but a low dominance. Out of 62,228 live stems recorded, 68.52% were poles followed by saplings (26.39%), young trees (5.01%) and mature trees (0.08%). The result also showed high seedling density in each forest sub-type ranging from 1,040 ind/ha to 51,124 ind/ha, indicating a healthy population of mature reproducing adults. The diameter distribution in all the forest sub-types showed negative slope and followed the classic inverse J-shaped curve frequently observed in natural forests. Most of the forest sub-types in these preservation plots are regenerating successfully owing to the absolute protection given to the studied sites. It is recommended to study carbon sequestration in these permanent preservation plots over a time, which will inform climate policymakers about the true potential of Indian tropical forests as carbon sink.

scholarly journals COMMUNITY STRUCTURE AND REGENERATION STATUS OF TREE SPECIES IN KYONGNOSLA ALPINE SANCTUARY, EASTERN HIMALAYA, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-257
Author(s):  
Subhajit Lahiri ◽  
Sudhansu Sekhar Dash
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Eastern Himalaya ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Over Exploitation

Habitat destruction, over exploitation, monoculture are major reasons for loss of primary forests in Himalaya. Tree population, composition and diversity particularly in the temperate Himalaya play a key role in the maintenance of many ecosystem services and natural biogeochemical cycles. The present study explores composition and regeneration status of tree species in a temperate mixed forest in Kyongnosla Alpine Sanctuary, East Sikkim, India.  Two sites at an elevation range of 2800–3800 m were selected and 20 plots of 20 m × 20 m for trees, 80 plots of 5 m × 5 m for saplings, and 160 plots of 1 m × 1 m for seedlings were sampled to study the regeneration status. A total of 17 tree species belonging to 9 genera and 8 families were recorded of which Rhododendron was the most dominant genus with maximum number of species. All the phytosociological attributes, such as relative density, abundance and important value index were calculated. The average species richness of adult trees and saplings was 13.5± 0.7 and for seedlings it was 12.5 ± 0.07. The mean density of seedlings was 3609.77 ± 494.39 individuals/ ha, for saplings  1540 ± 113.13 individuals/ha and of mature trees  548.75 ± 8.83 individuals/ha. Total basal area cover ranged from 36.61 to 40.35 m2/ha for trees, from 1.54 to 1.71 m2/ha for saplings.  Fair regeneration was observed in 64.72% of total species; good regeneration observed in 17.64% species, 11.76 % species exhibited poor regeneration while 5.88% showed no regeneration.  Density-diameter distribution exhibited decrease in tree densities towards higher DBH classes. The study not only provides reliable information on the ecosystem’s health of the sanctuary but also will help in understanding the complexity of the ecosystem function and an approach to conservation of biota.

scholarly journals Assessment of land-cover changes and carbon sequestration potentials of tree species in j4 section of Omo Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-152
Author(s):  
A.A. Adeyemi ◽  
S.O. Adeleke
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Pinus Caribaea ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Nauclea Diderrichii

We evaluated carbon stock accumulation on potential of tree species in five forest-types in Omo Forest Reserve of western Nigeria. This included four forest plantations and a natural forest of mixed species. The reserve was stratified into Gmelina arborea, Tectona grandis, Pinus carebeae and Nauclea diderrichii plantations as well as natural forest. Each forest-type was assessed using circular plot method. Plot points were pre-determined using remote sensing. For each point, two circular plots were established, the main plot with a radius of 12.61 m (500 m2 ) and the subplot with a radius of 5.64 m (100 m2 ). In each plot, tree Dbh and height were measured for trees with Dbh ≥10 cm, while only trees with Dbh <10 cm but >2 cm (i.e. 2 cm ≤ Dbh < 10 cm) were considered in the sub-plot. Soil samples were also collected at 10 locations with 2 each in the north, south, east, west and at the plot centre, in each forest-type. The samples were analysed to obtain soil organic carbon. Above- and belowground biomass and carbon stocks were estimated using the appropriate allometries formulated for the tropics. All empirical relationships were included in the existing allometries with Dbh and height as predictors. Landsat images of the reserve in 1991, 2000, 2014 and 2019 were processed and analysed to assess forest degradation. The results revealed that 23-year-old Pinus caribaea plantation  sequestered more carbon (35.78±2.73 tons/ha) than 35-year-old Gmelina arborea (18.96±1.82 tons/ha), 43-year-old Tectona grandis (17.75±2.13 tons/ha) and 43-year-old Nauclea diderrichii (17.36±1.87 tons/ha) plantations and natural forest (21.98±2.38 tons/ha). The study showed that stand density influences carbon stock accumulation of forest. It was observed that individual stems of Pinus caribaea were better carbon accumulators than Gmelina arborea, Tectona gransdis and Nauclea diderrichii. The same trend was observed for CO2 captures as Pinus caribaea captured 131.31±10.02 tons/ha with Nauclea diderrichii the least, having a value of 63.71±6.9 tons/ha. Keywords: Biomass, Carbon stock, Degradation, Forest-type, Stand density

scholarly journals MODEL DISTRIBUSI DIAMETER LIMA JENIS POHON PADA HUTAN TROPIKA BASAH DI KABUPATEN MAMUJU, SULAWESI BARAT

