Nutritional Balance Studies in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Enhanced Nutrient Retention Rates by an Experimental Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-238
Author(s):  
Jayant P. Shenai ◽  
John W. Reynolds ◽  
S. Gorham Babson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Accretion Rates ◽  
The Mean

An experimental infant formula developed to meet the specific nutritional needs of very-low-birth-weight infants was evaluated by 96-hour balance studies in ten preterm infants (birth weight: 1,130 to 1,530 gm). The formula contained 23.2 gm/liter of protein (whey protein/casein ratio, 60:40), 44.1 gm/liter of fat (50% medium-chain triglycerides) and 85.0 gm/liter of carbohydrate (50% lactose, 50% Polycose), and provided relatively higher amounts of calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and electrolytes than are in human milk. All infants were fed 150 ml/kg/day (120 calories/kg/day) by intermittent gavage. Balance studies were carried out nine days following establishment of oral intake. The mean (±SEM) nutrient retention rates revealed by balance studies in these infants (calcium, 170 ± 4 mg/kg/day; phosphorus, 78 ± 3 mg/kg/day; nitrogen, 426 ± 8 mg/kg/day; sodium, 1.4 ± 0.1 mEq/kg/day) were comparable to normal fetal accretion rates. The mean (±SEM) fat absorption was 92.5 ± 0.9%. No clinical intolerances or biochemical abnormalities were observed, and adequate postnatal growth was achieved in all infants. The diet proved to be nutritionally advantageous and safe for very-low-birth-weight infants.

Nutritional Balance Studies in Very Low-Birth-Weight Infants: Role of Soy Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 631-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayant P. Shenai ◽  
Banoo M. Jhaveri ◽  
John W. Reynolds ◽  
Robert K. Huston ◽  
S. Gorham Babson
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Phosphorus Absorption ◽  
Accretion Rates

Although a soy-based lactose-free infant formula is sometimes used for feeding very low-birth-weight infants, the nutritional adequacy of this diet has not been thoroughly investigated. This study used the metabolic balance technique to compare nutrient retention rates in 19 very low-birth-weight (<1,530 gm) infants fed either a soy-based formula or a conventional milk-based formula. Serum chemistries and anthropometric measurements were assessed serially. The soy isolate supplemented with methionine as the sole dietary protein appeared to be adequately utilized, and nitrogen retention rates comparable to fetal accretion rates could be achieved in soy-fed infants in the limited period of study. The absence of lactose in the diet of soy-fed infants did not interfere with calcium metabolism. However, phosphorus absorption was diminished with the feeding of soy formula, which resulted in relative hypophosphatemia. Although the soy-fed infants showed increased renal conservation of phosphorus during the study period, the lesser absorption may, over time, stress phosphorus homeostatic control mechanisms. It is concluded that routine use of soy formula without specific therapeutic indications is undesirable in feeding very low-birth-weight infants. Extended use of such a formulation needs to be monitored for potential adverse effects on skeletal mineralization.

Association of early postnatal growth trajectory with body composition in term low birth weight infants

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Khandelwal ◽  
V. Jain ◽  
A. K. Gupta ◽  
M. Kalaivani ◽  
V. K. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender

Growth acceleration or catch-up growth (CUG) in early infancy is a plausible risk factor for later obesity and cardiovascular disease. We postulate that this risk may be mediated by an adverse programming of body composition by CUG in early infancy. The study was aimed at evaluating the association between the pattern of gain in weight and length of term low birth weight (LBW) infants from birth to 6 months, with fat mass percent (FM%) at 6 months. Term healthy singleton LBW infants were enrolled. Baby’s weight and length z-scores were measured at birth and three follow-up visits. Body composition was measured by dual-energy absorptiometry at last visit. A total of 54 babies (28 boys) were enrolled. The mean birth weight and gestation were 2175±180 g and 37.6±0.6 weeks. Follow-up visits were at 1.4±0.0, 3.0±0.3 and 7.2±0.8 months. The proportion of babies who showed CUG [increase in weight for age z-score (∆WAZ)>0.67] from birth to 1.4, 3.0 and 7.2 months was 29.6, 26.4 and 48.5%, respectively. The mean FM% at 7.2 months was 16.6±7.8%. Infants with greater ∆WAZ from birth to 3 and 7.2 months had significantly greater FM% at 7.2 months after adjusting for current age, size and gender. Infants with early CUG (<1.4 months) had higher FM% than infants with no CUG. We conclude that earlier and greater increment in WAZ is positively associated with FM%.

scholarly journals Prediction of Postnatal Growth Failure among Very Low Birth Weight Infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soon Min Lee ◽  
Namhyo Kim ◽  
Ran Namgung ◽  
Minsoo Park ◽  
Kookin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Postnatal Growth Failure

Pre-discharge growth pattern of very low birth weight infants (VLBW): A 5 year single center experience

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S.H. Elbeely ◽  
M.A. AlQurashi
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
The Mean

BACKGROUND: Very low birth weight infants born prematurely are at greater risk for growth delays that lead to Ex-utero Growth Restriction (EUGR) during vulnerable periods of organ structural and functional development. There is considerable evidence that early growth failure has adverse effects on long term neurodevelopment in children which often persists into adulthood. METHODS: This is a single-center cross-sectional study on live newborn infants with birth weight ranges from 500 to 1500 grams (VLBW) and gestational age (GA) between 24–32 weeks who were admitted to NICU at KAMC-Jeddah over a 5 year period (2009–2013). This study aims to evaluate predischarge growth pattern of VLBW infants in terms of weight, head circumference (HC) and length and to identify important variables that have influenced such growth pattern. RESULTS: Of the 135 infants included in the final analysis, 68 (50.4%) were male and 67 (49.6%) were female and the mean gestational age was 28.83±2.064 weeks and the mean birth weight 1166.74±256 grams. Ninety-two infants (68%) had discharge weight at ≤10th percentile and forty four (32%) had their weight >10th percentile. HC was the lowest affected among the anthropometric measurements with 42% ≤10th percentile. In terms of linear growth, 62% had their length ≤10th percentile. Amongst infants born ≤750 grams, 71% and 70% had HC and height at ≤10th percentile respectively, at the time of discharge. BPD was significantly associated with EUGR (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that almost 2/3rd of VLBW infants born at KAMC-Jeddah with birth weight ≤750 grams were discharged home with EUGR as demonstrated by their weight, length, and HC ≤10th percentile. BPD was found to be significantly associated with EUGR amongst post-natal factors influencing EUGR.

Impact of histological chorioamnionitis on postnatal growth in very-low birth weight infants

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Elsa García González ◽  
Montserrat Izquierdo Renau ◽  
Victoria Aldecoa-Bilbao ◽  
Alba Vergès Castells ◽  
Carlota Rovira Zurriaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants

Extrauterine Growth Restriction in Low Birth Weight Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari Bonnar ◽  
Debbie Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Growth Failure ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Extrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Postnatal Growth Failure

Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) affects a significant number of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants and has the potential to impact neurodevelopmental outcome as well as other aspects of long-term health. More aggressive nutritional approaches have reduced the incidence of postnatal growth failure but many questions remain about the expected rate of growth for very preterm infants, the best ways to measure growth velocity, and the optimal approaches to supporting growth. This article examines some of the outstanding issues regarding postnatal growth failure and summarizes current practice recommendations.

scholarly journals 47 Postnatal Growth Kinetics of Very Low Birth Weight Infants

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-362
Author(s):  
E Bertino ◽  
A Coscia ◽  
L Boni ◽  
G Rossetti ◽  
M Mombro' ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Kinetics Of
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