scholarly journals Economic efficiency of district heating systems’ heat generation technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
V.O. Derii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Ancillary Services ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Marginal Price

A new selection criterion of heat-generating technologies for the district heating systems (DHS) retrofit, Marginal Levelized Price of Energy (MLPOE), is proposed. MLPOE is the minimum weighted marginal price of thermal energy produced by the technological unit. MLPOE accounts for the costs and incomes of considered heat generation technologies and allows more accurate comparison among technologies that produce only one type of energy with multi-product technologies, e.g. cogeneration technologies and technologies that provide ancillary services to power systems in addition to only heat production. The calculations with the use of the proposed criterion of heat-generation technologies implementation into DHS during its retrofit are showed that: - the electric boilers are economically feasible since as they are capable to provide ancillary services in case of electrical supply failures. The implementation of an electric boiler with an installed capacity of about 10 MW requires 2 -3.5 times higher expenditures for its connection to the grid, which leads to a 2.5 - 5 times longer payback period, but electric boilers' MLPOE is more than 2 times less than the average in Ukraine (1265.8 UAH / Gcal); - the heat pumps usage in DHS is feasible if they are used for heat supply purposes only with the capability to provide ancillary services. The marginal price for ancillary services should be not less than 17.1 € / MWh (as of 2020); - the boilers burning natural gas due to the lowest specific investment costs and hence small payback period will be widely used during DHS retrofit under conditions of low-carbon development of Ukraine; - the biomass burning boilers and cogeneration units will not be widely used due to the limited fuel resource (biomass) and on stock areas. The capacities of 1 - 6 MW are estimated to be in operation for DHS; ­ Gas-piston cogeneration units are economically feasible for daily power system regulation. At the same time, they provide the lowest minimum weighted average break-even price of thermal energy for the heat supply company. Keywords: Marginal Levelized Price of Energy, Levelised Cost of Energy, power system, electric loads, heat pumps, boilers, cogeneration, district heating system

scholarly journals Trends in the development of the district heating systems of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
V.O. Derii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Fuel Balance ◽  
Generation Structure ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Low Carbon Development

We considered trends in the development of district heating systems (DHS) in Europe and Ukraine. It was established that DHS are widely used and make a significant contribution to the heat supply of European countries. In the European Union as a whole, the share of DHS is 13%, and there are plans to increase it to 50% in 2050 with a wide use of cogeneration and renewable sources of energy, including environmental energy with using heat pumps. Ukraine is one of the countries with a high level of DHS, but, at present, there are negative trends to reducing their contribution to the total heat supply for heating and hot water supply – from 65.2% in 2014 to 52% in 2017. In several cities, DHS ceased to function at all. The main equipment of the DHS of Ukraine is physically worn out and technologically obsolete and needs to be renewed by means of wide reconstruction, modernization, and technological re-equipment. We determined factors and the level of their influence on the demand in thermal energy of DHS. It was established that the factors reducing demand have a much greater potential. We created forecasts of demand for thermal energy, fuel balance, and the structure of DHS generation by 2050. It is shown that the demand for thermal energy from DHS will decrease and reach about 35 million Gcal in 2050. To ensure the low-carbon development of Ukraine in the structure of thermal energy generation in DHS, the use of coal-fired CHPs and boilers, as well as boilers on petroleum products will be significantly reduced. The share of natural gas in the fuel balance of DHS of Ukraine will also decrease, but it will be the main fuel for the period of technological transformation of generating capacities under conditions of the low-carbon development of Ukraine. The use of technologies for the production of thermal energy from biomass, waste, environment, and electricity will gradually increase, and in 2050, using these sources will produce about 23.8 million Gcal, which is more than 60% of the total thermal energy of DHS. Keywords: district heating systems, thermal energy, factors of influence, demand, fuel balance, generation structure

scholarly journals Geothermal resources of Kamchatka and the nearest prospects of their development

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-65
Author(s):  
A. V. Kiryukhin ◽  
V. M. Sugrobov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Consumption ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

The forecast geothermal resources of Kamchatka are sufficient to generate 3900 MW of electrical energy. The same resources for heat supply are estimated at a capacity of 1350 MWt (thermal). Thermohydrodynamic TOUGH2 modeling of exploitation of already identified productive hydrogeothermal reservoirs with installed energy properties allows us to predict: 1) the possibility of increasing the electrical performance of already operating areas of the Mutnovsky field up to 105 MW and the Pauzhetsky field up to 11 MW using binary technologies; 2) the possibility of increasing heat generation at the Paratunskoye field with submersible pumps up to 216 MWt, which will fully ensure the heat consumption of the district heating systems of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.

scholarly journals Improving the efficiency of heat release regulation in centralized heat supply systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-97
Author(s):  
O Shelimanova ◽  
◽  
A. Kolienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Heat Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Ensuring optimal hydraulic and thermal regimes in district heating systems (DHS) in the regulation of heat supply is an important factor in improving the energy and economic efficiency of DHS. In addition, high efficiency of the HS system is a factor that can ensure the preservation of its vital functions. Solving the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of the heat supply system is a complex problem that requires changes at all stages of heat transformation: in the energy source, heating networks and subscriber heating systems of heat consumers. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of heat dissipation control processes in district heating systems on their energy and economic efficiency, provide recommendations for improving control processes taking into account modern challenges and regulatory requirements, analyze heat dissipation temperature schedules and select the optimal temperature schedule. It is shown that the optimal is the combined quantitative and qualitative regulation of heat release, which should be carried out both at the energy source and at consumers. The paper considers the possibility of using combined control systems in the existing district heating systems of Ukrainian cities. It is shown that the achievement of high energy efficiency is possible only with the introduction of automatic individual heating points with weather control and pressure drop regulators at the inlet to the buildings in the subscriber heating systems. Calculations of the amount of heat consumption reduction of centralized heat supply systems with the introduction of optimal control systems are performed.

scholarly journals Optimal Energy Portfolios in the Heating Sector and Flexibility Potentials of Combined-Heat-Power Plants and District Heating Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-234
Author(s):  
Maciej Raczyński ◽  
Artur Wyrwa ◽  
Marcin Pluta ◽  
Wojciech Suwała
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Power ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
District Heating Systems

AbstractThis chapter examines the role of centralized district heating (DH) systems in context of energy system flexibility and decarbonization. The analysis is performed by applying the model TIMES-Heat-EU. Capacity expansion and operation of the district heating generation units is mainly driven by the evolution of the district heating demand, which varies between the REFLEX scenarios. In all scenarios fuel and technology switches toward bioenergy and natural gas leading to CO2 emission reduction. Since the total amount of energy produced (both heat and electricity) is the highest in the High-RES centralized scenario, the corresponding CO2 emissions for district heating are the highest as well. The CO2 emissions can be reduced by ⁓60% in 2050 compared to 2015. Furthermore, the role of thermal energy storage and power-to-heat technologies is examined.

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