PERENNIAL ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Beta Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Polynomial Function ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Weibull Function ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
Tree Diameter ◽  
Tree Diameter Distribution

The objective of this research is to establish the most suitable tree diameter distribution model for five tree species on tropical rain forest in Mamuju District. This research was conducted on two locations. The 50 square plots were sampled systematically for seedling, sapling, pole and tree measurements of bintangur, jambu-jambu, lada-lada, matoa and nyatoh species. The distance among plots was 50 m. Variables to be measured were stem number of seedlings to trees and tree diameter at breast height (1,3 m) of saplings to trees. About 70% of the data were used to establish the best model, the rest of 30% were used to validate the model. Models to be analyzed were fourth-order semi-logarithmic transformed polynomial function, Weibull density function and monotonic decreasing Weibull function. The results show that the five tree species have a similar diameter distribution pattern. The shape of this distribution is the typical of uneven-aged stand distribution on natural forest, namely reversed J shape. The most suitable model for five species is second-order semi-logarithmic transformed polynomial function. Key words: model, diameter distribution, natural forest, uneven-aged stand.

scholarly journals El Niño-Southern Oscillation affects the water relations of tree species in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Palomo-Kumul ◽  
Mirna Valdez-Hernández ◽  
Gerald A. Islebe ◽  
Manuel J. Cach-Pérez ◽  
José Luis Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Species ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests ◽  
Dry Tropical Forests

AbstractWe evaluated the effect of ENSO 2015/16 on the water relations of eight tree species in seasonally dry tropical forests of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. The functional traits: wood density, relative water content in wood, xylem water potential and specific leaf area were recorded during the rainy season and compared in three consecutive years: 2015 (pre-ENSO conditions), 2016 (ENSO conditions) and 2017 (post-ENSO conditions). We analyzed tree size on the capacity to respond to water deficit, considering young and mature trees, and if this response is distinctive in species with different leaf patterns in seasonally dry tropical forests distributed along a precipitation gradient (700–1200 mm year−1). These traits showed a strong decrease in all species in response to water stress in 2016, mainly in the driest site. Deciduous species had lower wood density, higher predawn water potential and higher specific leaf area than evergreen species. In all cases, mature trees were more tolerant to drought. In the driest site, there was a significant reduction in water status, regardless of their leaf phenology, indicating that seasonally dry tropical forests are highly vulnerable to ENSO. Vulnerability of deciduous species is intensified in the driest areas and in the youngest trees.

Ontario's forest growth and yield modelling program: Advances resulting from the Forestry Research Partnership

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 694-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahadev Sharma ◽  
John Parton ◽  
Murray Woods ◽  
Peter Newton ◽  
Margaret Penner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Research Partnership ◽  
Wood Supply ◽  
Permanent Sample Plots ◽  
Forestry Research ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Forest Growth And Yield

The province of Ontario holds approximately 70.2 million hectares of forests: about 17% of Canada’s and 2% of the world’s forests. Approximately 21 million hectares are managed as commercial forests, with an annual harvest in the early part of the decade approaching 200 000 ha. Yield tables developed by Walter Plonski in the 1950s provide the basis for most wood supply calculations and growth projections in Ontario. However, due to changes in legislation, policy, and the planning process, they no longer fully meet the needs of resource managers. Furthermore, Plonski`s tables are not appropriate for the range of silvicultural options now practised in Ontario. In October 1999, the Canadian Ecology Centre- Forestry Research Partnership (CEC-FRP) was formed and initiated a series of projects that collectively aimed at characterizing, quantifying and ultimately increasing the economically available wood supply. Comprehensive, defensible, and reliable forecasts of forest growth and yield were identified as key knowledge gaps. The CEC-FRP, with support from the broader science community and forest industry, initiated several new research activities to address these needs, the results of which are outlined briefly in this paper. We describe new stand level models (e.g., benchmark yield curves, FVS Ontario, stand density management diagrams) that were developed using data collected from permanent sample plots and permanent growth plots established and remeasured during the past 5 decades. Similarly, we discuss new height–diameter equations developed for 8 major commercial tree species that specifically account for stand density. As well, we introduce a CEC-FRP-supported project aimed at developing new taper equations for plantation grown jack pine and black spruce trees established at varying densities. Furthermore, we provide an overview of various projects undertaken to explore measures of site productivity. Available growth intercept and site index equations are being evaluated and new equations are being developed for major commercial tree species as needed. We illustrate how these efforts are advancing Ontario’s growth and yield program and supporting the CEC-FRP in achieving its objective of increasing the supply of fibre by 10% in 10 years while maintaining forest sustainability. Key words: permanent sample plots (PSPs), permanent growth plots (PGPs), normal yield tables, sustainable forest management, NEBIE plot network, forest inventory, Forest Vegetation Simulator

