Trends in the development of the district heating systems of Ukraine

We considered trends in the development of district heating systems (DHS) in Europe and Ukraine. It was established that DHS are widely used and make a significant contribution to the heat supply of European countries. In the European Union as a whole, the share of DHS is 13%, and there are plans to increase it to 50% in 2050 with a wide use of cogeneration and renewable sources of energy, including environmental energy with using heat pumps. Ukraine is one of the countries with a high level of DHS, but, at present, there are negative trends to reducing their contribution to the total heat supply for heating and hot water supply – from 65.2% in 2014 to 52% in 2017. In several cities, DHS ceased to function at all. The main equipment of the DHS of Ukraine is physically worn out and technologically obsolete and needs to be renewed by means of wide reconstruction, modernization, and technological re-equipment. We determined factors and the level of their influence on the demand in thermal energy of DHS. It was established that the factors reducing demand have a much greater potential. We created forecasts of demand for thermal energy, fuel balance, and the structure of DHS generation by 2050. It is shown that the demand for thermal energy from DHS will decrease and reach about 35 million Gcal in 2050. To ensure the low-carbon development of Ukraine in the structure of thermal energy generation in DHS, the use of coal-fired CHPs and boilers, as well as boilers on petroleum products will be significantly reduced. The share of natural gas in the fuel balance of DHS of Ukraine will also decrease, but it will be the main fuel for the period of technological transformation of generating capacities under conditions of the low-carbon development of Ukraine. The use of technologies for the production of thermal energy from biomass, waste, environment, and electricity will gradually increase, and in 2050, using these sources will produce about 23.8 million Gcal, which is more than 60% of the total thermal energy of DHS. Keywords: district heating systems, thermal energy, factors of influence, demand, fuel balance, generation structure

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Hybrid solar-biomass system for district heating

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20198504006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 ◽

pp. 04006

Author(s):

Adrian Ilie ◽

Ion Vişa

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

District Heating ◽

Point Of View ◽

Hot Water ◽

Energy Sources ◽

District Heating System ◽

Heating Systems ◽

District Heating Systems

The energy used in the built-up environment represents at least 40% of the total energy consumed, out of which, at least 60% is required for heating, cooling and domestic hot water (DHW). Within the European Union, more than 6,000 communities (i.e. over 9%) use district heating systems, the majority of which use the conversion of fossil fuels as a source of energy. This aspect, which is corroborated by the directives of the EU legislation on the use of renewable energy sources and energy performance, imposes the development of new solutions through which the existing district heating systems may be adapted to use renewable energy sources. The solar-thermal systems that are used on a large (district) scale are becoming more and more efficient from the point of view of their feasibility; however, it is almost impossible to create systems that should satisfy the thermal energy demand throughout the four seasons of the year. The hybrid solar-biomass system is becoming the applicable solution for the majority of the communities that have from this potential, since it can secure independence from the point of view of the use of thermal energy. This paper presents the design stages for the implementation of the hybrid solar-biomass systems with a view to identifying the optimal solutions for systems to be integrated into an existing district heating system. A case study (Taberei District in Odorheiu Secuiesc City), which provides a detailed description of the feasible technical solutions, is presented.

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Economic efficiency of district heating systems’ heat generation technologies

The Problems of General Energy ◽

10.15407/pge2021.02.021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (2) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

V.O. Derii ◽

Keyword(s):

Heat Generation ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Heat Supply ◽

