Semantics of Verbs with the Prefix при- in a Russian Literary Work by N. V. Gogol with Reference to Their Chinese Equivalents

The article analyzes verbs with the prefix при- in a Russian literary work and its Chinese translation from the linguistic perspective. The relevance of the work is determined by the need to overcome intercultural barriers that arise as a result of insufficient comparative analysis of Russian prefixed verbs and their Chinese equivalents in terms of semantics. The purpose of the article is to identify the semantic characteristics of the word-formation prefix при- which determine the meaning of verbs in the Russian literary fiction and its Chinese translation.To achieve this goal, we have formulated the following objectives: 1) to present the main meanings of the prefix при- in the verbs selected from “Revizor” by N. V. Gogol; 2) to find out the main ways of translating the Russian verbs with this prefix the above literary work into Chinese; 3) to identify national and cultural specifics of the translation of the prefix при- into the Chinese language.The sources of materials are contexts, containing verbs with the prefix при-, from the comedy “The Inspector General” by N. V. Gogol. The methods used are a comparative, a semantic, and a linguo-cognitive types of analyses.The novelty of the research is that it is by far the first attempt to: 1) analyze the verbs with the prefix при- in the Russian literary work and in the Chinese translated text based on the comparative, semantic, and linguo-cognitive types of analyses; 2) find out the main methods of translating verbs with the prefix при- from Russian into Chinese; 3) reveal some national and cultural features of the translation of this prefix into Chinese. In our opinion, the results obtained during the analysis are relevant for the study of such branches of linguistics as grammar, word formation, semantics, as well as cognitive linguistics and theory and practice of translation.

Recio Morales, Óscar, Alejandro O’Reilly, inspector general. Poder militar, familia y territorio en el reinado de Carlos III, Madrid, Sílex, 2020, 514 págs. ISBN: 9788477378372

Reseña de la obra de Recio Morales, Óscar, Alejandro O’Reilly, inspector general. Poder militar, familia y territorio en el reinado de Carlos III, Madrid, Sílex, 2020, 514 págs. ISBN: 9788477378372

Formación y profesionalización en educación de los cuerpos en Argentina a inicios del siglo XX

Este trabajo está enmarcado dentro de la cátedra de Educación Física 5 del Profesorado en Educación Física de la Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (FaHCE-UNLP). El mismo tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis crítico de la carta realizada por el entonces Inspector General de Enseñanza Secundaria y Normal, Pablo Armando Pizzurno, al Ministro de Justicia e Instrucción Pública del país, Juan Eugenio Serú, el 21 de septiembre de 1901, para visibilizar y problematizar los sentidos y discursos en torno a qué tipo de conocimientos y saberes debían tener los encargados de educar los cuerpos en las escuelas, y consecuentemente, cómo debería ser la formación de los profesores en Educación Física. La formación hasta ese entonces estaba fuertemente influenciada por la Escuela de Gimnasia y Esgrima del Ejército. La hipótesis arroja que la carta da cuenta de la demanda de pedagogos, higienistas, fisiólogos y médicos para formar una Educación Física al servicio de la Nación. Teniendo a la ciencia como garante, la incipiente formación profesional y disciplinar debía, a través de una correcta, metódica, científica e higiénica aplicación de ejercicios naturales, prolongar y regular no solo la vida y el cuerpo individual, sino más que nada la vida y el cuerpo nacional.

Mapping Damascus during the First World War. A German-Ottoman Cooperation of Cartography, Archaeology and Military?

In 1916, the German museum director and archaeologist Theodor Wiegand travelled to the Near East and became “Inspector General of Antiquities in Syria” as head of the 19th Bureau within the IV Ottoman Army under Ahmed Cemal Pasha. In the post-war period the formation was called “German Turkish Commando for Monument Protection”, though it consisted mainly of German archaeologists and architects who dedicated themselves to the preservation of antique sites and the collection of antiquities. To investigate the region, the scientists also used Bavarian Flying-Detachments and had aerial photographs taken. The Commando enquired, preserved, and surveyed ancient sites. However, the scientists were also involved in mapping important sites and cities such as Damascus. For this purpose, the archaeologists not only conducted trigonometrical surveys but also used aerial photographs to complement the results taken on the ground.Against the background of the German-Ottoman cooperation and the involvement of experts such as archaeologists and architects, the paper analyses the – occasionally paradoxical – situation in which the actors dedicated themselves to map the city of Damascus. The contribution answers the question whether the map was developed to visualize ancient buildings and structures in Damascus for preservation purposes or was rather produced due to military objectives. In a helix of overlapping or rivalling aims and agendas of the German and Ottoman archaeology, military and politics it shows attempts, measures and intentions aiming at the production of maps during the First World War.

