Evaluation of Programs Designed To Increase the Protection of Infants in Cars

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Keith S. Reisinger ◽  
Allan F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Air Bags ◽  
Crash Protection ◽  
Voluntary Cooperation

Three in-hospital educational programs for postpartum women, designed to increase the crash protection of infants in cars, were evaluated in comparison to a group that received no education. The programs consisted of (1) literature, plus making infant carriers readily accessible and convenient to purchase; (2) literature, plus a personal discussion, plus making infant carriers readily accessible and convenient to purchase; and (3) literature, plus the offer of a free infant carrier. The programs increased the extent to which infant carriers were used to transport babies in cars, but had little or no effect on the key outcome measure: use of infant carriers fastened by the car seat belt so that crash protection is provided. Rates of such use were low in all groups. It is concluded that ways of providing increased crash protection to infant and child travelers in addition to use of restraint systems requiring the active, voluntary cooperation of parents must be encouraged. "Passive" (automatic) protection techniques, such as air bags and vehicle interior modifications, have great potential in this regard.

Effect of Pediatricians' Counseling on Infant Restraint Use

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith S. Reisinger ◽  
Allan F. Williams ◽  
JoAnn K. Wells ◽  
C. Eric John ◽  
Thom R. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparison Group ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Well Child Care ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Air Bags ◽  
Crash Protection ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Experimental Group

The effect of pediatricians' counseling to parents on infant restraint use was studied. The study population consisted of 269 women who gave birth to infants consecutively in Pittsburgh hospitals and requested that their infants be cared for by three pediatricians in a group practice. An experimental group received education regarding crash protection of infants traveling in cars during their postpartum stay and at their infants' 1 and 2 months of age well-child visits. Educational inputs included: discussions by the pediatricians on how to protect infants in cars, a pamphlet on car safety, a formal prescription for a restraint, and an actual demonstration by pediatricians of correct use of an infant restraint. A comparison group was not provided such education. Evaluation was based on actual observations of how infants were traveling in cars when they arrived at the pediatricians' office for well-child care at 1, 2, 4, and 15 months of age. Use of restraints anchored by car seat belts in the experimental group was higher than in the comparison group at each observation point by 23% at 1 month, 72% at 2 months, 9% at 4 months, and 12% at 15 months of age. The results indicated that pediatricians can be effective in increasing the protection of infants in cars, at least at the age (2 to 3 months) when the car-occupant death is especially great, but in this study the effect of their education was largely diminished by four months. Pediatricians should routinely educate their patients about crash protection of infants, but further studies are needed to determine techniques that can be used to maximize the magnitude and duration of positive effects. Additional techniques to increase the crash protection of infants, such as improved interior compartment designs and air bags, are also necessary and should be encouraged by pediatricians and other physicians.

Letters to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-613
Author(s):  
Allan F. Williams
Keyword(s):  
General Motors ◽  
American Population ◽  
Letters To The Editor ◽  
Air Bags ◽  
Crash Protection ◽  
Air Bag ◽  
Conducting Research

Dr Beuf's comment that air bags "can be more hazard than help" to children is incorrect. The concern had been expressed that some unrestrained children in crashes would be in positions in which they would be contacted by an air bag early in its deployment, and possibly injured as a result. Some years ago both Volvo and General Motors raised this issue after conducting research using pigs as child surrogates. Volvo cautioned, however, that "it would be extremely unfortunate if either government or industry allows the emotionality of the standing child/inflatable restraint issue to overshadow the potential that such systems have for preventing fatalities and injuries in a much larger segment of the American population" (letter submitted to Docket 74-14; Notice 1-FMVSS208, Occupant Crash Protection, Oct 18, 1974).

Motor Vehicle Accident Trauma and Restraint Usage Patterns in Children Less Than 4 Years of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-386
Author(s):  
Phyllis F. Agran ◽  
Debora E. Dunkle ◽  
Diane G. Winn
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accident ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Vehicle Accident ◽  
Restraint Use ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Safety Seat

In a sample of children less than 4 years of age, treated in an emergency room after a motor vehicle accident, 22% were restrained in a child safety seat (improper and proper), 12% were restrained by a vehicle seat belt, and 70% were unrestrained. Trauma and injury patterns related to the various restraint use patterns are described. Most children in safety seats and seat-belted children, if injured, sustained minor contusions, abrasions, or lacerations. Injury among properly restrained children in safety seats was primarily the result of unavoidable mechanisms (eg, flying glass, intrusion). Improper use contributed to injury among safety-seat-restrained children, primarily by allowing the child to hit against the vehicle interior. Seat-belted children also were injured, primarily by hitting against the vehicle interior. Although some of the restrained children were seriously injured, in general, restrained children tended to sustain less serious and fewer injuries than the unrestrained children.

Spinal and abdominal injury in an infant due to the incorrect use of a car seat belt

Injury ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 368-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Hope ◽  
Gregory R. Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Abdominal Injury ◽  
Car Seat

scholarly journals Perbaikan Proses Bisnis Pada Assembling Process Car Seat Belt Dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Model-Base and Integrated Process Improvement Studi Kasus: Bagian Operasional PT. XYZ

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Ujang Cahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Process Improvement ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Model Base ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Model Based

Dasar Penelitian memiliki tujuan mengaplikasikan satu metode peningkatan proses bisnis, yaitu Model-based and Integrated Process Improvement (MIPI), yang dikenalkan Sola Adesola dan Tim Baines. Metoda MIPI merupakan salah satu panduan yang terstruktur untuk meningkatkan proses bisnis. Dengan diterapkannya Metode MIPI dengan menggunakan permodelan IDEF0, diharapkan dapat memenuhi beberapa hal yaitu kepuasan konsumen, pencapaian efisiensi dan efektifitas bisnisuntuk dapat menang dalam persaingan pasar yang cukup tinggi. Metode MIPI dengan menggunakan permodelan IDEF0 akan memetakan proses “ As – Is “ untuk menggambarkan proses bisnis yang ada, yang kemudian terlihat akan ada perbaikan pada proses bisnis “ To – Be“. Pada akhir penelitian ini, dilakukan perbandingan sebelum dan sesudah impelementasi MIPI pada indikator kinerja operasional. Penelitian ini merupakan Studi kasus yang dilaksanakan pada perusahaan perakitan Car Seatbelt untuk mobil MPV (Multi Purpose Vehicle) merupakan pasar gemuk bagi para produsen mobil di tanah air.

Seat Belt and Car Seat in a Reclined Position: A Dangerous Combination

2001 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1189-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina G. Rehm ◽  
Robert K. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Car Seat

Car seat-belt legislation--third time lucky?

BMJ ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 2 (6150) ◽  
pp. 1492-1492
Author(s):  
P. E Newton
Keyword(s):  
Seat Belt ◽  
Car Seat
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