scholarly journals Structural Variations Induced by Temperature Changes in Rotavirus VP6 Protein Immersed in an Electric Field and Their Effects on Epitopes of The Region 300-396

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
C. Peña-Negrete ◽  
M.A. Fuentes-Acosta ◽  
J. Mulia ◽  
L.A. Mandujano-Rosas ◽  
D. Osorio-González
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Thermoelectric Effects ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Electrical Neutrality ◽  
Energy Laser ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
Rotavirus Vp6

Rotavirus diarrhea is an infectious intestinal disease that causes about 215 thousand deaths annually in infants under five years old. This virus is formed by three layers of concentric proteins that envelop its genome, from which VP6 structural protein is the most conserved among rotavirus serotypes and an excellent vaccine candidate. Recent studies have shown that structural proteins are susceptible to losing their biological function when their conformation is modified by moderate temperature increments, and in the case of VP6, its antigen efficiency decreases. We performed an in silicoanalysis to identify the structural variations in the epitopes 301-315, 357-366, and 376-384 of the rotavirus VP6 protein -in a hydrated medium- when the temperature is increased from 310 K to 322 K. In the latter state, we applied an electric field equivalent to a low energy laser pulse and calculated the fluctuations per amino acid residue. We identified that the region 301-315 has greater flexibility and density of negative electrical charge; nevertheless, at 322 K it experiences a sudden change of secondary structure that could decrease its efficiency as an antigenic determinant. The applied electric field induces electrical neutrality in the region 357-366, whereas in 376-384 inverts the charge, implying that temperature changes in the range 310 K-322 K are a factor that promotes thermoelectric effects in the VP6 protein epitopes in the region 300-396.

Effects of Applied Electric Fields on Interface Dynamics and Microstructure Formation During Directional Solidification of BiMn/Bi Eutectic

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Eutectic Growth ◽  
Macroscopic Model ◽  
Microstructure Formation ◽  
Applied Current ◽  
Thermoelectric Effects ◽  
Interface Dynamics

Abstract This paper is to demonstrate that the presence of an electric field can be used to control materials microstructure formation. Special efforts have been made to identify the foremost process control parameters that affect the interface dynamics, and thermoelectric effects on materials microstructure formation during directional solidification. A computational model that integrates microscopic analysis to macroscopic model has been developed and applied to directional solidification of BiMn/Bi eutectic in the presence of electric fields. Numerical results demonstrated that in addition to process parameters, microstructure formation strongly depends on intensity, polarity and duration of applied current, and it changes spontaneously as an electric field is applied. Predicted patterns of microstructures have qualitatively agreed with the experiments. The results indicate the feasibility of utilizing electric fields to control microstructure formation during eutectic growth.

Diffraction studies under in situ electric field using a large-area hybrid pixel XPAD detector

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 1151-1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Fertey ◽  
Paul Alle ◽  
Emmanuel Wenger ◽  
Bernard Dinkespiler ◽  
Olivier Cambon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Bragg Angle ◽  
Weak Electric Field ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Off Pump

A new experimental approach to perform in situ electric field diffraction on single crystals using an on-then-off pump–probe mode in situ (i.e. the field-switching method) with a synchrotron or a laboratory X-ray source is presented. Taking advantage of the fast readout of the XPAD hybrid pixel two-dimensional detector and its programmable functionalities, the operation mode of the detector has been customized to significantly increase the efficiency of the method. The very weak electric field-induced structural response of a piezoelectric crystal can be accurately measured. This allows the piezoelectric tensor to be precisely obtained from Δθ shifts while the structural variations can be modelled using a full set of ΔI/I data. The experimental method and methodology are detailed and tested as a case study on pure piezoelectric compounds belonging to the α-quartz family (SiO2 and GaAsO4 single crystals). Using the two scan modes developed, it is demonstrated that tiny Bragg angle shifts can be measured as well as small field-induced Bragg intensity variations (<1%). The relevance of measurements performed with an X-ray laboratory source is demonstrated: partial data sets collected at synchrotrons can be completed, but more interestingly, a large part of the study can now be realized in the laboratory (medium to strong intensity reflections) in a comparable data collection time.

Transient Heat and Mass Transfer to a Drop in an Electric Field

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Transfer Rate ◽  
Similarity Transformation ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Drop Surface ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Boundary Layer Equations ◽  
Surrounding Fluid

A circulating fluid motion is generated by an electric field imposed on a dielectric drop in another dielectric liquid. The motion of the drop surface may be from the poles to the equator or from the equator to the poles. Transient heat or mass transfer results in response to a sudden change in the temperature difference or concentration difference between the drop and the surrounding fluid. The low Reynolds number, high Peclet number response is analyzed. The boundary layer equations are solved exactly using a similarity transformation. Results are obtained for both directions of circulation. While local fluxes differ greatly when the flow reverses, and despite a lack of symmetry, the overall transfer rate is independent of the direction of flow. This result applies to the transient as well as the steady state.

scholarly journals Предпробойное состояние и его диагностика в многослойных структурах 0.55Pb-Mg-=SUB=-1/3-=/SUB=-Nb-=SUB=-2/3-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=--0.45PbSc-=SUB=-1/2-=/SUB=- Nb-=SUB=-1/2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Г.Ю. Сотникова ◽  
Г.А. Гаврилов ◽  
A.А. Капралов ◽  
Р.С. Пассет ◽  
Е.П. Смирнова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Multilayer Structures ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Upper Level

Detection of breakdown voltage and diagnostics of the pre-breakdown state of a material is a topical task of studying the characteristics of dielectric materials and structures on their base under applied external electric field. A new efficient method for diagnosing the pre-breakdown state of multilayer structures (MLC) based on the 0.55PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-0.45PbSc1/2Nb1/2O3 (PMN-PSN) ferroelectric relaxor is considered. The method is based on the analysis of the dynamics of the MLC surface temperature changes upon application of an external electric field. A set of MLC samples was tested under the action of an electric field E = 10 - 120 kV/cm at temperatures from room temperature to 80 ℃. The critical electric field value characterizing the pre-breakdown state and, consequently, limiting the upper level of operating voltages for electrocaloric applications, was determined for PMN-PSN multilayer structures.

Acoustic-Electric Properties of Graphene under the Influence of a Surface Acoustic Waves and an External DC Field

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (20) ◽  
pp. 1495-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeke Insepov ◽  
Kurbangali B. Tynyshtykbaev ◽  
Ardak Ainabayev ◽  
Anatoly F. Vyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Wave ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Electrical Neutrality ◽  
Field Bias ◽  
Acoustoelectric Current

ABSTRACTMeasurements of the induced acoustoelectric (IAEC) current in graphene subjected to a surface acoustic wave (SAW) discovered a quantisized character of acoustoelectric current at low bias voltage (Vbias) . The quantisized nature of IAEC has been obtained in all measurements as a result of interaction of SAW and an applied an external electric field. The acoustoelectric currents were studied near the point of electrical neutrality at room temperature. Raman spectra of graphene under the in-situ SAW influence and at an external electric field bias are presented.

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