Venostomy, an Improved "Cutdown" Procedure in Infants and Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1956 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 466-466
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Continuous Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Simple Apparatus ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
In Infants And Children

A new technique for the insertion of a polyethylene catheter into a vein for continuous intravenous infusion is described. Noteworthy amongst the advantages is that the patency of the vein is not destroyed. The technique does not involve ligation or division of the vein. Simple apparatus to facilitate the use of the technique is available from a commercial firm. Detailed description aided by diagrammatic illustration is provided.

scholarly journals Nephrosonography in Infants and Children: A New Technique

BMJ ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (5815) ◽  
pp. 689-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Lyons ◽  
J. E. E. Fleming ◽  
G. C. Arneil ◽  
A. V. Murphy ◽  
E. M. Sweet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infants And Children ◽  
New Technique ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
In Infants And Children

Voiding cystourethrography in infants and children: A new technique

1978 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Cranley ◽  
John F. O'Connor ◽  
Neil R. Feins
Keyword(s):  
Infants And Children ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Voiding Cystourethrography ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
In Infants And Children

Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Vocal Cord Function in Infants and Children

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Cord ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Blinded Manner ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
And Function ◽  
Laryngeal Anatomy ◽  
In Infants And Children

The determination of the cause of stridor in the infant and child is an important directive for the otolaryngologist. The limitations of current clinical diagnostic techniques have provided the impetus for pursuing newer, more practical techniques to diagnose vocal cord paralysis in children. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new technique to image the larynx and determine its role in discerning vocal cord paralysis in children. This study began with an animal study (lamb model) demonstrating that computerized ultrasound can accurately delineate laryngeal anatomy and function. The human protocol included 27 patients (age 1 day to 14 years): 15 with normal larynges and 12 with vocal cord paralysis. Recorded ultrasound studies of these subjects were compiled in a randomly ordered videotape and presented twice and viewed in a blinded manner by four expert raters. Statistical analysis of their readings revealed that ultrasound is a highly accurate technique to document vocal cord paralysis, with a high degree of interrater and intrarater reliability. Beyond the accuracy and consistency of computerized ultrasound, there are many other aspects of this technique that make it clinically attractive. Laryngeal ultrasound is noninvasive, painless, and widely accepted. It is relatively safe, with no radiation exposure and no need for sedation or anesthesia. It is well tolerated by patients and their families. The results are easily displayed and recorded and available for hard copy storage. This investigation should not be interpreted as an endorsement for laryngeal ultrasound as a replacement for endoscopy in children. This work does indicate, however, that ultrasound is a technique that can accurately address the special issue of vocal cord mobility in infants and children. At present, this is the primary use for laryngeal ultrasound, although with additional investigation and sophistication it is likely that ultrasound of the larynx may become useful for other purposes.

scholarly journals Clinical Pharmacology of Rocuronium in Infants and Children

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Gian Maria Pacifici
Keyword(s):  
Human Placenta ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
P Value ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Surgical Manipulations ◽  
In Infants And Children

The main clinical use of the neuromuscular blocking agents is an adjuvant in surgical anaesthesia to obtain relaxation of skeletal muscle, particularly of the abdominal wall, to facilitate surgical manipulations. Rocuronium can be used instead of suxamethonium to provide rapid muscle paralysis during tracheal intubation but the recovery is much slower. Rocuronium is administered intravenously to infants and children. In infants, rocuronium is administered at a dose of 450 µg/kg for providing muscle relaxation for laryngeal intubation. To provide sustained paralysis, rocuronium is given at a dose of 600 µg/kg. In children, the neuromuscular blockade is obtained with 600 µg/kg followed by an intravenous infusion of 150 µg/kg per hour. For assisted ventilation in intensive care, rocuronium is administered at a dose of 600 µg/kg followed by an intravenous infusion of 300 to 600 µg/kg per hour. The effects of rocuronium have been extensively studied in infants and children. Rocuronium is converted into 17-desacetyl rocuronium. The pharmacokinetics of rocuronium have been studied in infants and children and the mean residence time is 55.6 and 25.6 min (P-value < 0.01) in infant and children, respectively. Rocuronium interacts with drugs, the treatment of infants and children with rocuronium has been studied, and rocuronium poorly crosses the human placenta. The aim of this study is to review the published data on rocuronium dosing, pharmacokinetics, and treatment in infants and children, and rocuronium metabolism and transfer across the human placenta.

Understanding Limited Use of Amplification in Infants and Children Who Are Hard of Hearing

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan W. McCreery ◽  
Elizabeth A. Walker ◽  
Meredith Spratford
Keyword(s):  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Hearing Aid Use ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
In Infants And Children

The effectiveness of amplification for infants and children can be mediated by how much the child uses the device. Existing research suggests that establishing hearing aid use can be challenging. A wide range of factors can influence hearing aid use in children, including the child's age, degree of hearing loss, and socioeconomic status. Audiological interventions, including using validated prescriptive approaches and verification, performing on-going training and orientation, and communicating with caregivers about hearing aid use can also increase hearing aid use by infants and children. Case examples are used to highlight the factors that influence hearing aid use. Potential management strategies and future research needs are also discussed.

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