Black/White Differences in Very Low Birth Weight Neonatal Mortality Rates Among New York City Hospitals

The median family income of the zip code of maternal residence was used to estimate the presence and determine the extent of socioeconomic differentials in the neonatal mortality rates of a cohort of 401,399 white and of 66,577 black Californian singletons born from 1982 to 1983. The neonatal mortality rate in the white infants increased from 3.99 in mothers residing in zip codes with a median family income >$25,000 to 12.1 for mothers residing in zip codes with a median family income <$11,000. With decreasing socioeconomic status there was also a significant increase in the percentage of white infants weighing less than 2,500 g (percentage of low birth weight increased from 3.75 to 8.33) and weighing less than 1,500 g (percentage of very low birth weight increased from 0.56 to 1.46). When the source of the socioeconomic difference in white neonatal mortality was partitioned, 77.4% was due to deterioration in the birth weight distribution and 22.6% to deterioration in birth weight-specific mortality rates. For the black cohort, the neonatal mortality rate increased from 5.9 in the most, to 9.0 in the least affluent strata. Although decreasing residential median family income was associated with an increase in the percent low birth weight (8.19 v 12.86), the percentage of very low birth weight was not significantly different (1.59 v 2.10). When the source of the differential in black neonatal mortality was partitioned, only 29% was due to deterioration of the birth weight distribution, whereas 71% was secondary to less favorable birth weight-specific mortality rates. These findings support the usefulness of zip code median family income to estimate socioeconomic differentials in neonatal mortality and justify the importance of California's statewide program to decrease low birth weight.

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Sex-Specific Long-Term Trends in Length of Hospital Stay, Postmenstrual Age at Discharge, and Survival in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Neonatology ◽

10.1159/000515899 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Matthias Fröhlich ◽

Tatjana Tissen-Diabaté ◽

Christoph Bührer ◽

Stephanie Roll

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vlbw Infants ◽

Postmenstrual Age ◽

Over Time

Introduction: In very low birth weight (<1,500 g, VLBW) infants, morbidity and mortality have decreased substantially during the past decades, and both are known to be lower in girls than in boys. In this study, we assessed sex-specific changes over time in length of hospital stay (LOHS) and postmenstrual age at discharge (PAD), in addition to survival in VLBW infants. Methods: This is a single-center retrospective cohort analysis based on quality assurance data of VLBW infants born from 1978 to 2018. Estimation of sex-specific LOHS over time was based on infants discharged home from neonatal care or deceased. Estimation of sex-specific PAD over time was based on infants discharged home exclusively. Analysis of in-hospital survival was performed for all VLBW infants. Results: In 4,336 of 4,499 VLBW infants admitted from 1978 to 2018 with complete data (96.4%), survival rates improved between 1978–1982 and 1993–1997 (70.8 vs. 88.3%; hazard ratio (HR) 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.14, 0.30) and remained stable thereafter. Boys had consistently higher mortality rates than girls (15 vs. 12%, HR 1.23 [1.05, 1.45]). Nonsurviving boys died later compared to nonsurviving girls (adjusted mean survival time 23.0 [18.0, 27.9] vs. 20.7 [15.0, 26.3] days). LOHS and PAD assessed in 3,166 survivors displayed a continuous decrease over time (1978–1982 vs. 2013–2018: LOHS days 82.9 [79.3, 86.5] vs. 60.3 [58.4, 62.1] days); PAD 40.4 (39.9, 40.9) vs. 37.4 [37.1, 37.6] weeks). Girls had shorter LOHS than boys (69.4 [68.0, 70.8] vs. 73.0 [71.6, 74.4] days) and were discharged with lower PAD (38.6 [38.4, 38.8] vs. 39.2 [39.0, 39.4] weeks). Discussion/Conclusions: LOHS and PAD decreased over the last 40 years, while survival rates improved. Male sex was associated with longer LOHS, higher PAD, and higher mortality rates.

