Moxalactam Treatment of Serious Infections Primarily Due to Haemophilus influenzae Type b in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Sheldon L. Kaplan ◽  
Edward O. Mason ◽  
Sally J. Kvernland ◽  
Elaine M. Loiselle ◽  
Ralph D. Feigin
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Cns Infections ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Transient Elevation

Thirty-eight children completed therapy with moxalactam for a variety of non-CNS infections. Haemophilus influenzae type b (seven ampicillin-resistant strains) was the etiologic agent for 32 children. Doses of moxalactam ranged from 113 to 200 mg/kg/d in three or four divided doses administered parenterally. All children with infections due to H influenzae type b had excellent responses to moxalactam therapy. Children treated for infections due to other agents also responded satisfactorily to moxalactam therapy. Moxalactam concentrations in joint and pleural fluids greatly exceeded the minimal bactericidal concentrations of moxalactam for H influenzae type b. Adverse reactions included neutropenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, and transient elevation of transaminase levels. Moxalactam administered parenterally, at a dose of 113 to 150 mg/kg/d in three or four divided doses is effective therapy for serious infections in children due to H influenzae type b and selected other organisms.

Safety and Immunogenicity of a Combined Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine in Young Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
Peter R. Paradiso ◽  
Deborah A. Hogerman ◽  
Dace Viceps Madore ◽  
Harry Keyserling ◽  
James King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Tetravalent Vaccine ◽  
Combined Vaccine ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Number Of Injections

Objective. To study the safety and immunogenicity of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP)-Haemophilus influenzae type b (HbOC) vaccine (TETRAMUNE) in infants as young as 2 months of age as compared to separate administration of DTP and HbOC. Methods. Two-month-old infants were randomized to receive three doses 2 months apart of either DTP-HbOC as a single 0.5-mL injection or to receive 0.5 mL of DTP and HbOC concurrently in separate legs. Local and systemic adverse reactions were monitored within 72 hours of each immunization, and immunogenicity of each of the four vaccine components was measured. Results. The incidence of both local and systemic adverse events following the tetravalent vaccine was similar to the incidence following separate vaccine administration. After three doses of vaccine, the response to each of the vaccine components was higher in the combined vaccine when compared to separate administration. In the case of the Haemophilus influenzae type b component, this enhancement was also seen after two doses. The response to the combined vaccine was consistent among the three lots tested as was the enhancement over separate administration. Conclusions. The DTP-HbOC vaccine was safe and immunogenic in young infants and was generally more immunogenic than separate vaccination with DTP and HbOC. The use of such a combined vaccine reduces the number of injections given to young infants by half and is an important step toward improving vaccine delivery.

Adverse Reactions Reported Following Receipt of Haemophilus influenzae Type b Vaccine: An Analysis After 1 Year of Marketing

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
Julie B. Milstien ◽  
Thomas P. Gross ◽  
Joel N. Kuritsky
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
First Year ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Concurrent Infection ◽  
Type B ◽  
Vaccine Failure

An analysis of adverse reactions occurring after receipt of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and reported to the Food and Drug Administration during the first year of marketing of the product was performed. During the period April 1985 to May 1986, adverse reaction reports on 152 patients, excluding those of vaccine failure and concurrent infection, were received. Several adverse reactions not previously recognized, including convulsions, allergic reactions such as anaphylactoid-like and serum sickness-like reactions, and vomiting were received. The vast majority of adverse reactions were benign. Because there are many biases that result in the reporting of or failure to report an adverse reaction, it is not possible to derive a rate of reactions from these data. Furthermore, causality cannot be inferred from any single report. The data, however, indicate that, in light of widespread use of the vaccine, its use appears to be safe.

Dynamics of Nasopharyngeal Colonization With Haemophilus influenzae b During Antibiotic Therapy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
JANET R. GILSDORF
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Chronic Care ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Haemophilus influenzae type b, a major cause of serious infections in infants and young children, may colonize the nasopharynges of healthy, asymptomatic carriers as well as patients with invasive H influenzae type b disease. Person to person spread of this organism is suspected to be by infected respiratory tract secretions. Recently, clusters of epidemiologically related cases have been recognized among young household and day-care contacts of children with H influenzae type b disease,1 demonstrating the contagious potential of H influenzae type b infections. Serious nosocomial infections with H influenzae type b have been described in pediatric patients in acute and chronic care hospitals.2-4

Effect of Prior Antibiotics on the Susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae Type b to Ampicillin

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-271
Author(s):  
Sheldon L. Kaplan ◽  
Edward O. Mason ◽  
Sally J. Kvernland
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Type B ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
In Infants And Children

Ampicillin-resistant strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b are responsible for a substantial number of cases of invasive disease caused by this organism in infants and children.1 Syriopoulou et al2 have observed that ampicillin-resistant isolates of H influenzae (type b or non-b) occur more frequently in ill children who have received prior β- lactam antibiotics. However, Lerman et al3 found that recent antibiotic therapy did not influence the susceptibility to ampicillin of H influenzae (type b or non-b) recovered from the nasopharynx of healthy children. Inasmuch as the prevalence of ampicillin-resistant H influenzae type has been increasing steadily at Texas Children's Hospital since 1974, we initiated a prospective study of the influence of prior antibiotics on ampicillin susceptibility of H influenzae type b from children with invasive disease.

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