District Heating ◽

Heat Pumps ◽

Payback Period ◽

Ancillary Services ◽

Heating Systems ◽

District Heating Systems ◽

Marginal Price

A new selection criterion of heat-generating technologies for the district heating systems (DHS) retrofit, Marginal Levelized Price of Energy (MLPOE), is proposed. MLPOE is the minimum weighted marginal price of thermal energy produced by the technological unit. MLPOE accounts for the costs and incomes of considered heat generation technologies and allows more accurate comparison among technologies that produce only one type of energy with multi-product technologies, e.g. cogeneration technologies and technologies that provide ancillary services to power systems in addition to only heat production. The calculations with the use of the proposed criterion of heat-generation technologies implementation into DHS during its retrofit are showed that: - the electric boilers are economically feasible since as they are capable to provide ancillary services in case of electrical supply failures. The implementation of an electric boiler with an installed capacity of about 10 MW requires 2 -3.5 times higher expenditures for its connection to the grid, which leads to a 2.5 - 5 times longer payback period, but electric boilers' MLPOE is more than 2 times less than the average in Ukraine (1265.8 UAH / Gcal); - the heat pumps usage in DHS is feasible if they are used for heat supply purposes only with the capability to provide ancillary services. The marginal price for ancillary services should be not less than 17.1 € / MWh (as of 2020); - the boilers burning natural gas due to the lowest specific investment costs and hence small payback period will be widely used during DHS retrofit under conditions of low-carbon development of Ukraine; - the biomass burning boilers and cogeneration units will not be widely used due to the limited fuel resource (biomass) and on stock areas. The capacities of 1 - 6 MW are estimated to be in operation for DHS; Gas-piston cogeneration units are economically feasible for daily power system regulation. At the same time, they provide the lowest minimum weighted average break-even price of thermal energy for the heat supply company. Keywords: Marginal Levelized Price of Energy, Levelised Cost of Energy, power system, electric loads, heat pumps, boilers, cogeneration, district heating system

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Techno-economic planning and construction of cost-effective large-scale hot water thermal energy storage for Renewable District heating systems

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2019.11.017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 150 ◽

pp. 1165-1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fabian Ochs ◽

Abdulrahman Dahash ◽

Alice Tosatto ◽

Michele Bianchi Janetti

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Large Scale ◽

District Heating ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Economic Planning ◽

Hot Water ◽

Heating Systems ◽

District Heating Systems ◽

Planning And Construction

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Model predictive control for demand response of domestic hot water preparation in ultra-low temperature district heating systems

Energy and Buildings ◽

10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.023 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 146 ◽

pp. 55-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Michael Dahl Knudsen ◽

Steffen Petersen

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Model Predictive Control ◽

Predictive Control ◽

Demand Response ◽

District Heating ◽

Hot Water ◽

Heating Systems ◽

Domestic Hot Water ◽

District Heating Systems

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Exergy Analyses of Low-Temperature District Heating Systems With Different Sanitary Hot-Water Boosters

Entropy ◽

10.3390/e21040388 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 388

Author(s):

Poredoš ◽

Kitanovski ◽

Poredoš

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Winter Season ◽

District Heating ◽

Intersection Point ◽

Exergy Efficiency ◽

Hot Water ◽

Heating Systems ◽

District Heating Systems ◽

Different Types ◽

Exergy Analyses

This paper presents an exergy-efficiency analysis of low-temperature district heating systems (DHSs) with different sanitary hot-water (SHW) boosters. The required temperature of the sanitary hot water (SHW) was set to 50 °C. The main objective of this study was to compare the exergy efficiencies of a DHS without a booster to DHSs with three different types of boosters, i.e., electric-, gas-boiler- and heat-pump-based, during the winter and summer seasons. To achieve this, we developed a generalized model for the calculation of the exergy efficiency of a DHS with or without the booster. The results show that during the winter season, for a very low relative share of SHW production, the DHS without the booster exhibits favorable exergy efficiencies compared to the DHSs with boosters. By increasing this share, an intersection point above 45 °C for the supply temperatures, at which the higher exergy efficiency of a DHS with a booster prevails, can be identified. In the summer season the results show that a DHS without a booster at a supply temperature above 70 °C achieves lower exergy efficiencies compared to DHSs with boosters at supply temperatures above 40 °C. The results also show that ultra-low supply and return temperatures should be avoided for the DHSs with boosters, due to higher rates of entropy generation.

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