Pragmatic versus Morphological/Syntactic Criteria for Language Referrals

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Damico ◽  
John W. Oller
Keyword(s):  
Grade Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Verb Agreement ◽  
Remedial Programs ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Communicative Effectiveness

Two methods of identifying language disordered children are examined. Traditional approaches require attention to relatively superficial morphological and surface syntactic criteria, such as, noun-verb agreement, tense marking, pluralization. More recently, however, language testers and others have turned to pragmatic criteria focussing on deeper aspects of meaning and communicative effectiveness, such as, general fluency, topic maintenance, specificity of referring terms. In this study, 54 regular K-5 teachers in two Albuquerque schools serving 1212 children were assigned on a roughly matched basis to one of two groups. Group S received in-service training using traditional surface criteria for referrals, while Group P received similar in-service training with pragmatic criteria. All referrals from both groups were reevaluated by a panel of judges following the state determined procedures for assignment to remedial programs. Teachers who were taught to use pragmatic criteria in identifying language disordered children identified significantly more children and were more often correct in their identification than teachers taught to use syntactic criteria. Both groups identified significantly fewer children as the grade level increased.

Studies of Islam, Economics, and Governance

1994 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-70
Author(s):  
Florence Eid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ford Foundation ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Islamic Values

IntroductionThis paper is a report on the state of research in two areas of Islamicstudies: Islam and economics and Islam and governance. I researched andwrote it as part of my internship at the Ford Foundation during the summerof 1992. On Discourse. The study of Islam in the United States has moved far beyondthe traditional historical and philological methods. This is perhapsbest explained by the development of analytically rigorous social sciencemethods that have contributed to a better balance between the humanisticconcerns of the more traditional approaches and efforts at systematizingthe study of Islam and classifying it across boundaries of communities,religions, even epochs. This is said to have s t a d with the developmentof irenic attitudes towards Islam, which changed the direction of westemorientalist writings from indifference (at best) and often open hostility toand contempt of Islamic values (however they were understood) to phenomenologicalworks by scholars who saw the study of Islam as somethingto be taken seriously and for its own sake, which is best exemplifiedby Clifford Geertz's Islam Observed.The work of Edward Said contested this evolution, and the publicationof his Orientalism has been described as "a stick of dynamite"' that,despite its impact in mobilizing a reevaluation of the field, was unwarrantedin its pessimism. In any case, the field has continued to evolve,with the most powerful force moving it being the subject itself. Thephenomenological/orientalist approach, if we can point to one today, ...

scholarly journals Preceptors in Medical Residency Programs: Epidemiological Profile and Pedagogic Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderval de Melo Carvalho Filho ◽  
Almira Alves dos Santos ◽  
Rozangela Maria de Almeida Fernandes Wyszomirska ◽  
Isabella Costa Figueiredo Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Medical Residency ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Service Training ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract: Introduction: Medical Residency is a specialization course characterized as in-service training, considered in Brazil as the gold standard in the development of specialist physicians’ training. The medical residency preceptorship is an activity carried out by a specialist physician, responsible for monitoring resident physicians. However, there is neither a definition of the main requirements for such a preceptor, nor of his/her academic background to carry out the due teaching training, and it was possible to notice a relative lack of preparation regarding the pedagogical aspects. Methods: Descriptive study based on a quantitative approach, comprising 200 preceptors, of both genders, from medical residency programs in Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil. Results: The mean age was 43.31 ± 10.31 years, with a slight majority of female participants (52.5%). The mean time since graduation was 19.5 ± 10.58 years, and 83% of the participants had graduated in the state of Alagoas. Moreover, 78.5% said they had their Medical Residency certification, with an increased trend of public institution preceptors getting their degree at the stricto sensu level. The mean time of their completed postgraduate course was 12.63 ± 10.87 years and 7.07 ± 6.99 years being a preceptor. Only 19% mentioned they had some qualification for exercising the preceptorship, and 29.5% work as the teachers at the undergraduate level. The state of Alagoas has followed the expansion of the Residency programs, justifying the mean age found, similar to other studies. The majority of female participants can be associated with the feminization of health care professionals. The high percentage of preceptors with medical residency qualification is in accordance with Resolution n. 4/1978. We found experienced preceptors, but some authors differed. The low percentage of preceptors with qualification for exercising preceptorship indicates low interest and lack of available training. Conclusion: This study population is characterized as being young, and most are females. They have had long professional experience, and most have graduated in the state of Alagoas. There is a predominance of medical residency as their main qualification, and few of them have had training in the field. Finally, preceptors from public institutions have mostly got their degrees at the stricto sensu level.

