The Role of Donations in Financing Extreme Risk Events

Globally, post-event funding needs are growing, while the material and human damage caused by extreme events is constantly growing. The 2015 United Nations (UN) Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction estimated that worldwide, these extreme events cause losses of approximately $ 250-300 billion annually. Although there are now various post-event financing options (insurance, grants, loans, donations, etc.) for the population, companies or public institutions, these instruments are often not sufficient for post-event recovery and reconstruction, so many challenges remain for post-event recovery. Thus, there is often a gap between the financing needs of companies or the population and the existing financing instruments, most often the amounts needed for financing being higher than the amounts that are available through the various existing financing mechanisms. In this article we addressed the topic of post-event funding sources such as donations and highlighted that these, although they are one of the cheapest sources of funding, the support of post-event donors is often uncertain. Also, in the elaboration of this paper I used qualitative and quantitative research based on the use of methods such as Spearman correlation indicator, data processing and analysis, documenting reports, studying reference works and other studies.

Self-Assessment Reports

Quality assurance has gained momentum in the education sector also after its recognition in the industry. Quality has become a part of service providers like healthcare and education. The field of education has undergone tremendous change since the word quality penetrated into it. Choosing a higher education institution puts in many criteria of which quality assurance and accreditation also has a vital role. The process of accreditation differs from one country to another. The process depends on the outcomes expected by the accrediting agency along with the guidelines of the government regulatory body. Self-assessment report is a self-evaluation made by an institution which is prepared in a report form and submitted to accrediting agency. An expert team evaluates the application for awarding accreditation to a HEI. The role of self-assessment report is to understand the strength and weakness of the HEI.

Lorenz Atmospheric Energy Cycle in Climatic Projections

The aim of this study is to investigate whether different Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), as they are determined in the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), lead to different regimes in the energetics components of the Lorenz energy cycle. The four energy forms on which this investigation is based are the zonal and eddy components of the available potential and kinetic energies. The corresponding transformations between these forms of energy are also studied. RCPs are time-dependent, consistent scenarios of concentrations of radiatively active gases and particles. In the present study, four RCPs are explored, namely, rcp26, rcp45, rcp60, rcp85; these represent projections (for the future period 2006–2100) that result in radiative forcing of approximately 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 Wm−2 at year 2100, respectively, relative to pre-industrial conditions. The results are presented in terms of time projections of the energetics components from 2020 to 2100 and show that the different RCPs yield diverse energetics regimes, consequently impacting the Lorenz energy cycle. In this respect, projections under different RCPs of the Lorenz energy cycle are presented.

LAPORAN PENILAIAN KEGIATAN BELAJAR DARI RUMAH DI RA NURUL FALAH KALIDERES

Abstrak RA Nurul Falah adalah salah satu lembaga yang menyelenggarakan pendidikan anak usia dini yang regulasinya ada di bawah Kementerian Agama RI. Lokasi lembaga berada di Kecamatan Kalideres Kota Jakarta Barat, DKI Jakarta. Lembaga RA ini menerapkan kegiatan Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR) selama masa pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda Indonesia sejak bulan Maret tahun 2020. Demi terselenggaranya efektivitas kegiatan Belajar Dari Rumah, penyelenggara RA Nurul Falah memberikan laporan penilaian secara berkala tiap bulan. Laporan penilaian ini diberikan kepada 16 orang tua siswa yang ada di RA Nurul Falah. Program pemberian laporan penilaian kegiatan belajar dari rumah kepada orang tua ini dapat menjadi sarana pembinaan orang tua dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan Belajar Dari Rumah dan sarana komunikas antara orang tua dan guru dalam mengetahui kemajuan kemampuan enam aspek kemampuan perkembangan anak. Pemberian laporan penilaian selama kegiatan belajar dari rumah ini juga diberikan sebagai dukungan pembinaan kepada orang tua untuk memahami perkembangan dan gaya belajar anak. Orang tua sangat terbantu dengan adanya laporan penilaian ini karena dengan penilaian ini mereka dapat mengetahui kemampuan anaknya meningkat dari hari ke hari dan mengetahui kegiatan yang dilakukan selama masa Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR) adalah kegiatan yang bermakna dengan tujuan untuk mencapai perkembangan anak sesuai tingkatan usianya. Abstract RA Nurul Falah is one of the institutions that organize early childhood education whose regulations are under the Ministry of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia. The location of the institution is in Kalideres District, West Jakarta City, DKI Jakarta. This RA institution implements Learning from Home activities during the COVID-19 pandemic that has hit Indonesia since March 2020. To ensure the effectiveness of Learning from Home activities, the organizer of RA Nurul Falah provides an assessment report regularly every month. This assessment report was given to 16 parents of students at RA Nurul Falah. This program of providing reports on the assessment of learning from home activities to parents can be a means of fostering parents in implementing Learning from Home activities and a means of communication between parents and teachers in knowing the progress of the six aspects of children's developmental abilities. The provision of assessment reports during learning from home activities is also provided as coaching support for parents to understand children's development and learning styles. Parents are greatly helped by this assessment report because with this assessment they can find out their child's ability to improve from day to day and know that the activities carried out during the Learning from the Home period are meaningful activities to achieve child development according to their age level.