CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN LEVELS AS AN INDEX OF HEMOLYSIS

Carbon monoxide (CO) and bilirubin are formed in equimolar amounts during the catabolism of heme. In demonstrating increased endogenous CO formation from accelerated hemolysis it is important to separate out the effect of variable exogenous CO exposure. The carboxyhemoglobin level in 229 normal children ranged from 0.6 to 3.9% saturation, with a mean of 1.30% (S.D. = 0.47%). Forty children with hemolytic diseases had from 0.8 to 4.0% of their circulating hemoglobin saturated with CO with a mean of 1.95% (S.D. = 0.88%). The sixfold range observed in normal children is largely due to variable ambient CO exposure, since 574 comparisons between nonsmoking adults who were breathing the same gas mixture for over 18 hours, always gave carboxyhemoglobin values which differed by less than 0.35% saturation. By comparing the blood CO content of a suspect hemolytic patient with a normal sibling or another control individual who has been exposed to the same exogenous CO level for several hours, it is possible to obtain a qualitative index of increased endogenous CO formation. Thirty-seven children with known hemolytic disease always had carboxyhemoglobin levels which were higher than their matched environmental controls.

Download Full-text

In situ FT-IR and catalytic studies of the selective reduction of nitric oxide by carbon monoxide over Au/NaY catalysts: Effect of adding hydrogen to the reaction gas mixture

Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis - Progress in Zeolite and Microporous Materials, Preceedings of the 11th International Zeolite Conference ◽

10.1016/s0167-2991(97)80801-4 ◽

1997 ◽

pp. 1571-1578 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tarek M. Salama ◽

Ryuichiro Ohnishi ◽

Masaru Ichikawa

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Selective Reduction ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

Ft Ir

Download Full-text

Effect of blood in the gut on measurements of endogenous carbon monoxide production

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v45.1.67.67 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 67-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

RP Brouillard ◽

ME Conrad ◽

TA Bensinger

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Porphyrin Ring ◽

Hemolytic Disease ◽

Normal Volunteers ◽

Endogenous Production ◽

Mucosal Cells ◽

Intestinal Mucosal Cells

Abstract Changes induced in measurements of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) production by blood in the lumen of the gut were studied in five normal volunteers. The study was undertaken because exogenous heme is absorbed by intestinal mucosal cells where the porphyrin ring is split with the release of CO that could contribute to blood CO levels and lead to a fallacious diagnosis of hemolytic disease. Volunteers who consumed 200 ml of their own blood doubled their endogenous production of CO (0.69 versus 0.34 mumoles/kg/hr). This suggested that at least 3% of the ingested heme was degraded and recovered as CO within 2 1/2 hr. Measurements of serum bilirubin also showed a significant increase after ingestion of blood. These data indicate that blood in the gastrointestinal tract can interfere with quantification of heme and bilirubin turnover from measurements of either endogenous CO production or bilirubin and suggest that this might occur with the ingestion of meat.

Download Full-text

Competitive inhibition of carbon monoxide transport: evidence against a carrier

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1981.50.5.1061 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 1061-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

D. Z. Rubin ◽

D. Fujino ◽

C. Mittman ◽

S. M. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Competitive Inhibition ◽

Normal Adult ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

Diffusing Capacity ◽

Constant Amount ◽

Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity ◽

Co Concentration ◽

Carrier Molecule ◽

Co Concentrations

The existence of a saturable carbon monoxide (CO) carrier in the lung remains controversial. The carrier hypothesis was invoked to explain data that indicated that pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO (DLCO) decreases with increasing CO concentration. To test this hypothesis, we measured DLCO in 14 normal adult subjects at three alveolar CO concentrations (60, 660, and 2,060 ppm). Each mixture contained a constant amount of labeled C18O (60 ppm) and a balance of unlabeled C16O. If a saturable carrier exists at increasing CO concentrations, the unlabeled CO would compete for most of the sites on the carrier molecule, effectively inhibiting the uptake of the labeled C18O. C18O diffusing capacities (mean +/- SD) for the three levels of CO were 34.9 +/- 5.6, 33.0 +/- 6.0, and 34.7 +/- 7.8. There were no significant differences (P greater than 0.2) among the three levels. In another group of subjects we repeated the study using a gas mixture containing 130 ppm C18O. No significant differences were found. As a result, we find no evidence to support a CO carrier hypothesis.

Download Full-text

ChemInform Abstract: CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF IRON-BASE ALLOYS IN THE HIGH-TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN-BASE GAS MIXTURE 80% HYDROGEN + 15% CARBON MONOXIDE + 5% CARBON DIOXIDE

Chemischer Informationsdienst ◽

10.1002/chin.198119026 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 (19) ◽

Author(s):

T. SHIKAMA ◽

T. TANABE ◽

Y. SAKAI ◽

M. FUJITSUKA ◽

H. YOSHIDA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

High Temperature ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

Iron Base ◽

Base Gas

Download Full-text

Is alveolar carbon monoxide an unreliable index of carboxyhaemoglobin changes during smoking in man?