scholarly journals Evaluating a single tree-based growth model for even-aged stands against the maximum size–density relationship: Some insights from balsam fir stands in Quebec, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 90 (04) ◽  
pp. 503-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Fortin ◽  
Stéphane Tremblay ◽  
Robert Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Diameter Distribution ◽  
Biological Behaviour ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Density Relationship

In this study, we addressed the issue of model evaluation when long-term monitoring data are unavailable or inappropriate. More specifically, we fitted a single tree-based growth model for pure even-aged balsam fir stands and we compared stochastic predictions with an existing maximum size–density relationship (MSDR). Growth trajectories for plots of different initial densities and diameter distributions were simulated over a 70-year period using 500 realizations for each combination of initial density-diameter distribution. Long-term predictions were consistent with the existing MSDR. The model properly reproduced the senescence phase in which the trajectories diverge from the MSDR. This phase was initiated when the average tree volume reached 0.2-0.3 m3 per tree, which roughly corresponded to a DBH (diameter at breast height, 1.3 m from the ground) between 19 and 23 cm. Although it cannot be generalized, our case study shows that a simple single tree-based growth model with a distance-independent competition index and no stand density index can reproduce an existing MSDR. The match between long-term predictions and an existing MSDR strengthens the confidence in the biological behaviour of the model.

scholarly journals Stand density biases the estimation of the site index especially on dry sites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astor Toraño Caicoya ◽  
Hans Pretzsch
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Density Control

The Site Index (SI) has been widely used in forest management and silviculture. It relies on the assumption that the height of dominant trees in a stand is independent from the local density. However, research on climate change suggests that under certain moisture stress conditions, this may not hold. Here, based on 29 plots from 5 long-term research experiments, we have tested the effect of local stand density on the SI of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst). With generalized additive models (GAMM), we analyzed the effect of stand structure and climate predictors on SI. The two evaluated models revealed that local stand density and age had a significant effect on SI (p≤0.001 ), showing a clear negative trend especially significant on sites with poor and dry soils, which may reduce the site index by a maximum of approximately 4 m for an increase in density between 400 and 600 trees/ha. We stress that the physiological characteristics of Norway spruce, flat-rooting system and xeromorphism, especially when growing in pure stands, may explain these effects. Thus, density control and growth in mixtures may help to reduce the water stress and losses in height growth under future climate conditions.

scholarly journals Terrestrial Carbon Stock Potential in Selected Forest in Bhutan, India and Nepal

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Kezang Choden ◽  
Bhagat Suberi ◽  
Purna Chettri
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
The Government

Forests are natural carbon reservoirs that play an important role in the global carbon cycle for storing large quantities of carbon in vegetation and soils. Carbon stored in pool helps in mitigating climate change by carbon sequestration. The vulnerable countries to changing climate such as Bhutan, Nepal, and India require a full understanding of carbon dynamics as well as baseline data on carbon stock potential to mitigate anticipated risks and vulnerabilities (RVs) through climate change. The scope of such RVs are trans boundary in nature, however, the comparative studies at regional scale are still scanty. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess the carbon stock potentials of selected forest types in the eastern Himalayan area, with an emphasis on Bhutan, India, and Nepal. This review paper is based on published articles, information from websites and considerable data from National forestry reports of India and Bhutan; emphasizing on aboveground biomass and soil organic carbon stock. The review showed that carbon stock potential is highly dependent on stand density, above-ground biomass, species richness and forest types. The sub-tropical forest was found to have larger carbon capacity and sequestration potential. SOC concentration and tree biomass stocks were significantly higher at the high altitude where there is less human disturbance. In general, forest coverage has increased compare to previous year in Bhutan, India and Nepal which ultimately leads to higher carbon stock potential. It is mainly due to strong policies and different strategies for conservation of forest management have reduced mass destruction despite a growing population. Despite the rules, deforestation continues to occur at various scales. However, it can be stated that the government and citizens are working hard to increase carbon stock potential, mostly through afforestation and community forest creation. In addition, it is recommended to practice sustainable forest management, regulated and planned cutting of trees and proper forest products utilization.

scholarly journals Composition and Diversity of Tree Species in Kamalachari Natural Forest of Chittagong South Forest Division, Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akhter Hossain ◽  
M. Kamal Hossain ◽  
M. Shafiul Alam ◽  
M. Main Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Forest Division
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