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Leminorella sepsis in very low birth weight neonate as cause of neonatal mortality

The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine ◽

10.1080/14767058.2016.1199678 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1057-1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Deepak Sharma ◽

Ankur Patel ◽

Priyanka Soni ◽

Sweta Shastri ◽

Ravinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Birth Weight Neonate

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Low and very low birth weight in puppies: definitions, risk factors and survival in a large-scale population

BMC Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s12917-020-02577-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amélie Mugnier ◽

Sylvie Chastant-Maillard ◽

Hanna Mila ◽

Faouzi Lyazrhi ◽

Florine Guiraud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Litter Size ◽

Large Scale ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Regression Tree ◽

Classification And Regression Tree ◽

Operating Characteristics

Abstract Background Neonatal mortality (over the first three weeks of life) is a major concern in canine breeding facilities as an economic and welfare issue. Since low birth weight (LBW) dramatically increases the risk of neonatal death, the risk factors of occurrence need to be identified together with the chances and determinants of survival of newborns at-risk. Results Data from 4971 puppies from 10 breeds were analysed. Two birth weight thresholds regarding the risk of neonatal mortality were identified by breed, using respectively Receiver Operating Characteristics and Classification and Regression Tree method. Puppies were qualified as LBW and very low birth weight (VLBW) when their birth weight value was respectively between the two thresholds and lower than the two thresholds. Mortality rates were 4.2, 8.8 and 55.3%, in the normal, LBW and VLBW groups, accounting for 48.7, 47.9 and 3.4% of the included puppies, respectively. A separate binary logistic regression approach allowed to identify breed, gender and litter size as determinants of LBW. The increase in litter size and being a female were associated with a higher risk for LBW. Survival for LBW puppies was reduced in litters with at least one stillborn, compared to litters with no stillborn, and was also reduced when the dam was more than 6 years old. Concerning VLBW puppies, occurrence and survival were influenced by litter size. Surprisingly, the decrease in litter size was a risk factor for VLBW and also reduced their survival. The results of this study suggest that VLBW and LBW puppies are two distinct populations. Moreover, it indicates that events and factors affecting intrauterine growth (leading to birth weight reduction) also affect their ability to adapt to extrauterine life. Conclusion These findings could help veterinarians and breeders to improve the management of their facility and more specifically of LBW puppies. Possible recommendations would be to only select for reproduction dams of optimal age and to pay particular attention to LBW puppies born in small litters. Further studies are required to understand the origin of LBW in dogs.

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The Association Between Prenatal Care and Birth Weight Among Women Exposed to Cocaine in New York City

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.1993.03510130087036 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 270 (13) ◽

pp. 1581 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Andrew Racine

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Prenatal Care ◽

York City

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Area-level socioeconomic deprivation, nitrogen dioxide exposure, and term birth weight in New York City

Environmental Research ◽

10.1016/j.envres.2015.08.019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 142 ◽

pp. 624-632 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Jessie L.C. Shmool ◽

Jennifer F. Bobb ◽

Kazuhiko Ito ◽

Beth Elston ◽

David A. Savitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Nitrogen Dioxide ◽

York City ◽

Socioeconomic Deprivation ◽

Term Birth

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Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Among New York City Adults Ages 20–54 years during 1976–2015

JNCI Cancer Spectrum ◽

10.1093/jncics/pky048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Kellie C Van Beck ◽

John Jasek ◽

Kristi Roods ◽

Jennifer J Brown ◽

Shannon M Farley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

New York ◽

New York City ◽

York City ◽

New York State ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Registry Data ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are rising in younger Americans and mortality rates are increasing among younger white Americans. We used New York State Cancer Registry data to examine New York City CRC incidence and mortality trends among adults ages 20–54 years by race from 1976 to 2015. Annual percent change (APC) was considered statistically significant at P less than .05 using a two-sided test. CRC incidence increased among those ages 20–49 years, yet blacks had the largest APC of 2.2% (1993–2015; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4% to 3.1%) compared with 0.5% in whites (1976–2015; 95% CI = 0.2% to 0.7%). Among those aged 50–54 years, incidence increased among blacks by 0.8% annually (1976–2015; 95% CI = 0.4% to 1.1%), but not among whites. CRC mortality decreased among both age and race groups. These findings emphasize the value of local registry data to understand trends locally, the importance of timely screening, and the need for clinicians to consider CRC among all patients with compatible signs and symptoms.

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