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0740029 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 29-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Andrew R. Guyatt ◽

Andrew J. T. Kirkham ◽

Derek C. Mariner ◽

Gordon Cumming

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Breath Holding ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

Transient Change ◽

Holding Period ◽

Before And After ◽

The Subject ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Co Gas

1. We measured alveolar carbon monoxide (CO) after a 20 s breath-holding period and carboxyhaemoglobin both before and after smoking a cigarette on 500 occasions (101 individuals). The two measurements were closely correlated but there was a marked difference in the change or ‘boost’ after smoking one cigarette. The mean relative boosts ([post value—pre value]/[pre + post]/2) for alveolar CO and carboxyhaemoglobin were 7.7% and 20.3%, while negative boosts (fall rather than the expected rise) were seen in 103 of 500 and three of 500 occasions respectively. In 140 studies a third alveolar CO reading taken 5 min later was slightly larger, but the difference was insignificant. 2. In seven subjects where the carboxyhaemoglobin level was raised by breathing a 2% CO gas mixture, the alveolar CO and carboxyhaemglobin boosts were similar (71.7% and 75.2% respectively), and they fell sharply subsequently rather than increasing further as occurred after smoking. 3. We conclude that alveolar CO measurements give a useful estimate of carboxyhaemoglobin level if the subject has not smoked for at least half an hour but that measurements of alveolar CO boost are useless since the act of smoking interferes with alveolar sampling. We postulate that cigarette smoking induces a transient change in pulmonary gas exchange.

Download Full-text

Explosion waves and shock waves III-The initiation of detonation in mixtures of ethylene and oxygen and of carbon monoxide and oxygen

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.1935.0199 ◽

1935 ◽

Vol 152 (876) ◽

pp. 418-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

William Payman ◽

H. Titman ◽

Jocelyn Field Thorpe

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Shock Waves ◽

Detonation Wave ◽

Wave Speed ◽

Gas Mixtures ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

And Shock Waves ◽

Long Run ◽

Detonating Gas

This series of papers has so far dealt mainly with non-maintained or partially maintained atmospheric shock waves, and only incidentally with the fully maintained "detonation" wave. It is generally accepted that the detonation wave in an explosive gas mixture is a shock wave produced by the rapid combustion of the mixture, sufficiently intense to cause almost instantaneous ignition of the gas through which it passes, and continuous maintained by the combustion thereby started. An account of some preliminary experiments, using the "wave-speed" camera to record the movement of the flame and of the invisible shock waves in front of the flame in gas mixtures prior to detonation, has already been given by one of us. Those experiments related mainly to hydrogen-oxygen and methane-oxygen mixtures whose aptitude to detonate may be regarded as moderate, for the continuation of the work, mixtures with oxygen have again been used, but a more readily detonating gas, ethylene, was chosen. Experiments were also made with carbon monoxide, because the flame usually requires a comparatively long run before detonation is established. These two gases have the advantage, not shared by hydrogen and methane, that their predetonation flames are sufficiently actinic for good records to be obtained by direct photography for comparison with corresponding "wave-speed" records. All gas mixtures used were saturated with water vapour.

Download Full-text

Formation and quenching of CO and CO ion in excited states by high energy electron irradiation of heliumcarbon monoxide gas mixture

International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation Part A Applied Radiation and Isotopes ◽

10.1016/0883-2889(91)90201-b ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 42 (12) ◽

pp. 1223-1229 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Koji Matsuda ◽

Iwao Fujita ◽

Toshiyuki Kijima ◽

Yoshiyuki Satou ◽

Motoyoshi Hatada

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Excited States ◽

Electron Irradiation ◽

High Energy ◽

Energy Electron ◽

Gas Mixture ◽

High Energy Electron

Download Full-text

Effect of blood in the gut on measurements of endogenous carbon monoxide production

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v45.1.67.bloodjournal45167 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 67-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RP Brouillard ◽

ME Conrad ◽

TA Bensinger

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Serum Bilirubin ◽

Porphyrin Ring ◽

Hemolytic Disease ◽

Normal Volunteers ◽

Endogenous Production ◽

Mucosal Cells ◽

Intestinal Mucosal Cells

Changes induced in measurements of endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) production by blood in the lumen of the gut were studied in five normal volunteers. The study was undertaken because exogenous heme is absorbed by intestinal mucosal cells where the porphyrin ring is split with the release of CO that could contribute to blood CO levels and lead to a fallacious diagnosis of hemolytic disease. Volunteers who consumed 200 ml of their own blood doubled their endogenous production of CO (0.69 versus 0.34 mumoles/kg/hr). This suggested that at least 3% of the ingested heme was degraded and recovered as CO within 2 1/2 hr. Measurements of serum bilirubin also showed a significant increase after ingestion of blood. These data indicate that blood in the gastrointestinal tract can interfere with quantification of heme and bilirubin turnover from measurements of either endogenous CO production or bilirubin and suggest that this might occur with the ingestion of meat.

Download Full-text