Accelerating Mobile-Cloud Computing

2015 ◽  
pp. 1933-1955
Author(s):  
Tolga Soyata ◽  
He Ba ◽  
Wendi Heinzelman ◽  
Minseok Kwon ◽  
Jiye Shi
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mobile Cloud Computing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Mobile Cloud ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Traditional Approaches

With the recent advances in cloud computing and the capabilities of mobile devices, the state-of-the-art of mobile computing is at an inflection point, where compute-intensive applications can now run on today's mobile devices with limited computational capabilities. This is achieved by using the communications capabilities of mobile devices to establish high-speed connections to vast computational resources located in the cloud. While the execution scheme based on this mobile-cloud collaboration opens the door to many applications that can tolerate response times on the order of seconds and minutes, it proves to be an inadequate platform for running applications demanding real-time response within a fraction of a second. In this chapter, the authors describe the state-of-the-art in mobile-cloud computing as well as the challenges faced by traditional approaches in terms of their latency and energy efficiency. They also introduce the use of cloudlets as an approach for extending the utility of mobile-cloud computing by providing compute and storage resources accessible at the edge of the network, both for end processing of applications as well as for managing the distribution of applications to other distributed compute resources.

scholarly journals Constitutions of the CIS countries and Other Post-Socialist States: A Comparative Legal Review

2018 ◽  
pp. 81-81
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Using comparative legal research method, the author examines the constitutions of the CIS countries, as well as the other post-socialist countries. Over the past nearly three decades that have passed since the collapse of the Soviet Union these countries were in a state of permanent changes in the economy and state-building, guided by the ideas of fiding their own way of development in the conditions of the collapse of the old ideals. The results of such a search are of scientifi interest and fid reflction in the constitutions. The author compares the constitutions of the above-mentioned states by the form, procedure for adopting and modifying them, the characteristics of the state enshrined in them, the form of government, the form of state structure, the specifis of the constitutional status of a person and citizen, and institutional mechanisms for the legal protection of the constitution. A conclusion is made that the application of the traditional approaches to classifiation of forms of government is of little use for the classifiation of the forms of government of states that are attributed to the CIS countries and the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia). The author’s classifiation of forms of government in these states is proposed. He also pays much attention to the form of the state structure of the CIS countries and other post-socialist states, including the problem of the existence of unrecognized and partially recognized independent states operating in the territory of some CIS countries and post-socialist states.

scholarly journals ON THE PRE-SERVICE AND IN-SERVICE TRAINING AT THE STATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION “UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATIONAL MANAGEMENT” OF NAES OF UKRAINE UNDER THE BLENDED LEARNING

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykola Kyrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Blended Learning ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Higher Education Institution ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Service Training ◽  
State Higher Education

The report presents the implementation of blended learning at the State Higher Education Institution “University of Education Management” of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine caused by the priority of forming an innovative environment for pre-service and in-service training. The focus is on introducing online technologies, fundamental changes in approaches to the organization of education at the University with appropriate methodological approaches and models. The following components of the organization of the educational process are presented: organizational (regulatory framework, technological support, material and technical base, creation of digital workplaces, mastering digital technologies by lecturers and students, mastering necessary competencies by academic staff, content creation for training programs); methodical (flipped classroom model, use of online courses, educational and methodical support, author’s courses, academic mobility); technological (learning platforms, digital tools). Pre-service and in-service training under the blended learning in the system of formal, non-formal, and informal education by creating a unified educational and digital ecosystem is analyzed. The organization of in-service training at the “Ukrainian Open University” based on the cloud technologies in the non-formal education system is described. The results of monitoring key indicators of the educational environment are presented.

