ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
VICTOR C. VAUGHAN ◽  
FRED H. ALLEN ◽  
LOUIS K. DIAMOND
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Familial Occurrence ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
Relationship Of

The clinical syndrome of kernicterus in erythroblastosis fetalis is reviewed. Data are presented which indicate that there is a tendency for the familial occurrence of kernicterus in siblings. Kernicterus is shown to be directly related to the intensity of maternal sensitization, and to the degree of immaturity of the infant. It is more common in male infants than in female. Evidence is presented that the occurrence of kernicterus in a baby with erythroblastosis fetalis cannot be accurately predicted on the basis of degree of clinical illness at birth, nor on the basis of laboratory examination of the baby's blood at birth. The possible relationship of kernicterus to hyperbilirubinemia and to other predisposing factors in erythroblastosis fetalis is discussed.

Odor Identification Impairments in Schizophrenia: Relationship With Demographic Measures, Clinical Variables, and Diagnostic Subtypes

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliza Coleman ◽  
Raymond R. Goetz ◽  
David Leitman ◽  
Scott Yale ◽  
Ariel Stanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Process ◽  
Odor Identification ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalizations ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Smell Identification

ABSTRACTSmell identification deficits are consistently found in schizophrenia (SZ), but little is known about the nature and characterization of this deficit or its relationship to the phenomenology of the illness. This study aims to further delineate smell identification errors in SZ by examining the relationship of patient demographic differences with smell-identification performance. Our results showed that a patient's gender and education were related to odor-identification scores, with better performance seen in female patients and in those with greater educational attainment. However, there was no effect related to age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status on odor identification. A smell identification deficit was also unrelated to clinical characteristics of the patients, including age at first hospitalization, number of psychiatric hospitalizations, and duration of illness. Odor identification also did not differ by SZ subtype, nor between SZ and schizoaffective disorder patients. These findings emphasize that odor identification deficits in SZ are unrelated to clinical illness features, cannot be explained by other confounds related to olfaction in the general population, and may be core features related to the SZ disease process.

Serial thallium-201 imaging at rest in patients with unstable and stable angina pectoris: Relationship of myocardial perfusion at rest to presenting clinical syndrome

1983 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Brown ◽  
Robert D. Okada ◽  
Charles A. Boucher ◽  
Harry R. Phillips ◽  
H.William Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Stable Angina ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Thallium 201 ◽  
Stable Angina Pectoris ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Delirium – a common condition associated with negative outcome in the elderly

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibeke Juliebø ◽  
Maria Krogseth ◽  
Bjørn Erik Neerland ◽  
Leiv Otto Watne ◽  
Torgeir Bruun Wyller
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Acute Confusional State ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Significant Efficacy ◽  
The Cochrane Library

<p>Delirium (“acute confusional state”), characterized by an acute decline in attention and cognition, is a common clinical syndrome in elderly patients. The prevalence of delirium increases with age, and is highest among hospitalized older patients. A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library limited to the period 2000-2012 was conducted.</p><p>The antecedent of delirium is often multifactorial, the development involving a complex interrelationship between a vulnerable patient with predisposing factors and exposure to precipitating events. Important predisposing factors include high age, cognitive impairment, comorbidity, sensory impairment, and low Body Mass Index (BMI). Infections, cardiovascular events, trauma/fracture, surgery, stroke, metabolic abnormalities, and dehydration, are all recognized as precipitating factors.</p><p>Delirium is associated with negative outcomes like cognitive decline, increased morbidity and mortality, and should be prevented. Prevention and treatment of delirium is multifactorial and multidisiplinary, focusing on the treatment of factors precipitating and maintaining the delirium. No pharmacological treatment has so far demonstrated significant efficacy. The knowledge of risk factors and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved remains scarce, and further research is warranted to explore the mechanisms and thereby develop targeted prevention and treatment strategies.</p>

scholarly journals Genome characteristic of Bordetella parapertussis isolated from Iran

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Safarchi ◽  
Samaneh Saedi ◽  
Chin Yen Tay ◽  
Binit Lamichhan ◽  
Masoumeh Nakhost Lotfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whooping Cough ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Bordetella Parapertussis ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Relationship Of

Pertussis also known as whooping cough is a respiratory infection in humans particularly in infants and usually caused by Bordetella pertussis. However, Bordetella parapertussis can also cause a similar clinical syndrome. During 2012 to 2015, from nasal swabs sent from different provinces to the pertussis reference laboratory of Pasture Institute of Iran for pertussis confirmation, seven B. parapertussis isolates were identified by bacterial culture, biochemical tests, and the presence of IS1001 insertion in the genome by real-time PCR. Furthermore, the expression of pertactin (Prn) as one the major virulence factor for bacterial adhesion was investigated using western blot. Moreover, the genomic characteristic of one recently collected isolate, IRBP134, from a seven-month infant was investigated using Illumina NextSeq sequencing protocol. The results revealed the genome with G+C content 65% and genome size 4.7 Mbp. A total of 81 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 13 short insertion and deletions were found in the genome compared to the B. parapertussis 12822 as a reference genome showing ongoing evolutionary changes in our isolate. A phylogeny relationship of IRBP134 was also investigated using global B. parapertussis available genomes.