Getting to Grips with the Military

Venizelos, who took the position of War Minister himself, attached high priority to restoring discipline and strengthening the army, knowing that it would be tested in war within a few years. He favored appointments on merit, of the best men regardless of political affiliations, to high positions both in the army and in the administration. His first and most significant appointment was of staff officer Ioannis Metaxas, a dynamic royalist, as his ADC. He decided to bring back Crown Prince Constantine to the position of Inspector General of the army, though he knew that this would displease Zorbas and his former colleagues in the military league. Contrary to the views of the king and crown prince, Venizelos invited a French military mission and a British naval mission to Greece. The missions were generally successful in improving 8training, less so in procurement, where the British were unable to wean the Greek navy off its preference for large capital ships

The Crown Prince

The chapter opens with a historical analysis of the dilemmas of foreign policy faced by Greece: what to do about the Greek speaking communities outside the bounds of the Greek kingdom, for example whether to adopt policies of conciliation of Turkey, or aim to combine with Bulgaria against Turkey. These unresolved issues had new immediacy in Venizelos's period as prime minister since the Balkan states were pressing for action against Turkey. After a short spell of euphoria about the possible effects of the Young Turk revolution, in the face of Turkish 'Ottomanization' of the Christian minorities Venizelos adopted a hardheaded policy, aiming to strengthen Greece's armed forces, meanwhile avoiding provocation of Turkey while work remained to do in improving the armed forces. In June 1911 Venizelos introduced a bill reintegrating the Crown Prince in the army as Inspector General, contrary to the views of Zorbas, Dragoumis and others. The bill became law and the Crown Prince's position was reinforced.

Nikolai Gogolʼs “Pre-notification for Those Who Would Like to Play ‘The Government Inspector’ Properly”: New Dating

The article is devoted to the history of authorʼs comments to Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General” – the article “Pre-notification for those who would like to play ‘The Government Inspector’ properly”. In refutation of the traditional dating attributing this work, without substantial arguments, to 1846, the author cites a number of facts that indicate that the origin of the “Pre-notification...” is connected with the history of Gogol’s creation in late December 1840 – February 1841 second edition of “The Government Inspector”.

P. Merime’s Essay “Nikolai Gogol”

Merimee’s essay “Nikolai Gogol”, in which the author presented the Russian writer as an imitator of European models, a satirist who focused on portraying the flaws of Russian life, a writer who neglects the plausibility of the overall composition is considered in the article. The author of this article shows that such a superficial and biased approach to Gogol’s texts aroused indignation among Russian journalists in both 19th century capitals and continues to be criticized by Russian and French literary critics. The results of a comparative analysis of the essay “Nikolai Gogol” with reviews of French-speaking journalists who wrote about the author of “The Inspector General” and “Dead Souls” in Parisian magazines of the 1840s are presented in the article. The question is raised that the motives that prompted Merimee to turn to the work of Gogol, and the reasons for the bias in relation to his work are still unrevealed. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the essay by Mérimée is for the first time considered as a commentary on the stable aesthetic position of the French writer, discordant with the poetics of romanticism and realism. The author dwells on the study of a number of artistic devices of the works of Merimee in the 1820—1840s and his genre preferences in the 1850s.

Manufacturing Labor Discipline

Josiah Wedgwood, the Montgolfier family, and Samuel Bentham were leading producers during the early industrial era. A pottery manufacturer, a family of papermakers, and the Inspector-General of Britain's Naval Works, they all occupied the highest perch in their fields. This article considers the efforts by these eminent figures to control the exercise and reproduction of skill in their shops. It examines their attempts to build internal labor markets and blend carefully trained, home-grown hands with novel systems of work discipline and fresh technologies. In doing so, this article assesses the success and limits of the entrepreneurial trio's designs in the coming of mechanized production.