SECURITY ORGANIZATION AND REGIM OF DETENTION FOR PRISONERS OF WAR AND INTERNEES IN SIBERIAN CAMPS IN 1945-1950

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
N.M. Markdorf ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Private Security ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
The State ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Civilian Employees ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Discipline ◽  
Prison Guards ◽  
Training Of Personnel

The article provides an analysis of the problems of the provision of camps in Siberia with personnel and the protection of foreign prisoners of war and internees in the 1945-1950s, which were considered and resolved both at the state and regional levels. Despite the low personnel potential, a systematic under-staffing of the military personnel of the garrison of the convoy troops and private security in 1947-1948 largely these problems were solved. This was made possible thanks to the complex of administrative and educational measures, the reduction of unprofitable and understaffed units, the staffing of the camps with freed up qualified officers, prison guards and civilian employees, the strengthening of military discipline, the combat and service training of personnel, the strengthening of control by political departments and operational departments, and the intensification of intelligence -information activities. It was possible to reduce the number of shoots.

scholarly journals Measure to succeed: How to improve employee participation in continuous improvement

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jurburg ◽  
Elisabeth Viles ◽  
Martin Tanco ◽  
Ricardo Mateo ◽  
Alvaro Lleó
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
The State ◽  
Critical Factors ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
People Development ◽  
Participation Process ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Purpose: Achieving employee participation in continuous improvement (CI) systems is considered as one of the success factors for the sustainability of those systems. Yet, it is also very difficult to obtain because of the interaction of many critical factors that affect employee participation. Therefore, finding ways of measuring all these critical factors can help practitioners manage the employee participation process accordingly.Design/methodology/approach: Based upon the existing literature, this paper presents a 4-Phase (9 steps) diagnostic tool to measure the main determinants associated with the implementation of CI systems affecting employee participation in improvement activities.Findings: The tool showed its usefulness to detect the main weaknesses and improvement opportunities for improving employee participation in CI through the application in two different cases.Practical implications: This diagnostic tool could be particularly interesting for companies adopting CI and other excellence frameworks, which usually include a pillar related to people development inside the organization, but do not include tools to diagnose the state of this pillar.Originality/value: This diagnostic tool presents a user’s perspective approach, ensuring that the weaknesses and improvement opportunities detected during the diagnose come directly from the users of the CI system, which in this case are the employees themselves. Given that the final objective is to identify reasons and problems hindering employee participation, adopting this user’s perspective approach seem more relevant than adopting other more traditional approaches, based on gathering information from the CI system itself or from the CI managers. 

Education for health promotion: the challenges of centrality and decentralization in southern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Lopes Gomide ◽  
S B Frantz Krug
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Promotion Policy ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Service Training ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background The research starts at the possible invisibility of the theme of Health Promotion (PS) in Health education, its curricular propositions as well as its teaching strategies, and when visible, questions arise: What is the concept of Promotion in Health underpinning the training actions implemented? The concealment of the theme makes it impossible to produce the Health Promotion within the scope of a Residency Program? Methods To analyze the dynamics of the conduct of the Health Promotion Policy, present in the relationship between the centrality of the guidelines formulated at national and global level and the decentralization of Health Education strategies. This proposal presents a qualitative and systemic approach, which intends to analyze four in-service training programs (three national and one international), with regard to the conceptual conceptions of Health Promotion and Health System users. the subjects of the research, conduct semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis when necessary. Results This proposal presents as a reference the expanded concept of health and its social determinants, the responsibility of the State in sanitary regulation, universality, population participation and integrality, accessibility to information as a right and territorialization. Conclusions This study will feed the elaboration, in two Brazilian municipalities, through the School of Public Health of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, of a training proposal for health workers, guided by the conceptual and political framework of Health Promotion. Key messages The dynamics of the Health Promotion Policy, present in the relationship between the centrality of the guidelines formulated at global level and the decentralization of Health Education strategies. The importance of Health Promotion in interprofessional training in health services.

scholarly journals Preceptores de Residência Médica: Perfil Epidemiológico e Capacitação Pedagógica

