Congenital Rubella and Myxedema

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-496
Author(s):  
Theodore W. AvRuskin ◽  
Mario Brakin ◽  
Christina Juan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Thyroid Disorders ◽  
White Girl ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Thyroid disorders have been reported following congenital rubella: four cases of thyroiditis1-4 and two patients with thyrotoxicosis5,6 are known. We report a patient with childhood myxedema and congenital rubella, and indicate that myxedema may occur as a sequela to rubella. This combination of disorders should be added to thyroiditis,5 hypopituitarism7 and adrenal insufficiency4 in the spectrum of possible late diabetes mellitus complications of the congenital rubella syndrome. Patients with congenital rubella should be tested periodically for these endocrine deficiencies. CASE REPORT An 8[unknown]-year-old white girl was the product of a seven-month gestation complicated by maternal rubella in the first trimester. Birth weight was 1 kg.

Children at High Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: New York Studies of Families with Diabetes and of Children with Congenital Rubella Syndrome

1988 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. McEvoy ◽  
Barbara Fedun ◽  
Louis Z. Cooper ◽  
Nancy M. Thomas ◽  
Santiago Rodriguez De Cordoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
New York ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Congenital Rubella Surveillance: A Matter of Priorities

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-190
Author(s):  
M. Gilbert Grand ◽  
Shelby A. Wyll
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Immunization Programs ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Peak Incidence ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) has been a nationally notifiable disease since 1965; however, reporting has been quantitatively poor. To improve surveillance, a National Registry for Congenital Rubella Syndrome was established in 1969. Since then, the Registry has received 133 case report forms from 28 states and the District of Columbia. Analysis of these reports shows that peaks of CRS births occurred seven to nine months after the peak incidence of rubella in 1969 and 1970. Estimates of the number of babies born with CRS per year far exceed the actual number of -reported cases. Since the ultimate goal of rubella immunization programs is the prevention of congenital rubella syndrome, improved surveillance of CRS is of prime importance in the overall rubella immunization effort.

scholarly journals Rubella Virus Infection, the Congenital Rubella Syndrome, and the Link to Autism

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Mawson ◽  
Ashley M. Croft
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Liver Dysfunction ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Hypervitaminosis A ◽  
Background Rate ◽  
Rubella Infection ◽  
Congenital Rubella

Rubella is a systemic virus infection that is usually mild. It can, however, cause severe birth defects known as the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) when infection occurs early in pregnancy. As many as 8%–13% of children with CRS developed autism during the rubella epidemic of the 1960s compared to the background rate of about 1 new case per 5000 children. Rubella infection and CRS are now rare in the U.S. and in Europe due to widespread vaccination. However, autism rates have risen dramatically in recent decades to about 3% of children today, with many cases appearing after a period of normal development (‘regressive autism’). Evidence is reviewed here suggesting that the signs and symptoms of rubella may be due to alterations in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin A (retinoids), precipitated by the acute phase of the infection. The infection causes mild liver dysfunction and the spillage of stored vitamin A compounds into the circulation, resulting in an endogenous form of hypervitaminosis A. Given that vitamin A is a known teratogen, it is suggested that rubella infection occurring in the early weeks of pregnancy causes CRS through maternal liver dysfunction and exposure of the developing fetus to excessive vitamin A. On this view, the multiple manifestations of CRS and associated autism represent endogenous forms of hypervitaminosis A. It is further proposed that regressive autism results primarily from post-natal influences of a liver-damaging nature and exposure to excess vitamin A, inducing CRS-like features as a function of vitamin A toxicity, but without the associated dysmorphogenesis. A number of environmental factors are discussed that may plausibly be candidates for this role, and suggestions are offered for testing the model. The model also suggests a number of measures that may be effective both in reducing the risk of fetal CRS in women who acquire rubella in their first trimester and in reversing or minimizing regressive autism among children in whom the diagnosis is suspected or confirmed.

Rubella — what is the danger of this disease?

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolievich Klimov
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Rubella Vaccination ◽  
Torch Infections

Rubella, along with toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus and herpes, belongs to TORCH infections, diseases that can have a detrimental effect on the fetus if infected during pregnancy. The disease is caused by a virus, the only known source and carrier of which is human. Mostly children and young people are susceptible to the disease; they tolerate the disease quite easily. Of the clinical symptoms, it should be noted the appearance of a rash, a slight increase in temperature, regional lymphadenitis, and sometimes conjunctivitis. In adults, joint inflammation can also occur, which usually lasts 3–7 days. The rubella virus is most dangerous when a woman first becomes infected during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. The probability of intrauterine infection of the fetus in this situation is 90 %, as a result of which it may die or develop congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). As a result, children with congenital rubella syndrome can suffer from developmental defects, hearing and visual impairments, diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders. To prevent intrauterine infection of the fetus, vaccination against rubella is carried out, which leads to the development of stable immunity. Today rubella vaccination is carried out in 168 countries of the world, which allows immunization coverage of about 70 % of women. The countries of the African continent and Southeast Asia are the least affected by rubella vaccination, as a result of which there are about 4 cases of births of children in utero infected with the virus per 1000 births.

Congenital Rubella Syndrome: A Case Report on Changes in Viral Load and Rubella Antibody Titers

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. e20153333-e20153333 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nagasawa ◽  
N. Ishiwada ◽  
A. Ogura ◽  
T. Ogawa ◽  
N. Takeuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Rubella Antibody

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude, and practice of care providers about congenital rubella syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 806
Author(s):  
Lantonirina Ravaoarisoa ◽  
Todisoa N. Andriatahina ◽  
Zina A. Randriananahirana ◽  
Andrianina H. Ranivoson ◽  
Vonintsoa L. Rahajamanana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Congenital Rubella Syndrome ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Congenital Rubella ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Behaviour of healthcare providers when facing an illness is an important part of their struggle. The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge, the attitude and the practice of health care providers regarding to the Congenital Rubella Syndrome.Methods: Authors did a descriptive study on the knowledge, the attitude and the practice of healthcare providers about Congenital Rubella Syndrome with 161 healthcare providers working in 8 hospitals in Madagascar. A self-introduced survey was used to collect the data.Results: There were 87% of all healthcare providers included in the study, who said that rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy was the cause of this syndrome for child, 87% knew at least 2 of the 3 major signs of Congenital Rubella Syndrome and more than 80% had a good knowledge of the criteria for diagnosing cases (suspected, clinically confirmed, laboratory confirmed). The referral to a hospital or to a specialist was the most proposed for the management of the case of Congenital Rubella Syndrome. The prescription of an IgG avidity for rubella and advising abortion were the main propositions for mothers having a positive test at the first trimester of pregnancy.Conclusions: A fairly satisfactory level of knowledge of healthcare providers was noted.

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