Solar Lighting^|^mdash;An Outline of the State and Two Recent Examples

2011 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Masato TAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Solar Lighting

Ecological Sustainability of Fiber Optic Solar Lighting in the Future of the State of Qatar

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad AhsanShaikh ◽  
Musbah S. Mahfoud
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fiber Optics ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
The State ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Lighting

The use of electric lighting in our homes and our workplaces stands for a significant portion of the society’s electric energy consumption. Furthermore, generating such electricity leads to the production of greenhouse gases. At the same time as the electricity is coming through our lamps inside our houses, an overflow of light is flowing down from the sky and hits the exterior of the same houses. At almost any day of the year, the daylight is superior in both the illumination level and quality compared to the artificial light we are using for our everyday tasks. A technology capable of collecting this abundant sunlight and distributing it, via optical fibers, into the interior of a building will be of great benefit. Sunlight is an abundant and infinite source of energy that is being underutilized in Qatar. The state’s climate is sunny most of the year, with temperatures ranging from 12°C to 48°C, and thus the solar source of energy is abundant. Therefore, it is of an economical benefit for the state to harvest and utilize this energy source in every way possible. In Qatar, a large part of electricity is used for indoor lighting during daytime, accounting for 10% of the total electric energy required for buildings. In many facilities, this percentage is even higher. For example, illumination in an office space of 400 m2 accounts for approximately 40% of the total energy consumption of the space. In fact, Qatar is recognized amongst the world’s largest consumers of energy per capita. According to the United Nations Statistic Division, relative to the size of Qatar’s economy, the country on a whole uses twice the amount of energy as the nations of Germany or Japan. As a partial remedy to reduce the consumption of electrical energy, Qatar can take advantage of its sunny climate, and thus it is possible to collect and focus sunlight on optic-fiber cables that transfer the light to indoor rooms, buildings and stores. In the present work, we wanted to cast some light on fiber optic daylighting and its potential use in a very sunny and relatively hot environment, such as that in Qatar. The main goal of this project was to explore the use of a lighting system based on fiber optics as the main light source.

Practical Picture Processing

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
T. A. Welton
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Coherence Length ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Coherent Radiation ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Spread ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Picture Processing ◽  
Molecular Skeleton

Various authors have emphasized the spatial information resident in an electron micrograph taken with adequately coherent radiation. In view of the completion of at least one such instrument, this opportunity is taken to summarize the state of the art of processing such micrographs. We use the usual symbols for the aberration coefficients, and supplement these with £ and 6 for the transverse coherence length and the fractional energy spread respectively. He also assume a weak, biologically interesting sample, with principal interest lying in the molecular skeleton remaining after obvious hydrogen loss and other radiation damage has occurred.

Pragmatic versus Morphological/Syntactic Criteria for Language Referrals

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Damico ◽  
John W. Oller
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Remedial Programs ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Communicative Effectiveness

Two methods of identifying language disordered children are examined. Traditional approaches require attention to relatively superficial morphological and surface syntactic criteria, such as, noun-verb agreement, tense marking, pluralization. More recently, however, language testers and others have turned to pragmatic criteria focussing on deeper aspects of meaning and communicative effectiveness, such as, general fluency, topic maintenance, specificity of referring terms. In this study, 54 regular K-5 teachers in two Albuquerque schools serving 1212 children were assigned on a roughly matched basis to one of two groups. Group S received in-service training using traditional surface criteria for referrals, while Group P received similar in-service training with pragmatic criteria. All referrals from both groups were reevaluated by a panel of judges following the state determined procedures for assignment to remedial programs. Teachers who were taught to use pragmatic criteria in identifying language disordered children identified significantly more children and were more often correct in their identification than teachers taught to use syntactic criteria. Both groups identified significantly fewer children as the grade level increased.

Medicaid 101: A Primer for Speech-Language Pathologists in Education Settings

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Janet Deppe ◽  
Marie Ireland
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Inspector General ◽  
Medical Necessity ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
School Based ◽  
Emerging Trends

This paper will provide the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) with an overview of the federal requirements for Medicaid, including provider qualifications, “under the direction of” rule, medical necessity, and covered services. Billing, documentation, and reimbursement issues at the state level will be examined. A summary of the findings of the Office of Inspector General audits of state Medicaid plans is included as well as what SLPs need to do in order to ensure that services are delivered appropriately. Emerging trends and advocacy tools will complete the primer on Medicaid services in school settings.

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