A SPEECH SCREENING PROCEDURE WITH THREE-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
Miriam F. Fiedler ◽  
Eric H. Lenneberg ◽  
Ursula T. Rolfe ◽  
James E. Drorbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Screening Procedure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Failure Group ◽  
Screening Examination ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
First Year Of Life

A screening examination for use by nonprofessional interviewers in the home situation for evaluation of speech and language development of 3-year-old children was developed. The perinatal histories and developmental data for the first year of life were examined for 46 children who failed this screening examination and for 92 control subjects, matches for age, sex, and time of examination, who passed the screening examination. Significant differences were found between the groups in incidence of complications of pregnancy and labor, prematurity and in various aspects of development during the first year of life. Follow-up psychological examinations at 4 years of age and psychological and neurological examinations at 7 years of age found marked differences between the groups still present, with the speech failure group presenting a significantly higher incidence of a Variety of psychological and neurological deviations from the normal.

scholarly journals Role of Adenoidectomy Alone in Otitis Media with Effusion - Our Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Sudhangshu Shekhar Biswas ◽  
Zaheer Al Amin ◽  
Shawhely Mahbub ◽  
Soma Halder
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Impaired Hearing ◽  
Type B ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Speech And Language Development

Objective: Otitis Media with effusion (OME) is a vital and common problem in school going children. It is the prime cause of impaired hearing and social trouble in children which has long term impact on speech and language development. Enlarged Adenoid is a very common causative factor in the development of OME. The aim of this study is to observe the ground of the disease in favour of correction of effusion after adenoidectomy. Methods: This is a prospective descriptive study had been carried out in BIRDEM General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2015. A total 40 patients aged 3 to 12 years old who had adenoid hypertrophy and OME, confirmed with pre operative X-ray nasopharynx lateral view, PTA and tympanometry were included in this study. All patients underwent adenoidectomy under General anaesthesia. Follow up was done with PTA and tympanometry at 3rd months after operation. Result: Among 80 ears of 40 patients, pre operative tympanometry showed type B curve in 43.2% of ears. Post operative audiometric assessment showed mean hearing gain at 3rd month being 5.32 dB. At 3rd month follow up, 20 ears had type A curve, only 6 ears had type B curve and 53 ears had type C curve. Conclusion: So, adenoidectomy is an effective operation in correcting middle ear effusion and resulting hearing improvement as well as speech and language development in children with enlarged adenoid and OME. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2017; 23(1): 67-73

Speech and Language Development after Infant Tracheostomy

1990 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy P. Hill ◽  
Lynn T. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Disability ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Functioning ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Language Outcome ◽  
Speech And Language Development

This study describes the speech/language development of 31 children who had been fitted with an endotracheal tube. Intubation in all cases occurred prior to 13 months of age and remained in situ for more than 3 months. These children were chosen from a pool of 130 potential subjects. Individuals diagnosed as having a primary neurological disorder, developmental delays, or mental retardation were excluded from the study. Demographic, birth, and medical factors that might also affect language outcome were documented. Standardized outcome measures were used to assess speech, language, and cognitive development of the children seen for testing. For the entire group of children, the overall measures of language functioning at follow-up were within normal limits and commensurate with cognitive ability. However, when a breakdown of results based on the children's ages was done, a clear pattern of language disability was noted in the expressive language of the oldest group of children tested. These findings raise questions about this group of children who were previously thought to develop speech and language skills normally.

Muenke syndrome: long-term outcome of a syndrome-specific treatment protocol

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca K. den Ottelander ◽  
Robbin de Goederen ◽  
Marie-Lise C. van Veelen ◽  
Stephanie D. C. van de Beeten ◽  
Maarten H. Lequin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
First Year ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Skull Growth ◽  
Muenke Syndrome ◽  
First Year Of Life

OBJECTIVEThe authors evaluated the long-term outcome of their treatment protocol for Muenke syndrome, which includes a single craniofacial procedure.METHODSThis was a prospective observational cohort study of Muenke syndrome patients who underwent surgery for craniosynostosis within the first year of life. Symptoms and determinants of intracranial hypertension were evaluated by longitudinal monitoring of the presence of papilledema (fundoscopy), obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; with polysomnography), cerebellar tonsillar herniation (MRI studies), ventricular size (MRI and CT studies), and skull growth (occipital frontal head circumference [OFC]). Other evaluated factors included hearing, speech, and ophthalmological outcomes.RESULTSThe study included 38 patients; 36 patients underwent fronto-supraorbital advancement. The median age at last follow-up was 13.2 years (range 1.3–24.4 years). Three patients had papilledema, which was related to ophthalmological disorders in 2 patients. Three patients had mild OSA. Three patients had a Chiari I malformation, and tonsillar descent < 5 mm was present in 6 patients. Tonsillar position was unrelated to papilledema, ventricular size, or restricted skull growth. Ten patients had ventriculomegaly, and the OFC growth curve deflected in 3 patients. Twenty-two patients had hearing loss. Refraction anomalies were diagnosed in 14/15 patients measured at ≥ 8 years of age.CONCLUSIONSPatients with Muenke syndrome treated with a single fronto-supraorbital advancement in their first year of life rarely develop signs of intracranial hypertension, in accordance with the very low prevalence of its causative factors (OSA, hydrocephalus, and restricted skull growth). This illustrates that there is no need for a routine second craniofacial procedure. Patient follow-up should focus on visual assessment and speech and hearing outcomes.