On the Relationship of Psychiatric Diagnosis to Behavioural Assessment

1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Jackson ◽  
David Tierney
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Diagnosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Behavioural Assessment ◽  
First Rank Symptoms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

In this article we address the relationship between behavioural assessment and psychiatric diagnosis. We argue that a diagnostic formulation should be made prior to behavioural assessment but consider diagnosis as complementary to traditional behavioural assessment. Implicit in our proposal, is the notion that behavioural practitioners should be thoroughly conversant with the various forms of psychopathology, and be able to identify the signs and symptoms that cluster together to constitute a clinical syndrome or disorder. The same practitioners should be able to differentiate the signs and symptoms of one syndrome or disorder from another. It is further proposed that behavioural practitioners need to be aware of the limitations and boundaries of their particular approaches and concede the value of other treatment approaches (especially chemotherapy) derived from different theoretical perspectives (Hersen 1979, 1981; Kazdin and Hersen, 1980). Such approaches may assume priority in the treatment of certain disorders, e.g., the first-rank symptoms of schizophrenia.The term diagnosis means “to know through” and is simply a hypothesis about the nature of a problem (Rush, 1982). Ideally, a diagnosis should simplify complex data; provide information about the likely outcome of a particular psychiatric disorder with and without treatment; allow improved prognostic judgements; assist in the selection of appropriate treatments; allow communication between professionals; and lead to improved clinical strategies (Kendell, 1974; Rush, 1982).

scholarly journals Biochemical characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae in relationship to source of isolation and antibiotic resistance

1978 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 519-523
Author(s):  
W L Albritton ◽  
S Penner ◽  
L Slaney ◽  
J Brunton
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Based on a limited number of biochemical properties, a system for biotyping Haemophilus influenzae (M. Kilian, Acta Pathol. Microbiol, Scand. Sect. B82:835-842, 1976) was used to analyze the relationship of biotype to source of infection and antibiotic resistance for 600 clinical strains. The distribution of biotypes from bacteremic patients was significantly different (P less than 0.001) from the distribution of biotypes from nonbacteremic patients. Although there appeared to be a correlation between biotype and source of isolation, no single biotype correlated with a specific clinical syndrome in bacteremic patients. The frequency of resistance to antibiotics (ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and kanamycin), which was known to be at least in part plasmid mediated, was determined. Of the 600 isolates, 43 were resistant to at least one antibiotic (30 were ampicillin resistant, 11 were tetracycline resistant, 1 was ampicillin-tetracycline resistant, and 1 was tetracycline-chloramphenicol resistant). Of these 43 resistant isolates, 42 were either biotype I or II. This distribution of biotypes among antibiotic-resustant isolates was significantly different from the overall distribution of biotypes (P is less than 0.001).

scholarly journals Changing Pattern of Clinical Illness in Children with Group A Streptococcal Bacteremia

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim J Burrows ◽  
Scott A Halperin ◽  
Margaret Swift ◽  
Robert Bortolussi
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Deep Tissue ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Clinical Illness ◽  
Seriously Ill

Objective: To test the hypothesis that bacteremia caused by group A streptococci (gas) has become more common and the presentation of the infection more severe in the Izaak Walton Killam Hospital for Children during the past decade.Design: Retrospective analysis by laboratory log and chart review.Setting: A pediatric teaching hospital providing primary and tertiary care.Results: There was no difference in the frequency of detection ofgasbacteremia between the two periods studied (1980 to 1988 and 1988 to 1991). However, severegasinfection with deep tissue invasion was more common in the last three-year period (77% versus 11%, P=0.01). Severity, as measured by length of hospital stay, was also greater in the recent group (17.9 days versus 3.3 days, P=0.03). A recent group of four children was identified with a unique clinical syndrome of rash, severe myalgias, hyperesthesia, and refusal to bear weight.Conclusion: The number of cases of severegasdisease has increased in the past several years, andgasinfection should be included in the differential diagnosis of seriously ill children,gasinfection must be managed aggressively with vigilance for additional deep tissue involvement, even while on appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM ON THE CALCIFICATION OF HEART VALVES IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE VD STAGE

2017 ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lesovoy ◽  
N. Andonieva ◽  
T. Valkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Aortic Calcification ◽  
Laboratory Examination ◽  
Dialysis Therapy ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pth Level

The aim of this work was to study the relationship of elevated levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) with cardiovascular changes (calcification of the heart valves) and to identify possible risk factors of calcification in the group of patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Materials and methods. The study included 96 patients with ESRD: 1-st group receives the treatment of peritoneal dialysis (PD) (45 patients), 2-nd group haemodialysis (HD) (51 patients). In serum determined concentration of calcium, phosphorus, PTH. All patients underwent echocardiographic examination. Results. The prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in PD-patients reached 72%, in HD-patients 83%. Calcification of heart valves in both groups occurred in patients with high PTH level (greater than 400 PG/ml). Patients in both groups were significantly more frequent in the combined mitrale-aortic calcification. Isolated mitral calcification was detected more often aortic. Predictors of progression of calcification of heart valves in patients on PD is the age, in patients on HD - level average BP and the duration of dialysis therapy. Conclusions. Echocardiological data and clinical and laboratory examination of patients with ESRD allowed us to estimate the prevalence and structure of mitrale-aortic calcification and its relationship with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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