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderval de Melo Carvalho Filho ◽  
Almira Alves dos Santos ◽  
Rozangela Maria de Almeida Fernandes Wyszomirska ◽  
Isabella Costa Figueiredo Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Medical Residency ◽  
Residency Programs ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract: Introduction: Medical Residency is a specialization course characterized as in-service training, considered in Brazil as the gold standard in the development of specialist physicians’ training. The medical residency preceptorship is an activity carried out by a specialist physician, responsible for monitoring resident physicians. However, there is neither a definition of the main requirements for such a preceptor, nor of his/her academic background to carry out the due teaching training, and it was possible to notice a relative lack of preparation regarding the pedagogical aspects. Methods: Descriptive study based on a quantitative approach, comprising 200 preceptors, of both genders, from medical residency programs in Maceió, state of Alagoas, Brazil. Results: The mean age was 43.31 ± 10.31 years, with a slight majority of female participants (52.5%). The mean time since graduation was 19.5 ± 10.58 years, and 83% of the participants had graduated in the state of Alagoas. Moreover, 78.5% said they had their Medical Residency certification, with an increased trend of public institution preceptors getting their degree at the stricto sensu level. The mean time of their completed postgraduate course was 12.63 ± 10.87 years and 7.07 ± 6.99 years being a preceptor. Only 19% mentioned they had some qualification for exercising the preceptorship, and 29.5% work as the teachers at the undergraduate level. The state of Alagoas has followed the expansion of the Residency programs, justifying the mean age found, similar to other studies. The majority of female participants can be associated with the feminization of health care professionals. The high percentage of preceptors with medical residency qualification is in accordance with Resolution n. 4/1978. We found experienced preceptors, but some authors differed. The low percentage of preceptors with qualification for exercising preceptorship indicates low interest and lack of available training. Conclusion: This study population is characterized as being young, and most are females. They have had long professional experience, and most have graduated in the state of Alagoas. There is a predominance of medical residency as their main qualification, and few of them have had training in the field. Finally, preceptors from public institutions have mostly got their degrees at the stricto sensu level.

scholarly journals Pendekatan Dakwah Kontemporari Melalui Kesenian

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sahlan Abdul Hatim ◽  
Mohd Nizam Sahad
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Target Audience ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
Society Today

The development of da'wah demands a diverse approach in line with the passage of time and the state of society today. The delivery of preaching is no longer tied to lectures or traditional approaches but is even necessary to contemporary approaches that meet the demands of the target audience. Realizing that art has the values of beauty and can give charm to human beings, then the use of art in da'wah is quite significant. In addition to contributing to the demands of nature, art that meets Shari'a boundaries and contains educational elements also has the potential to influence thinking and lifestyle more positively. As such, art is seen as one of the effective mediums for propagating Islam to its target audience through the use of communication technology and social media applications. Therefore, the study by document analysis as well as the results of research in the form of books, journals, and papers discuss the concept of da'wah and art, art according to Islamic perspective and art as a contemporary da'wah approach. Perkembangan dakwah pada masa kini menuntut kepada pendekatan yang pelbagai selari dengan peredaran zaman dan keadaan masyarakat pada masa kini. Penyampaian dakwah tidak lagi terikat dengan cara berceramah atau pendekatan secara tradisi semata-mata bahkan perlu kepada pendekatan kontemporari yang dapat memenuhi keinginan sasaran dakwah. Menyedari kesenian yang mempunyai nilai-nilai keindahan dan berupaya memberi daya tarikan kepada manusia, maka pemanfaatan kesenian dalam dakwah adalah suatu yang cukup signifikan. Di samping berperanan memenuhi tuntutan fitrah, kesenian yang menepati batasan syariat serta mengandungi elemen-elemen mendidik turut berpotensi besar dalam mempengaruhi pemikiran dan gaya hidup ke arah yang lebih positif. Justeru, kesenian dilihat sebagai salah satu medium dakwah yang berkesan dalam menyebarluaskan Islam kepada sasaran khalayak melalui penggunaan aplikasi teknologi komunikasi dan media sosial. Oleh yang demikian, kajian secara analisis dokumen serta hasil kajian dalam bentuk buku, jurnal dan kertas kerja ini membincangkan tentang konsep dakwah dan kesenian, kesenian menurut perspektif Islam dan kesenian sebagai pendekatan dakwah kontemporari.

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