Revised First Aid for the Choking Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Amencan Academy ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction

Aspiration of a foreign body is a common hazard in infancy and childhood. In the last 5 years, there has been a great effort to educate the public on the prevention of choking due to accidental inhalation of foods or small objects by children. Concomitantly, there has been a campaign to teach the first aid measures essential for evaluation and treatment of choking. LITERATURE REVIEW Much of the existing data on treating the choking child has been anecdotal. In 1981, the Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention of the Amencan Academy of Pediatrics reviewed the available literature; the Committee recommended that a foreign body in the upper airway be considered an immediate threat to life and that such a foreign body required urgent removal.1 In addition, the Committee recognized the effectiveness of natural coughing and recommended that, if a choking child could breathe and was able to speak and/or cough, all maneuvers were unneccessary and potentially dangerous. If the choking child could not breathe, cough, or make a sound, a series of back blows and chest thrusts was recommended. The Committee recommendations resulted in a spirited controversy concerning the most effective management of the choking child.2-6 At the July 1985 National Conference on Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care, the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and the American Red Cross convened a panel on Management of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction to review and revise the past recommendations. The panel recommended use of the abdominal thrust—the Heimlich maneuver—as the exclusive method of treating foreign body airway obstruction for adults and children older than 1 year.

First Aid for the Choking Child, 1988

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-742
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Standards And Guidelines

Aspiration of a foreign body is a common hazard in infancy and childhood. In the last 6 years, there has been a great effort to educate the public concerning the prevention of choking due to accidental aspiration of foods or small objects by children. Concomitantly, there has been a campaign to teach the first aid measures essential for evaluation and treatment of choking. HISTORIC OVERVIEW Much of the existing data regarding treatment of the choking child is anecdotal. In 1981, the Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention of the American Academy of Pediatrics1 reviewed the available literature. The committee recommended that a foreign body in the upper airway be considered an immediate threat to life and that such a foreign body required urgent removal. In addition, the committee recognized the effectiveness of natural coughing and recommended that, if a choking child could breath and was able to speak and/or cough, all maneuvers were unnecessary and potentially dangerous. If the choking child could not breathe, cough, or make a sound, a series of back blows and chest thrusts was recommended. The committee recommendations resulted in a spirited controversy concerning the most effective management of the choking child.2-6 At the July 1985 National Conference on Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care, the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and the American Red Cross convened a panel on Management of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction to review and revise the past recommendations.

scholarly journals Elderly and Children Are Not The Only Victims of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction in Italy (A National Media-Based Survey)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
G Landoni ◽  
T. Scquizzato ◽  
A. G. Yavorovskiy ◽  
A. Zangrillo ◽  
S. Silvetti
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
National Media ◽  
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction ◽  
Problem Data ◽  
Italian Territory

Choking is a relevant public health problem. Data in medical literature are scarce and fatal events are dramatically under-reported.The aim of this manuscript is to give a real estimation of this problem and to raise awareness about this topic.Materials and methods. All deaths caused by choking reported by Italian Mass Media over a two years period were collected. Suspected sudden infant death syndrome was an exclusion criteria.Results. 76 deaths due to foreign body airway obstruction were identified, 51% during 2018 and 49% in 2019, without identifiable time clusters. Choking affected every age, including pre-scholar children (25%), children 6 to 18 years old (3%), adults (38%), and elderly patients (34%). Witnessed cases were 61 (80%) but in almost half 26 cases (42%) the fatal event occurred before or without first aid maneuvers being performed.Conclusion. On the Italian territory, during a 2 years period, three cases per month of fatal choking due to foreign-body airway obstruction occurred, many of them in adult patients (38%). Italian people seem not to be educated to provide first aid in these settings.

Foreign body airway obstruction, incidence, survival and first aid treatment by laypersons

Resuscitation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. e76
Author(s):  
Theo Walther Jensen ◽  
Mathias G. Holgersen ◽  
Stig N.F. Blomberg ◽  
Freddy K. Lippert ◽  
Helle C. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction

First Aid for the Choking Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Local Agencies

There are more than 300 annual deaths of children in the United States due to choking.1 Prompt, effective first aid provided by a bystander may and often does prevent morbidity or death. Pediatricians should review the risk of choking with parents during routine health care visits and encourage families to obtain formal training from local agencies such as the American Red Cross and American Heart Association. Toys, food, or other foreign objects find their way into youngsters' airways. Any child who has choked on a foreign body and is coughing, crying, or speaking is best left to his/her own reflexes to relieve the obstruction. If the child or infant is unable to make sounds or if complete obstruction develops, without evidence of respiratory air movement, immediate first aid is required to avoid permanent disability or death. CURRENT TECHNIQUES Abdominal Thrust Technique Most experts agree that the abdominal thrust maneuver (Fig 1), as originally described by Henry Heimlich, MD, is the most effective method of relieving airway obstruction in children more than 1 year of age.2-8 This method utilizes the following concepts: (1) four fifths of normal respiration occurs using the diaphragm; (2) abdominal pressure compresses the diaphragm upward, thereby raising intrathoracic pressure; (3) rapid increase in intrathoracic pressure may expel the obstructing object; and (4) as a patient becomes hypoxic, muscle tone diminishes. Thus, repeated abdominal thrusts that may be ineffective initially become effective minutes later. Controversy exists concerning first aid management for a choking child less than 12 months of age: abdominal thrust technique versus back-blow and chest thrust technique.

Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Chan ◽  
Suzanne M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Retropharyngeal Abscess ◽  
Anatomic Location ◽  
Bacterial Tracheitis

Upper airway obstruction is a common reason that children present for emergency care, and causes range from simple and benign etiologies to life-threatening conditions requiring emergent intervention. Both congenital and acquired conditions can result in airway obstruction at various levels, and due to the high risk of acute decompensation associated with some of these conditions, rapid diagnosis and treatment are essential. This review covers assessment and stabilization, diagnosis, and treatment of foreign-body aspiration, croup, bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, and retropharyngeal abscess. Figures show a diagram of the pediatric airway, an anteroposterior radiograph of the neck demonstrating the characteristic “steeple sign” in croup, an algorithm for the treatment of croup, lateral radiographs demonstrating a thickened epiglottis, consistent with a diagnosis of epiglottitis,  and a widening of the prevertebral soft tissues of the neck, consistent with a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess. Tables list causes of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, symptoms of upper airway obstruction by anatomic location, severity of croup, and microbiology of deep neck abscesses.   This review contains 5 figures, 13 tables, and 32 references Key words: Upper airway obstruction; Pediatric upper airway obstruction, Foreign-body aspiration, Croup, Bacterial tracheitis, Epiglottitis, Peritonsillar abscess, Retropharyngeal abscess, Stridor

Teaching First Aid, CPR, and AED Using Blended Learning in Academic Settings

2018 ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Jerono P. Rotich ◽  
Gloria Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
College Age ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
The Difference

Due to the increase of accidents, incidences, and unexpected emergencies, knowledge of first aid, CPR, and AED skills is critical. It can make the difference between life and death and between complete recovery and permanent disability. Although numerous agencies such as the American Red Cross, American Safety and Health and Institute (ASHI), American Heart Association (AHA), and other organizations have trained millions of individuals in first aid, CPR, and AED, there is still a need to train more people especially the college age population. This chapter examines the need and impact of teaching first aid, CPR, and AED through blended learning in a college or university setting. Benefits of blended and online courses as well as strategies for setting up and teaching a blended learning course are provided.

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