scholarly journals Rearrangements of the Williams–Beuren syndrome locus: molecular basis and implications for speech and language development

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy R. Osborne ◽  
Carolyn B. Mervis
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Genomic Rearrangements ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Human Speech ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Low Copy Repeats ◽  
Speech And Language Development

AbstractThe Williams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) locus on human chromosome 7q11.23 is flanked by complex chromosome-specific low-copy repeats that mediate recurrent genomic rearrangements of the region. Common genomic rearrangements arise through unequal meiotic recombination and result in complex but distinct behavioural and cognitive phenotypes. Deletion of 7q11.23 results in WBS, which is characterised by mild to moderate intellectual disability or learning difficulties, with relative cognitive strengths in verbal short-term memory and in language and extreme weakness in visuospatial construction, as well as anxiety, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and overfriendliness. By contrast, duplication results in severely delayed speech and expressive language, with relative strength in visuospatial construction. Although deletion and duplication of the WBS region have very different effects, both cause forms of language impairment and suggest that dosage-sensitive genes within the region are important for the proper development of human speech and language. The spectrum and frequency of genomic rearrangements at 7q11.23 presents an exceptional opportunity to identify gene(s) directly involved in human speech and language development.

Abnormal Shoulder Girdle Muscle Tone in Premature Infants During Their First 18 Months of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
Michael K. Georgieff ◽  
Judy C. Bernbaum
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Girdle Muscle ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscle

To document the incidence of and neonatal factors associated with abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone in premature infants at follow-up, we studied 125 consecutively admitted infants weighing &lt; 1,750 g treated in The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia intensive care nursery and subsequently seen in the Neonatal Follow-up Program up to 18 months of age. Fifty-seven infants (46%) displayed abnormal shoulder girdle muscle tone which presented clinically as scapular retractions. These infants had significantly lower birth weights (P &lt; .001) and gestational age (P &lt; .001) as well as a higher incidence of acute and chronic pulmonary disease (P &lt; 0.01) and CNS insults (P &lt; .05) when compared with infants without scapular retractions. The 57 infants with scapular retractions were further divided into two groups: 42 infants (74%) in whom scapular retractions were associated with generalized mild hypertonicity and 15 infants (26%) in whom scapular retractions compensated for trunk and neck hypotonicity. The infants with scapular retractions and hypotonicity had a significantly higher incidence of neonatal neurologic morbidity including seizures, major resuscitations, and birth asphyxia (P &lt; .01) when compared with the infants with scapular retractions and hypertonicity. Shoulder girdle tone abnormalities in the first year of life inhibit crawling, sitting, and object manipulation and, therefore, may manifest as delays in motor development. Identification of infants with significant neonatal risk factors for tone abnormalities is important to allow for earlier therapeutic intervention.

Assessment of Speech and Language Development in the Young Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-354
Author(s):  
Martin Bax ◽  
Hilary Hart ◽  
Sue Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Child ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
Speech Therapist ◽  
Speech And Language Development ◽  
Normal Speech

A clinical method of assessing speech and language development in preschool children is described. Sixty-two 3-year-old children were assessed by a pediatrician, a speech therapist, and a psychologist. In 55 children there was agreement between all three examiners. Three children with articulation problems were rated as having normal comprehensive and expressive language by the psychologist. Three children were rated as having normal speech and language development by the pediatrician and speech therapist but delayed by the psychologist; all three had behavior problems. One further child rated as having a speech and language problem by the pediatrician was rated as normal by the speech therapist and psychologist. It is concluded that pediatricians can make reliable assessments of speech and language development.

scholarly journals Safety of potential breast milk exposure to IFN-β or glatiramer acetate

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e757
Author(s):  
Andrea Ines Ciplea ◽  
Annette Langer-Gould ◽  
Anna Stahl ◽  
Sandra Thiel ◽  
Annette Queisser-Wahrendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
Infant Outcomes ◽  
First Year Of Life

ObjectiveTo determine whether potential breast milk exposure to interferon-beta (IFN-β) or glatiramer acetate (GA) is safe for the infant.MethodsWe identified 74 infants born to 69 women with MS who breastfed under IFN-β (n = 39), GA (n = 34), or both (n = 1). Women had been enrolled into the German Multiple Sclerosis and Pregnancy Registry during pregnancy. Data were obtained from standardized, telephone-administered questionnaires completed by the mother during pregnancy and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum and the infant's take-home medical record.ResultsThe median duration of exposed breastfeeding was 8.5 months (wide interquartile range: 4.9–12.7 months). Physical growth curves during the first year of life were consistent with national, sex-specific growth curves. Median body measurements were consistent with national medians. Most children (n = 71, 96%) had normal motor and language development. Gross motor delay was reported in 3 children, of whom 1 remained delayed at last follow-up (3.9 years old) and 2 were normal by 0.9 and 4.1 years old. The proportion of children hospitalized at least once (girls n = 2, 7%, and boys n = 6, 14%) and the proportion of children with at least one episode of systemic antibiotic use during the first year of life (girls n = 7, 23%, and boys n = 8, 18%) are consistent with national averages.ConclusionPotential breast milk exposure to IFN-β or GA did not increase the risk of common adverse infant outcomes in the first year of life. Taken together with the benefits of breastfeeding and low biological plausibility of risk, women with MS who wish to resume IFN-β or GA postpartum can be encouraged to breastfeed.

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